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Cetacean occurrence and diversity in whale-watching waters off Mirissa,southern Sri Lanka

Integrative Zoology 2021年第4期16卷 462-476页

作者： Dissanayake Mudiyanselage Rajitha SANKALPA Elle Pathirathnalage Darshana Nuwan THILAKARATHNE Wenzhi LIN Vidusanka THILAKANAYAKA Chathurika Piumi KUMARASINGHE Mingming LIU Mingli LIN Songhai LI Marine Mammal and Marine Bioacoustics Laboratory Institute of Deep-sea Science and EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesSanyaChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences BeijingChina Department of Animal Science Faculty of Animal Science and Export AgricultureUva Wellassa UniversitySri Lanka south China Sea institute of Oceanology Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina Department of Oceanography and Marine Geology Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences and TechnologyUniversity of RuhunaWellamadamaMataraSri Lanka

Scientific information is vital to the conservation of cetaceans and the management of whale-watching *** southern coastal waters of Sri Lanka are near a narrow continental shelf and biologically abundant in cetacean *** the occurrence of cetaceans has been investigated in certain waters of Sri Lanka,few surveys have been conducted along the southern *** fill this gap,we conducted boat-based surveys from January to May 2017 to investigate the occurrence,diversity,and behavior of cetaceans in the waters off Mirissa,covering a survey area of 788.9 *** 55 survey days,we recorded a total of 242 cetacean sightings and identified at least 9 species(3 mysticetes and 6 odontocetes).The blue whale was the most common mysticete species(167 of 174 mysticete encounters),followed by the Omura’s whale(4 of 174)and Bryde’s whale(3 of 174).The spinner dolphin was the most common odontocete species(28 of 68 odontocete encounters),followed by the sperm whale(18 of 68),common bottlenose dolphin(13 of 68),short-finned pilot whale(5 of 68),melon-headed whale(2 of 68),and killer *** whales and sperm whales exhibited a clear preference for outer shelf and high slope areas,and blue whales were observed feeding along these *** present study provides near-baseline information on cetacean occurrence and diversity in whale-watching waters off southern Sri Lanka,and highlights the urgent need for proper management strategies for whale-watching activities.

关键词： cetaceans diversity index dolphins Sri Lanka whale-watching

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Plant-available water capacity of soils at a regional scale:Analysis of fixed and dynamic field capacities

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Pedosphere 2024年第3期34卷 590-605页

作者： Vinod PHOGAT Paul RPETRIE Casandra COLLINS Marcos BONADA south Australian Research and Development institute GPO Box 397Adelaide SA 5001(Australia) School of Agriculture Food and WineWaite Research InstituteUniversity of AdelaideWaite CampusPMB1Glen Osmond SA 5064(Australia) College of Science and Engineering Flinders UniversityBedford Park SA 5042(Australia) The University of New south Wales Sydney NSW 2052(Australia) ARC Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production University of AdelaidePMB1Glen Osmond SA 5064(Australia)

