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Experimental determination of heat generation rates of lithium-ion batteries by thermal protection method

Science China Technological Sciences 2024年

作者： SHI JingHe ZHANG HengYun YU Hong WANG XiaoLin 1.school of mechanical and automotive engineering, Shanghai University of engineering Science 2.school of engineering, University of Tasmania school of mechanical and automotive engineering Shanghai University of Engineering Science school of engineering University of Tasmania

Experimental determination of heat generation rates is crucial in the thermal safety design of automotive batteries. A thermal protection method(TPM) is proposed to determine the heat generation rates of 18650 cylindrical lithium-ion batteries under different discharge rates. The physical model based on the thermal protection method is established, and its feasibility is demonstrated through theoretical analysis. In the experimental setup, by introducing lateral thermal protection batteries(TPB) to minimize the heat loss of the center test battery(CTB), heat generation rates of the battery can be obtained based on the temperature change of the CTB. The average heat generation rates of the battery at 1, 2, and 3 C discharge rates are found to be0.255, 0.844, and 1.811 W, respectively, which can be quadratically correlated with the discharge rate. In addition, a benchmark test of the present measurement against the commonly used accelerating rate calorimeter(ARC) was conducted. Relatively small deviations of 3.77%, 4.20%, and 1.09% were identified in the heat generation rates for the discharge rates at 1, 2, and 3 C. In comparison with the ARC equipment, the present TPM can be more representative of the transient battery heat generation characteristics with a much shorter time for thermal equalization. Finally, to further verify the accuracy of the present method,standard samples of the same size as the actual battery were made, which were capable of controlling heat generation through a direct current power supply. A comparison of the heat inputs of the standard sample with the heat generation rates measured by the thermal protection method shows a relative deviation of 1.01% maximum. With high measurement accuracy and an easy-tobuild experimental setup, the proposed method has promising prospects in automotive applications.

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A Deep Learning-Enabled Skin-Inspired Pressure Sensor for Complicated Recognition Tasks with Ultralong Life

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Research 2024年第1期2023卷 443-454页

作者： Yingxi Xie Xiaohua Wu Xiangbao Huang Qinghua Liang Shiping Deng Zeji Wu Yunpeng Yao Longsheng Lu school of mechanical&automotive engineering South China University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina

Flexible full-textile pressure sensor is able to integrate with clothing directly,which has drawn extensive attention from scholars recently.But the realization of flexible full-textile pressure sensor with high sensitivity,wide detection range,and long working life remains challenge.Complex recognition tasks necessitate intricate sensor arrays that require extensive data processing and are susceptible to damage.The human skin is capable of interpreting tactile signals,such as sliding,by encoding pressure changes and performing complex perceptual tasks.Inspired by the skin,we have developed a simple dip-and-dry approach to fabricate a full-textile pressure sensor with signal transmission layers,protective layers,and sensing layers.The sensor achieves high sensitivity(2.16 kPa^(−1)),ultrawide detection range(0 to 155.485 kPa),impressive mechanical stability of 1 million loading/unloading cycles without fatigue,and low material cost.The signal transmission layers that collect local signals enable real-world complicated task recognition through one single sensor.We developed an artificial Internet of Things system utilizing a single sensor,which successfully achieved high accuracy in 4 tasks,including handwriting digit recognition and human activity recognition.The results demonstrate that skin-inspired full-textile sensor paves a promising route toward the development of electronic textiles with important potential in real-world applications,including human–machine interaction and human activity detection.

关键词： Deep Skin utilizing

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A Study of the Effect of the Miller Cycle on the Combustion of a Supercharged Marine Diesel Engine

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Energy engineering 2024年第5期121卷 1363-1380页

作者： Lingjie Zhao Cong Li mechanical and automotive engineering school Shanghai University of Engineering ScienceShanghai201600China

The Miller cycle is a program that effectively reduces NOx emissions from marine diesel engines by lowering the maximum combustion temperature in the cylinder,thereby reducing NOx emissions.To effectively investigate the impact of Miller cycle optimum combustion performance and emission capability under high load conditions,this study will perform a one-dimensional simulation of the performance of a marine diesel engine,as well as a threedimensional simulation of the combustion in the cylinder.A 6-cylinder four-stroke single-stage supercharged diesel engine is taken as the research object.The chassis dynamometer and other related equipment are used to build the test system,carry out the diesel engine bench test,and collect experimental data.The simulation results are compared with the test results,and the error is less than 5%.In this study,the authors will use simulation software to simulate several Miller cycle scenarios designed for early inlet valve closure and analyze the impact of the Miller cycle on combustion and emissions at 100%load conditions.By comparing the flow field distribution of the engine at 1500 r/min condition,it was found that proper EIVC can prolong the ignition latency period and homogeneous fuel-air mixture combustion acceleration,but it can reduce pressure and temperature within the piston chamber and NOx emission.However,the Miller cycle reduces end-of-compression temperatures,which increases combustion duration and exhaust temperatures,making it difficult to improve fuel economy at the optimum fuel consumption point,and closing the intake valves prematurely leads to excessive fuel expenditure.Furthermore,temperature and heat release rate within the piston chamber,NOx,and SOOT generation were significantly enhanced.

