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FlowGANAnomaly: Flow-Based Anomaly Network Intrusion Detection with Adversarial Learning

Chinese Journal of Electronics 2024年第1期33卷 58-71页

作者： Zeyi LI Pan WANG Zixuan WANG school of Computer Science Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications school of Modern Posts Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications school of Internet of Things Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications

In recent years, low recall rates and high dependencies on data labelling have become the biggest obstacle to developing deep anomaly detection(DAD) techniques. Inspired by the success of generative adversarial networks(GANs) in detecting anomalies in computer vision and imaging, we propose an anomaly detection model called Flow GANAnomaly for detecting anomalous traffic in network intrusion detection systems(NIDS). Unlike traditional GAN-based approaches, which are composed of a flow encoder, a convolutional encoder-decoder-encoder, a flow decoder and a convolutional encoder, the architecture of this model consists of a generator(G) and a discriminator(D).Flow GANAnomaly maps the different types of traffic feature data from separate datasets to a uniform feature space,thus can capture the normality of network traffic data more accurately in an adversarial manner to mitigate the problem of the high dependence on data labeling. Moreover, instead of simply detecting the anomalies by the output of D, we proposed a new anomaly scoring method that integrates the deviation between the output of two Gs’ convolutional encoders with the output of D as weighted scores to improve the low recall rate of anomaly detection. We conducted several experiments comparing existing machine learning algorithms and existing deep learning methods(Auto Encoder and VAE) on four public datasets(NSL-KDD, CIC-IDS2017, CIC-DDo S2019, and UNSW-NB15). The evaluation results show that Flow GANAnomaly can significantly improve the performance of anomaly-based NIDS.

关键词： Deep learning Machine learning algorithms Computational modeling Network intrusion detection Imaging Telecommunication traffic Generative adversarial networks

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Dynamic properties of rumor propagation model induced by L´evy noise on social networks

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第9期33卷 223-237页

作者： Ying Jing Youguo Wang Qiqing Zhai Xianli Sun school of Science Nanjing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsNanjing 210023China school of Telecommunication and Information Engineering Nanjing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsNanjing 210023China

Social networks are inevitably subject to disruptions from the physical world,such as sudden internet outages that sever local connections and impede information *** Gaussian white noise,commonly used to simulate stochastic disruptions,only fluctuates within a narrow range around its mean and fails to capture large-scale variations,L´evy noise can effectively compensate for this ***,a susceptible–infected–removed rumor propagation model with L´evy noise is constructed on homogeneous and heterogeneous networks,***,the existence of a global positive solution and the asymptotic path-wise of the solution are derived on heterogeneous networks,and the sufficient conditions of rumor extinction and persistence are ***,theoretical results are verified through numerical calculations and the sensitivity analysis related to the threshold is conducted on the model *** simulation experiments on Watts–Strogatz(WS)and Barab´asi–Albert networks,it is found that the addition of noise can inhibit the spread of rumors,resulting in a stochastic resonance phenomenon,and the optimal noise intensity is obtained on the WS *** validity of the model is verified on three real datasets by particle swarm optimization algorithm.

关键词： rumor propagation model L´evy noise extinction and persistence stochastic resonance

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Dynamic Simulation of Distribution Networks Using Multi-stage Discontinuous Galerkin Method

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2024年第1期10卷 185-196页

作者： Ruizhi Yu Wei Gu Weiqi Liu Peixin Li Wei Liu school of Electrical Engineering Southeast UniversityNanjing 210096China. the school of Electrical Engineering Southeast UniversityNanjing 210096China school of Automation Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing 210094China

Dynamic simulation plays a fundamental role in security evaluation of distribution networks(DNs).However,the strong stiffness and non-linearity of distributed generation(DG)models in DNs bring about burdensome computation and noteworthy instability on traditional methods which hampers the rapid response of simulation ***,a novel L-stable approximate analytical method with high accuracy is proposed to handle these *** method referred to as multistage discontinuous Galerkin method(MDGM),first derives approximate analytical solutions(AASs)of state variables which are explicit symbolic expressions concerning system ***,in each time window,it substitutes values for symbolic variables and trajectories of state variables are obtained *** paper applies MDGM to DG models to derive ***-truncation-error-based variable step size strategy is also developed to further improve simulation *** addition,this paper establishes detailed MDGM-based dynamic simulation *** case studies on a numerical problem,a modified 33-bus system and a practical large-scale DN,it can be seen that proposed method demonstrates fast and dependable performance compared with the traditional trapezoidal method.