Estimation of the plant-available water capacity(PAWC)of soils at a regional scale helps in adopting better land use planning,developing suitable irrigation schedules for crops,and optimizing the use of scarce water *** the current study,72 soil profiles were sampled from the Barossa region of south Australia to estimate pedo-transfer functions deduced from easily estimated soil *** functions were then used to estimate the fixed(10 and 33 kPa)and dynamic pressure head(h_(fc))water contents at field capacity(FC)for minimum drainage flux(0.01 and 0.001 cm d^(-1)),which serves as the upper boundary for plant-available water in *** estimated residual water content was corrected for subsoil constraints,especially the exchangeable sodium percentage(ESP).The results showed that the mean values of h_(fc)in sand-dominated light and medium textured soils(i.e.,sand,loamy sand,sandy loam,and loam)varied in a narrow range(15.8-18.2 kPa),whereas those in the clay-dominated heavy textured soils(i.e.,clay loam)showed a wide range(11.3-49.3 kPa).There were large differences in PAWC for dynamic FC(PAWC_(fc))and fixed FC at 10 kPa(PAWC10),33 kPa(PAWC33),and a mix of 10and 33 kPa(PAWC_(10,33))pressure heads depending on soil ***,the difference between PAWC at 10 kPa and h_(fc)(ΔPAWC_(10))was positive,whereas that between 33 kPa and h_(fc)(ΔPAWC_(33))was negative across all ***,the estimation of PAWC assuming a fixed FC at 10 and 33 kPa pressures(i.e.,PAWC_(10,33))for sandy,clay,and silty soils reduced the difference between fixed and dynamic pressure PAWCs to<10% across the *** estimation of PAWC was improved by incorporating the impact of subsoil constraints,such as high ESP,which was more pronounced for clay and silty *** findings demonstrate the inherent inconsistencies between static pressure and flux-based dynamic FC estimations in *** heterogeneity,intra-texture variability,subsoil constraints,and swell

关键词： crop lower limit drained upper limit pedo-transfer function soil hydraulic parameter soil texture

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A memristive-photoconductive transduction methodology for accurately nondestructive memory readout

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第9期13卷 1801-1808页

作者： Zhe Zhou Yueyue Wu Keyuan Pan Duoyi Zhu Zifan Li Shiqi Yan Qian Xin Qiye Wang Xinkai Qian Fei Xiu Wei Huang Juqing Liu Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics(KLOFE)&institute of Advanced Materials(IAM) Nanjing Tech University(NanjingTech)30 South Puzhu RoadNanjing 211816China Shandong Technology Center of Nanodevices and Integration School of MicroelectronicsShandong UniversityJinan 250100China Shaanxi institute of Flexible Electronics(SIFE) Northwestern Polytechnical University(NPU)127 West Youyi RoadXi’an 710072China

Crossbar resistive memory architectures enable high-capacity storage and neuromorphic computing,accurate retrieval of the stored information is a prerequisite during read ***,conventional electrical readout normally suffer from complicated process,inaccurate and destructive reading due to crosstalk effect from sneak path *** we report a memristive-photoconductive transduction(MPT)methodology for precise and nondestructive readout in a memristive crossbar *** individual devices present dynamic filament form/fuse for resistance modulation under electric stimulation,which leads to photogenerated carrier transport for tunable photoconductive response under subsequently light pulse *** coherent signal transduction can be used to directly detect the memorized on/off states stored in each cell,and a prototype 4*4 crossbar memories has been constructed and validated for the fidelity of crosstalk-free readout in recall process.

关键词： crosstalk precise enable

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Stress release in high-capacity flexible lithium-ion batteries through nested wrinkle texturing of graphene

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2021年第10期30卷 243-249,I0008页

作者： Jing Chen Lei Wen Ruopian Fang Da-Wei Wang Hui-Ming Cheng Feng Li Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016LiaoningChina School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026.AnhuiChina School of Chemical Engineering The University of New South WalesSydney 2052Australia Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen institute Tsinghua UniversityShenzhen 518055GuangdongChina

Flexible lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)are critical for the development of next-generation smart *** reaction-based electrodes have been considered promising to construct high energy-density flexible LIBs,which satisfy the ever-increasing demand for practical ***,these electrodes suffer from inferior lithium-storage performance and structural instability during deformation and long-term lithiation/*** are caused by the sluggish reaction kinetics of active-materials and the superposition of responsive strains originating from the large lithiation-induced stress and applied ***,we propose a stress-release strategy through elastic responses of nested wrinkle texturing of graphene,to achieve high deformability while maintaining structural integrity upon prolonged cycles within high-capacity *** wrinkles endow the electrode with a robust and flexible network for effective stress *** resulting electrode shows large reversible stretchability,along with excellent electrochemical performance including high specific capacity,high-rate capability and long-term cycling *** strategy offers a new way to obtain high-performance flexible electrodes and can be extended to other energy-storage devices.

