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Quantifying the Role of the Eddy Transfer Coefficient in Simulating the Response of the Southern ocean Meridional Overturning Circulation to Enhanced Westerlies in a Coarse-resolution Model

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第9期41卷 1853-1867页

作者： Yiwen LI Hailong LIU Pengfei LIN Eric PCHASSIGNET Zipeng YU Fanghua WU school of ocean Sciences China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China Laoshan Laboratory Qingdao 266237China Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Center for ocean-Atmospheric Prediction Studies Florida State UniversityTallahassee 32306FloridaUSA china Meteorological administration Beijing 100081China

This study assesses the capability of a coarse-resolution ocean model to replicate the response of the Southern ocean Meridional Overturning Circulation(MOC) to intensified westerlies,focusing on the role of the eddy transfer coefficient(κ).κ is a parameter commonly used to represent the velocities induced by unresolved *** findings reveal that a stratification-dependent κ,incorporating spatiotemporal variability,leads to the most robust eddy-induced MOC response,capturing 82% of the reference eddy-resolving *** the eddy-induced velocity into its vertical variation(VV) and spatial structure(SS) components unveils that the enhanced eddy compensation response primarily stems from an augmented SS term,while the introduced VV term weakens the ***,the temporal variability of the stratification-dependent κ emerges as a key factor in enhancing the eddy compensation response to intensified *** experiment with stratification-dependent κ exhibits a more potent eddy compensation response compared to the constant κ,attributed to the structure of κ and the vertical variation of the density *** results underscore the critical role of accurately representing κ in capturing the response of the Southern ocean MOC and emphasize the significance of the isopycnal slope in modulating the eddy compensation mechanism.

关键词： eddy transfer coefficient mesoscale eddy parameterization enhanced westerlies Southern ocean Meridional Overturning Circulation ocean model

Effect of the Initial Vortex Structure on Intensity Change During Eyewall Replacement Cycle of Tropical Cyclones:A Numerical Study

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Journal of Tropical Meteorology 2024年第2期30卷 106-117页

作者：杨昕玮王玉清王慧徐晶占瑞芬 State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesChina Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081 China university of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 101408 China Department of Atmospheric Sciences and international Pacific Research Center School of Earth and Ocean Science and TechnologyUniversity of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHI 96822 USA Qingdao Joint Institute of Marine Meteorology Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesChina Meteorological AdministrationQingdaoShandong 266034 China Department of Atmospheric and oceanic Sciences&Institute of Atmospheric Sciences Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438 China

This study investigates the effect of the initial tropical cyclone(TC)vortex structure on the intensity change during the eyewall replacement cycle(ERC)of TCs based on two idealized simulations using the Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF)*** show that an initially smaller TC with weaker outer winds experienced a much more drastic intensity change during the ERC than an initially larger TC with stronger outer *** is found that an initially larger TC vortex with stronger outer winds favored the development of more active spiral rainbands outside the outer eyewall,which slowed down the contraction and intensification of the outer eyewall and thus prolonged the duration of the concentric eyewall and slow intensity *** contrast,the initially smaller TC with weaker outer winds corresponded to higher inertial stability in the inner core and weaker inertial stability but stronger filamentation outside the outer *** led to stronger boundary layer inflow,stronger updraft and convection in the outer eyewall,and suppressed convective activity outside the outer *** resulted in the rapid weakening during the formation of the outer eyewall,followed by a rapid re-intensification of the TC during the *** study demonstrates that accurate initialization of the TC structure in numerical models is crucial for predicting changes in TC intensity during the ***,monitoring the activity of spiral rainbands outside the outer eyewall can help to improve short-term intensity forecasts for TCs experiencing ERCs.