关键词： Miller cycle EIVC combustion NOx emissions marine diesel

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On the electric behaviour of conductive grease inside the contact zone

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Friction 2024年第4期12卷 683-697页

作者： Yuxin ZHOU Jinjie LIU Xinming LI He CHONG Bo HAN Qinghua BAI SKF(Shanghai)automotive Technologies Co. Ltd.Shanghai 201814China school of mechanical and automotive engineering Qingdao University of TechnologyQingdao 266250China

Conductive grease has been considered as a potential solution in addressing electric erosion issue inside motor bearings.Understanding the conductive grease performance,especially the electric and tribological behaviour is crucial for its application.This paper combines bulk grease characterization and contact film study considering both electrical and tribological loading conditions.The results show that the electric performance for the selected conductive grease sample is electric field dependent,including both frequency and voltage amplitude.Its film impedance inside the contact area is closely related to the external electric field,running condition,and lubrication regime.The following film impedance calculation tells that not only bulk grease electric parameters,but the contact parameter,lubricant film contour and lubrication condition should be considered when performing the overall bearing electrical modelling.

关键词： Electric erosion lubricant conductivity grease film impedance

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Revolution and challenges in machining processing aimed at carbon reduction

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Frontiers of mechanical engineering 2024年第1期19卷 1-3页

作者： Changhe LI school of mechanical and automotive engineering Qingdao University of TechnologyQingdao 266520China

The widespread use of cutting fluids during machining can effectively reduce machining temperatures,thereby solving the problem of part burns at the boundary of high thermal coupling.Cutting fluids have been extensively used in the manufacturing industry for hundreds of years;thus,the global annual consumption of cutting fluids exceeds 4 million tons.However,most of these cutting fluids are mineral oil-based emulsions,which are not environmentally friendly and renewable,which makes their use a huge challenge for sustainable manufacturing.

关键词： hundreds thereby machining

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ST-LaneNet: Lane Line Detection Method Based on Swin Transformer and LaneNet

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Chinese Journal of mechanical engineering 2024年第1期37卷 130-145页

作者： Yufeng Du Rongyun Zhang Peicheng Shi Linfeng Zhao Bin Zhang Yaming Liu school of mechanical engineering Anhui Polytechnic UniversityWuhu 241000China automotive New Technology Anhui engineering and Technology Research Center Anhui Polytechnic UniversityWuhu 241000China school of automotive and Transportation engineering Hefei University of TechnologyHefei 230009China

The advancement of autonomous driving heavily relies on the ability to accurate lane lines detection.As deep learning and computer vision technologies evolve,a variety of deep learning-based methods for lane line detection have been proposed by researchers in the field.However,owing to the simple appearance of lane lines and the lack of distinctive features,it is easy for other objects with similar local appearances to interfere with the process of detecting lane lines.The precision of lane line detection is limited by the unpredictable quantity and diversity of lane lines.To address the aforementioned challenges,we propose a novel deep learning approach for lane line detection.This method leverages the Swin Transformer in conjunction with LaneNet(called ST-LaneNet).The experience results showed that the true positive detection rate can reach 97.53%for easy lanes and 96.83%for difficult lanes(such as scenes with severe occlusion and extreme lighting conditions),which can better accomplish the objective of detecting lane lines.In 1000 detection samples,the average detection accuracy can reach 97.83%,the average inference time per image can reach 17.8 ms,and the average number of frames per second can reach 64.8 Hz.The programming scripts and associated models for this project can be accessed openly at the following GitHub repository:https://***/Duane 711/Lane-line-detec tion-ST-LaneNet.

关键词： Autonomous driving Lane line detection Deep learning Swin transformer

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Wearable multilead ECG sensing systems using on-skin stretchable and breathable dry adhesives

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Bio-Design and Manufacturing 2024年第2期7卷 167-180页

作者： Yingxi Xie Longsheng Lu Wentao Wang Huan Ma school of mechanical and automotive engineering South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510641China College of automotive and mechanical engineering Changsha University of Science and TechnologyChangsha 410114China Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute Guangdong Provincial People’s HospitalGuangzhou 510080China

Electrocardiogram(ECG)monitoring is used to diagnose cardiovascular diseases,for which wearable electronics have attracted much attention due to their lightweight,comfort,and long-term use.This study developed a wearablemultilead ECG sensing system with on-skin stretchable and conductive silver(Ag)-coated fiber/silicone(AgCF-S)dry adhesives.Tangential and normal adhesion to pigskin(0.43 and 0.20 N/cm2,respectively)was optimized by the active control of fiber density and mixing ratio,resulting in close contact in the electrode–skin interface.The breathableAgCF-S dry electrodewas nonallergenic after continuous fit for 24 h and can be reused/cleaned(>100 times)without loss of adhesion.The AgCF encapsulated inside silicone elastomers was overlapped to construct a dynamic network under repeated stretching(10%strain)and bending(90°)deformations,enabling small intrinsic impedance(0.3,0.1 Hz)and contact impedance variation(0.7 k)in high-frequency vibration(70 Hz).All hard/soft modules of the multilead ECG system were integrated into lightweight clothing and equipped with wireless transmission for signal visualization.By synchronous acquisition of I–III,aVR,aVL,aVF,and V4 lead data,the multilead ECG sensing system was suitable for various scenarios,such as exercise,rest,and sleep,with extremely high signal-to-noise ratios.