关键词： Approximate analytical method distribution network distributed generation dynamic simulation multi-stage discontinuous Galerkin method variable step size

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Tunable topological polaritons by dispersion tailoring of an active metasurface

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Advanced Photonics 2024年第4期6卷 59-69页

作者： Shaojie Wang Ke Chen Shufang Dong Tian Jiang Junming Zhao Yijun Feng nanjing university School of Electronic Science and EngineeringNanjingChina

Hyperbolic polaritons are known to exist in materials with extreme anisotropy,exhibiting exotic optical properties that enable a plethora of unusual phenomena in the fields of polaritonics and ***,achieving simultaneous low-dimensionality,high-speed controllability,and on-demand reconfigurability of the polaritons remains unexplored despite their excellent potential in light-matter interactions,photonic integrated circuits,and optoelectronic ***,we propose a metasurface approach to integrating artificially engineered electromagnetic anisotropy with fast-controllable electronic elements,offering a new route to realize active topological *** showcase the proposed reconfigurable metasurface can support real-time transitions of designer polaritons from elliptical to flat,and then to hyperbolic and circular isofrequency ***,the in-plane surface wavefront undergoes the transitions from convex to collimating,concave,and eventually back to *** exploiting the topological variations in polariton dispersions,we observe intriguing phenomena of controllable field canalization and tunable planar ***,we report the concept of a planar reconfigurable integrated polariton circuit by spatially tailoring the distributions of polariton isofrequency contours,unveiling rich dispersion engineering possibilities and active control *** may provide an inspiring platform for developing planar active plasmonic devices with potential applications in subdiffraction-resolution imaging,sensing,and information processing.

关键词： topological transitions hyperbolic metasurface anisotropic polaritons active tuning dispersion engineering

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Federated Meta Reinforcement Learning for Personalized Tasks

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2024年第3期29卷 911-926页

作者： Wentao Liu Xiaolong Xu Jintao Wu Jielin Jiang school of Computer Science Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China school of Software Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China

As an emerging privacy-preservation machine learning framework,Federated Learning(FL)facilitates different clients to train a shared model collaboratively through exchanging and aggregating model parameters while raw data are kept local and *** this learning framework is applied to Deep Reinforcement Learning(DRL),the resultant Federated Reinforcement Learning(FRL)can circumvent the heavy data sampling required in conventional DRL and benefit from diversified training data,besides privacy preservation offered by *** FRL implementations presuppose that clients have compatible tasks which a single global model can *** practice,however,clients usually have incompatible(different but still similar)personalized tasks,which we called task *** may severely hinder the implementation of FRL for practical *** this paper,we propose a Federated Meta Reinforcement Learning(FMRL)framework by integrating Model-Agnostic Meta-Learning(MAML)and ***,we innovatively utilize Proximal Policy Optimization(PPO)to fulfil multi-step local training with a single round of ***,considering the sensitivity of learning rate selection in FRL,we reconstruct the aggregation optimizer with the Federated version of Adam(Fed-Adam)on the server *** experiments demonstrate that,in different environments,FMRL outperforms other FL methods with high training efficiency brought by Fed-Adam.

关键词： federated learning reinforcement learning meta-learning personalization

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Classification of aviation incident causes using LGBM with improved cross-validation

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Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 2024年第2期35卷 396-405页

作者： NI Xiaomei WANG Huawei CHEN Lingzi LIN Ruiguan school of Civil Aviation Nanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing 211106China school of Aeronautical Engineering Nanjing Vocational University of Industry TechnologyNanjing 210023China

Aviation accidents are currently one of the leading causes of significant injuries and deaths worldwide. This entices researchers to investigate aircraft safety using data analysis approaches based on an advanced machine learning *** assess aviation safety and identify the causes of incidents, a classification model with light gradient boosting machine (LGBM)based on the aviation safety reporting system (ASRS) has been developed. It is improved by k-fold cross-validation with hybrid sampling model (HSCV), which may boost classification performance and maintain data balance. The results show that employing the LGBM-HSCV model can significantly improve accuracy while alleviating data imbalance. Vertical comparison with other cross-validation (CV) methods and lateral comparison with different fold times comprise the comparative approach. Aside from the comparison, two further CV approaches based on the improved method in this study are discussed:one with a different sampling and folding order, and the other with more CV. According to the assessment indices with different methods, the LGBMHSCV model proposed here is effective at detecting incident causes. The improved model for imbalanced data categorization proposed may serve as a point of reference for similar data processing, and the model’s accurate identification of civil aviation incident causes can assist to improve civil aviation safety.