关键词： tropical cyclones concentric eyewall inner eyewall and outer eyewall eyewall replacement cycle intensity change

A mite parasitoid,Pyemotes zhonghuajia,negatively impacts the fitness traits and immune response of the fall armyworm,Spodoptera frugiperda

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第1期23卷 205-216页

作者： Yanfei Song Tai’an Tian Yichai Chen Keshi Zhang Maofa Yang Jianfeng Liu Institute of Entomology Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous RegionGuizhou University/Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Crop Pests in GuiyangMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsGuiyang 550025China administration of Guizhou Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve Jiangkou 554400China Centre for Biodiversity and Biosecurity School of Biological SciencesThe University of AucklandAuckland 1072New Zealand College of Tobacco Science Guizhou UniversityGuiyang 550025China

Parasitoids are key regulators in ecological communities and widely used as agents in biocontrol *** fall armyworm,Spodoptera frugiperda,recently invaded multiple continents and caused substantial economic losses in *** zhonghuajia,a newly identified mite parasitoid,has shown potential for controlling various agricultural insect ***,this study tested the performance of *** in parasitising *** also investigated the sublethal effects of parasitism by *** on host fitness traits,transgenerational impacts,and cellular and humoral *** result showed that the fifth-instar larvae of *** parasitised by 40 *** were all dead(i.e.,a lethal effect),while parasitism by 5 or 10 *** was considered sublethal since many *** survived to adulthood and produced offspring after *** sublethal influences from parasitism by *** resulted in reduced pupal weight,adult emergence rate and fecundity,but increased developmental time and *** at both lethal(40 mites)and sublethal(10 mites)levels impaired the cellular and humoral immunity of *** study presents the first empirical evidence that mite parasitoids can negatively influence host ***,it provides insights into the biocontrol potential of mite parasitoids and their interactions with hosts.

关键词： Pyemotes zhonghuajia Spodoptera frugiperda immunity parasitically-induced influence biocontrol parasitoid

New Record ocean Temperatures and Related Climate Indicators in 2023

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第6期41卷 1068-1082页

作者： Lijing CHENG John ABRAHAM Kevin E.TRENBERTH Tim BOYER Michael EMANN Jiang ZHU Fan WANG Fujiang YU Ricardo LOCARNINI John FASULLO Fei ZHENG Yuanlong LI Bin ZHANG Liying WAN Xingrong CHEN Dakui WANG Licheng FENG Xiangzhou SONG Yulong LIU Franco RESEGHETTI Simona SIMONCELLI Viktor GOURETSKI Gengxin CHEN Alexey MISHONOV Jim REAGAN Karina VON SCHUCKMANN Yuying PAN Zhetao TAN Yujing ZHU Wangxu WEI Guancheng LI Qiuping REN Lijuan CAO Yayang LU international Center for Climate and Environment Sciences Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China university of St.Thomas School of EngineeringMinnesota 55105USA NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research BoulderColorado 80307USA university of Auckland Auckland 1010New Zealand National oceanic and Atmospheric administration National Centers for Environmental InformationSilver SpringMaryland 20910USA Department of Earth and Environmental Science University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvania 19104USA Institute of oceanology Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center Ministry of Natural Resources of ChinaBeijing 100081China oceanographic Data Center Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China College of oceanography Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098China National Marine Data and Information Service Tianjin 300171China Italian National Agency for New Technologies Energy and Sustainable Economic DevelopmentS.Teresa Research CenterLerici 19032Italy Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia Sede di BolognaBologna 40128Italy South china Sea Institute of oceanology Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510301China ESSIC/CISESS-MD University of MarylandCollege ParkMD20740USA Mercator ocean international Toulouse 31400France Eco-Environmental Monitoring and Research Center Pearl River Valley and South China Sea Ecology and Environment AdministrationMinistry of Ecology and EnvironmentPRCGuangzhou 510611China National Meteorological Information Center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China international Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals Beijing 100094China

The global physical and biogeochemical environment has been substantially altered in response to increased atmospheric greenhouse gases from human *** 2023,the sea surface temperature(SST)and upper 2000 m ocean heat content(OHC)reached record *** 0–2000 m OHC in 2023 exceeded that of 2022 by 15±10 ZJ(1 Zetta Joules=1021 Joules)(updated IAP/CAS data);9±5 ZJ(NCEI/NOAA data).The Tropical Atlantic ocean,the Mediterranean Sea,and southern oceans recorded their highest OHC observed since the *** with the onset of a strong El Niño,the global SST reached its record high in 2023 with an annual mean of~0.23℃ higher than 2022 and an astounding>0.3℃ above 2022 values for the second half of *** density stratification and spatial temperature inhomogeneity indexes reached their highest values in 2023.