关键词： Multilead electrocardiogram Dry electrodes Wearable electronics Wireless transmission

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Effect of Pre-strain on Microstructure and Stamping Performance of High-strength Low-alloy Steel

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science) 2024年第3期39卷 774-780页

作者：刘坡 WEN Zhicheng LIU Zheng 许峰 school of mechanical engineering Guilin University of Aerospace TechnologyGuilin 541004China school of automotive Engineer-ing Changshu Institute of TechnologyChangshu 215500China

In this study,pre-strain ranging from 0 to 0.12 was applied through uniaxial tension on high-strength low-alloy(HSLA)specimens with four kinds of grain size.Effect of pre-strain and grain size on me-chanical property was investigated through tensile tests.Microstructures of the pre-strained and tensile tested samples were analyzed,respectively.The 30.8°v-bending and following flattening,as well as Erichson cupping tests,were performed on the pre-strained samples.Results show the elongation ratio of grain and dislocation density increases with pre-strain.Yielding platform is removed when pre-strain is larger than 0.06 while yielding plateau period decreases with pre-strain less than 0.06 due to reduction of pinning effect.The 30.8°v-bending and the following flattening tests are successfully accomplished on all the pre-strained samples with different grain size.Decrease in grain size,along with increase in pre-strain,causes increase in strength and decrease in elongation rate as well as cupping value.Pre-strain causes very slight effect on bending ability,much less than that on mechanical property and cupping test value.Reciprocal impact of the pre-strain and grain size on HSLA steel deformability is inconspicuous.

关键词： strain hardening dislocation texture bending erichson cupping test

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Forming method of axial micro grooves inside copper heat pipe

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 2008年第5期18卷 1229-1233页

作者：李勇肖慧练彬汤勇曾志新 school of mechanical and automotive engineering South China University of Technology

The high-speed oil-filled ball spinning and drawing process was put forward to manufacture the axially grooved heat pipe with highly efficient heat-transfer performance,and the forming mechanism of micro-grooves inside the pipe was investigated.The key factors influencing the configurations of micro-grooves were analyzed.When the spinning depth varies between 0.4 mm and 0.5 mm,drawing speed varies from 200 mm/min to 450 mm/min,rotary speed is beyond 6 000 r/min and working temperature is less than 50 ℃,the grooved tubes are formed with high quality and efficiency.The ball spinning process uses full oil-filling method to set up the steady dynamic oil-film that reduces the drawing force and improves the surface quality of grooved copper tube.

关键词：球形旋压轧槽热导管紧轴

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Research on Anthropomorphic Obstacle Avoidance Trajectory Planning for Adaptive Driving Scenarios Based on Inverse Reinforcement Learning Theory

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engineering 2024年第2期33卷 133-145页

作者： Jian Wu Yang Yan Yulong Liu Yahui Liu school of mechanical and automotive engineering Liaocheng UniversityLiaocheng 252000China 2 school of Vehicle and Mobility Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

The forward design of trajectory planning strategies requires preset trajectory optimization functions,resulting in poor adaptability of the strategy and an inability to accurately generate obstacle avoidance trajectories that conform to real driver behavior habits.In addition,owing to the strong time-varying dynamic characteristics of obstacle avoidance scenarios,it is necessary to design numerous trajectory optimization functions and adjust the corresponding parameters.Therefore,an anthropomorphic obstacle-avoidance trajectory planning strategy for adaptive driving scenarios is proposed.First,numerous expert-demonstrated trajectories are extracted from the HighD natural driving dataset.Subsequently,a trajectory expectation feature-matching algorithm is proposed that uses maximum entropy inverse reinforcement learning theory to learn the extracted expert-demonstrated trajectories and achieve automatic acquisition of the optimization function of the expert-demonstrated trajectory.Furthermore,a mapping model is constructed by combining the key driving scenario information that affects vehicle obstacle avoidance with the weight of the optimization function,and an anthropomorphic obstacle avoidance trajectory planning strategy for adaptive driving scenarios is proposed.Finally,the proposed strategy is verified based on real driving scenarios.The results show that the strategy can adjust the weight distribution of the trajectory optimization function in real time according to the“emergency degree”of obstacle avoidance and the state of the vehicle.Moreover,this strategy can generate anthropomorphic trajectories that are similar to expert-demonstrated trajectories,effectively improving the adaptability and acceptability of trajectories in driving scenarios.

关键词： Obstacle avoidance trajectory planning Inverse reinforcement theory Anthropomorphic Adaptive driving scenarios

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