关键词： aviation safety imbalance data light gradient boosting machine(LGBM) cross-validation(CV)

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Optimization Method for Electrical Water Heaters Considering Shifting Potentials of Electricity Consumption and Water-use Activities

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2024年第4期12卷 1250-1259页

作者： Yuqing Bao Zhonghui Zuo Xuehua Wu school of Electrical and Automation Engineering Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210046China school of Electrical Engineering Nanjing Vocational University of Industry TechnologyNanjing 210023China

Electrical water heaters(EWHs)are important can-didates to provide demand-response *** traditional op-timization method for EWHs focuses on the optimization of the electricity consumption,without considering the shifting poten-tial of the water-use *** paper proposes an optimiza-tion method for EWHs considering the shifting potentials of both the electricity consumption and water-use ***-sidering that the water-use activities could be monolithically shifted,the shifting model of the water-use activities was *** addition to the thermodynamic model of the EWH,the optimal scheduling model of the EWH was developed and solved using mixed-integer linear *** studies were performed on a single EWH and aggregate EWHs,demon-strating that the proposed method can shift the water-use activi-ties and therefore increase the load-shifting potential of the EWHs.

关键词： Electrical water heater(EWH) demand response load-shifting water-use activity

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Feature-Grounded Single-Stage Text-to-Image Generation

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2024年第2期29卷 469-480页

作者： Yuan Zhou Peng Wang Lei Xiang Haofeng Zhang school of Artificial Intelligence Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China school of Computer Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing 210094China

Recently,Generative Adversarial Networks(GANs)have become the mainstream text-to-image(T2I)***,a standard normal distribution noise of inputs cannot provide sufficient information to synthesize an image that approaches the ground-truth image ***,the multistage generation strategy results in complex T2I ***,this study proposes a novel feature-grounded single-stage T2I model,which considers the“real”distribution learned from training images as one input and introduces a worst-case-optimized similarity measure into the loss function to enhance the model's generation *** results on two benchmark datasets demonstrate the competitive performance of the proposed model in terms of the Frechet inception distance and inception score compared to those of some classical and state-of-the-art models,showing the improved similarities among the generated image,text,and ground truth.

关键词： text-to-image(T2I) feature-grounded single-stage generation Generative Adversarial Network(GAN)

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Wideband low-scattering metasurface with an in-band reconfigurable transparent window

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第2期33卷 334-341页

作者：朱瑛杨维旭段坤姜田赵俊明陈克冯一军 school of Electronic Science and Engineering Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China

Active metasurfaces with dynamically reconfigurable functionalities are highly demanded in various practical ***,we propose a wideband low-scattering metasurface that can realize an in-band reconfigurable transparent window by altering the operation states of the PIN diodes loaded on the *** metasurface is composed of a band-pass frequency selective surface(FSS)sandwiched between two polarization conversion metasurfaces(PCMs).PIN diodes are integrated into the FSS to switch the transparent window,while a checkerboard configuration is applied in PCMs for the diffusive-reflective function.A sample with 20×20 elements is designed,fabricated,and experimentally *** simulated and measured results show that the in-band functions can be dynamically switched between beam-splitting scattering and high transmission by controlling the biasing states of the diodes,while low backscattering can be attained outside the ***,the resonant structures of FSS also play the role of feeding lines,thus significantly eliminating extra interference compared with conventional feeding *** envision that the proposed metasurface may provide new possibilities for the development of an intelligent stealth platform and its antenna applications.

关键词： metasurface reconfigurable transparent window radar cross section(RCS)reduction

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Distributed Source-Load-Storage Cooperative Low-Carbon Scheduling Strategy Considering Vehicle-to-Grid Aggregators

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2024年第2期12卷 440-453页

作者： Xiao Xu Ziwen Qiu Teng Zhang Hui Gao school of Automation Nanjing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsNanjing210023China

The vehicle-to-grid(V2G)technology enables the bidirectional power flow between electric vehicle(EV)batteries and the power grid,making EV-based mobile energy storage an appealing supplement to stationary energy storage ***,the stochastic and volatile charging behaviors pose a challenge for EV fleets to engage directly in multi-agent *** unlock the scheduling potential of EVs,this paper proposes a source-load-storage cooperative low-carbon scheduling strategy considering V2G *** uncertainty of EV charging patterns is managed through a rolling-horizon control framework,where the scheduling and control horizons are adaptively adjusted according to the availability periods of ***,a Minkowski-sum based aggregation method is employed to evaluate the scheduling potential of aggregated EV fleets within a given scheduling *** method effectively reduces the variable dimension while preserving the charging and discharging constraints of individual ***,a Nash bargaining based cooperative scheduling model involving a distribution system operator(DSO),an EV aggregator(EVA),and a load aggregator(LA)is established to maximize the social welfare and improve the low-carbon performance of the *** model is solved by the alternating direction method of multipliers(ADMM)algorithm in a distributed manner,with privacy of participants fully *** proposed strategy is proven to achieve the objective of low-carbon economic operation.

关键词： Electric vehicle(EV) low-carbon scheduling mobile storage system Nash bargaining power flexibility alternating direction method of multipliers(ADMM).

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