关键词： ocean heat content salinity stratification global warming climate

Glutathione-depleted cyclodextrin pseudo-polyrotaxane nanoparticles for anti-inflammatory oxaliplatin(Ⅳ) prodrug delivery and enhanced colorectal cancer therapy

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第4期35卷 280-286页

作者： Wenjia Wang Xingyue He Xiaojie Wang Tiantian Zhao Osamu Muraoka Genzoh Tanabe Weijia Xie Tianjiao Zhou Lei Xing Qingri Jin Hulin Jiang State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing 210009China Faculty of Pharmacy Kinki university HigashiosakaOsaka 577-8502Japan State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines(SKLNM)and Department of Medicinal Chemistry School of PharmacyChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing 210009China school of Pharmacy Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhou 311399China College of Pharmacy Yanbian UniversityYanji 133002China

Oxaliplatin(Oxa) is the first-line chemotherapeutic drug for the treatment of colorectal cancer(CRC). However, long-term Oxa chemotherapy can induce inflammation and increase the levels of cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) and prostaglandin E2(PGE2), which can promote tumor metastasis. Moreover,high glutathione(GSH) levels in CRC cells significantly reduce Oxa sensitivity and seriously restrict the clinical application of Oxa. Herein, an Oxa(Ⅳ) prodrug with anti-inflammatory properties(desmethyl naproxe, DN) and GSH-depleting cyclodextrin pseudo-polyrotaxane carriers were prepared and further self-assembled into micellar nanoparticles(designated DNPt@PPRI). The relesae of DN from DNPt@PPRI can reduce the level of PGE2 to inhibit inflammation and tumor metastasis by decreasing COX-2 protein,and also synergize with Oxa to inhibit tumor. More importantly, GSH depletion can reduce the detoxification of Oxa and further enhance chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. DNPt@PPRI have a good GSH depletion ability to enhance the sensitivity of Oxa, indicating a potential in the synergistic chemotherapy and chemo-sensitization of colorectal cancer.

关键词： Oxaliplatin Glutathione depletion Tetravalent platinum prodrug Synergistic therapy Colorectal cancer

Addressing Japan’s disposal of nuclear-contaminated water from the perspective of international human rights law

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Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2024年第1期22卷 1-9页

作者： Yen-Chiang Chang Xiaonan Zhao Law school Dalian Maritime UniversityDalian 116026China Institute for Bohai and Yellow Sea Studies Dalian Maritime UniversityDalian 116026China

The discharge of nuclear-contaminated water containing radionuclides into the ocean by Japan will lead to its integration into the entire ecosystem through processes of circulation and biomagnification,eventually entering the human body via the food *** poses a substantial risk of irreversible damage to both the ecosystem and human health,a situation that will worsen with the ongoing discharge of such *** respect and protection of human rights represent an international consensus,and safeguarding fundamental human rights is a substantial obligation that states must undertake in accordance with both international and domestic *** the Fukushima nuclear disaster,Japan has continuously violated its international legal obligations to protect human rights in several areas,including the resettlement of disaster victims,the reduction of nuclear radiation levels,and the handling of contaminated *** actions have compromised and will continue to compromise the basic human rights of not only its citizens but also those of people worldwide,including environmental rights,the right to life,development rights,and food *** the aftermath of the Fukushima meltdown,the public and workers involved in handling nuclear contaminants have been continually exposed to high radiation levels,endangering their rights to life,development,and ***’s inadequate efforts in victim resettlement and environmental restoration have jeopardized the environmental and food rights of its citizens to live healthily and access food in an environment unaffected by nuclear *** release of nuclear-contaminated water poses a risk of Japan’s nuclear pollution to the people of neighboring countries and the global population at *** principle of human rights underpins the theory of a community with a shared future for humanity,and human rights are a crucial area of china’s active participation in United Nations affairs and global *** voicing concerns ove

关键词： Fukushima nuclearcontaminated water Crimes against humanity Remedy for violations of human rights Right to environment Right to life

A review of monitoring,calculation,and simulation methods for ground subsidence induced by coal mining

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international Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2023年第3期10卷 1-23页

作者： Yinfei Cai Yutian Jin Zuoyang Wang Tao Chen Yaru Wang Weiyu Kong Wu Xiao Xiaojing Li Xugang Lian Haifeng Hu College of Mining Engineering Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030002China school of public affairs Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China school of public administration Shanxi University of Finance and EconomicsTaiyuan 030024China

Subsidence data acquisition methods are crucial to mining subsidence research and an essential component of achieving the goal of environmentally friendly coal *** origin and history of the existing methods of field monitoring,calcula-tion,and simulation were *** summarized and analyzed the main applications,flaws and solutions,and improve-ments of these *** on this analysis,the future developing directions of subsidence data acquisition methods were prospected and *** subsidence monitoring methods have evolved from conventional ground monitoring to combined methods involving ground-based,space-based,and air-based *** the conventional methods are mature in technology and reliable in accuracy,emerging remote sensing technologies have obvious advantages in terms of reducing field workload and increasing data ***,these remote sensing methods require further technological development to be more suitable for monitoring mining *** existing subsidence calculation methods have been applied to various geological and mining conditions,and many improvements have already been *** the future,more attention should be paid to unifying the studies of calculation methods and mechanical *** simulation methods are quite dependent on the similarity of the model to the site conditions and are generally used as an auxiliary data source for subsidence *** cross-disciplinary studies between subsidence data acquisition methods and other technologies should be given serious consideration,as they can be expected to lead to breakthroughs in areas such as theories,devices,software,and other aspects.

关键词： Mining subsidence Subsidence monitoring Subsidence calculation Subsidence simulation

Increasing Wages,Factor Substitution,and Cropping Pattern Changes in china

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china & World Economy 2023年第5期31卷 190-214页

作者： Zhoufu Yan Shurui Zhang Fangwei Wu Binlei Gong College of Economics and Management Shanghai Ocean UniversityChina. school of Business administration Northeastern UniversityChina Institute for Urban-Rural Development Shanghai University of Finance and EconomicsChina china Academy for Rural Development and school of public affairs Zhejiang UniversityChina

This article analyzed the influence of increasing wages on cropping patterns from theoretical and empirical *** results showed that the increasing labor cost provided a significant incentive to adjust the grain cropping pattern,which increased the production of the three major cereal grains but reduced the production of other grain *** wages had a significant negative impact on cash *** laborintensive cash crops experienced a larger negative impact in the context of increasing *** increase in labor costs also had a negative impact on the proportion of vegetables produced,which was more evident in northern china.A further mechanism test indicated that factor substitution was a significant reason for cropping pattern changes;this illustrated the substitution of labor by machinery not only between grain crops and cash crops but also among different cash crops.

关键词： cropping pattern changes factor substitution increasing wages production transformation

Impact of the Western Pacific Tropical Easterly Jet on Tropical Cyclone Genesis Frequency over the Western North Pacific

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2022年第2期39卷 235-248页

作者： Ruifen ZHAN Yuqing WANG Yihui DING Department of Atmospheric and ocean Sciences Institute of Atmospheric SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai 200438China Shanghai Typhoon Institute of china Meteorological administration Shanghai 200030China Innovation Center of ocean and Atmosphere System Zhuhai Fudan Innovation Research InstituteZhuhai 519055China international Pacific Research Center and Department of Atmospheric Sciences School of Ocean and Earth Science and TechnologyUniversity of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHawaiiHI 96822USA National Climate Center and Laboratory for Climate Studies China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China

Although it is well known that the tropical easterly jet(TEJ)has a significant impact on summer weather and climate over India and Africa,whether the TEJ exerts an important impact on tropical cyclone(TC)activity over the western North Pacific(WNP)remains *** this study,we examined the impact of the TEJ on the interannual variability of TC genesis frequency over the WNP in the TC season(June-September)during *** results show a significant positive correlation between TC genesis frequency over the WNP and the jet intensity in the entrance region of the TEJ over the tropical western Pacific(in brief WP_TEJ),with a correlation coefficient as high as *** intensified WP_TEJ results in strong ageostrophic northerly winds in the entrance region and thus upper-level divergence to the north of the jet axis over the main TC genesis region in the *** would lead to an increase in upward motion in the troposphere with enhanced low-level convergence,which are the most important factors to the increases in low-level vorticity,mid-level humidity and low-level eddy kinetic energy,and the decreases in sea level pressure and vertical wind shear in the *** these changes are favorable for TC genesis over the WNP and vice *** analyses indicate that the interannual variability of the WP_TEJ intensity is likely to be linked to the local diabatic heating over the Indian ocean-western Pacific and the central Pacific El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation.

关键词： tropical cyclones genesis frequency tropical easterly jet western North Pacific