关键词： Wrinkling graphene Structural design Stress release High-capacity active material Flexible electrodes

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Oxidation behavior of boron-containing(Zr,Ti)C_(x)B_(y)solid solution ceramics at 1600℃in air

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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2023年第10期12卷 1989-2002页

作者： Huilin Lun Yi Zeng Xiang Xiong Houbu Li State Key Laboratory of Performance and Structural Safety for Petroleum Tubular Goods and Equipment Materials CNPC Tubular Goods Research InstituteXi’an 710077China State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China Key Laboratory of Petroleum Tubular Goods and Equipment Ouality Safety for State Market Regulation CNPC Tubular Goods Research InstituteXi’an 710077China

Multicomponent boron-containing carbide coatings(i.e.,(Zr,Ti)C_(x)B_(y))on a C/C composite show good ablation ***,the high-temperature oxidation behavior of this new type of boron-containing(Zr,Ti)C_(x)B_(y)solid solution ceramics has not been clarified *** present work fabricated(Zr,Ti)C_(x)B_(y)solid solution block ceramics by spark plasma sintering,and their oxidation behavior at 1600℃in air(N2–20-vol%O2)was investigated for the first *** effects of boron on the oxidation resistance of(Zr,Ti)C_(x)B_(y)ceramics were *** results indicate that the(Zr,Ti)C_(x)B_(y)ceramics display good oxidation resistance with the parabolic rate law describing the oxidation *** the trace solution of boron(0.5 wt%)into(Zr,Ti)Cx,the oxidation resistance of carbide ceramics is significantly enhanced,leading to a decrease of 30%in the oxidation rate *** formed oxide scale in the(Zr,Ti)C_(x)B_(y)ceramics is dense,and the interlayer shows stronger ability to inhibit inward diffusion of *** addition,the introduction of boron leads to more negative binding energy of(Zr,Ti)C_(x)B_(y)and improves the oxidation resistance of carbides.

关键词： ultra-high-temperature ceramics(UHTCs) (Zr,Ti)CxBy solid solution oxidation behavior oxidation resistance

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Species Composition and Gear Characteristics of the Macrobrachium Fishery of the Cross River Estuary,Nigeria

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2010年第1期9卷 71-75页

作者： Francis M.Nwosu institute of Oceanography University of CalabarPMB 1115CalabarNigeria Geospatial Analytics Laboratory 103 PNM BuildingUniversity of South FloridaSt.Petersburg140 Seventh Ave South St.PetersburgFL 33701USA

The Cross River Estuary,Nigeria,is an important shrimping area for artisanal fishermen of the coastal *** multi-species Macrobrachium fishery is exploited with three main gears,namely beach seine,push net and *** on species composition of this fishery recorded thirteen shrimp species,one swimming crab (Callinectes amnicola) and two fish species (Eleotris *** Pellonula leonensis).The shrimp species identified included Macrobrachium macrobrachion (83.39% and 55.69% by number and weight,respectively),*** (9.66% and 37.18%),*** (3.8% and 2.87%),juveniles-sub-adults of Penaeus notialis (1.11% and 1.3%),***,***,Palaemonetes africanus,Palaemon maculatus,Palaemon elegans,Desmocaris sp.,Leander sp.,Nematopalaemon hastatus and Alpheus *** the selectivity index for trap was 0.25,beach seine and push net had a lower index of *** results present the first comprehensive and representative report for the Estuary shrimp fishery and will assist in the management of the biodiversity of this ecosystem.

关键词： species composition gear characteristics Macrobrachium fishery Cross River Estuary, Nigeria

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Gravitational Field of Moving Masses with Symmetrical Transformation for Relative Motion

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Journal of Modern Physics 2017年第12期8卷 2059-2076页

作者： Fengyi Huang institute of Information Science and Engineering South-East University Nanjing China

A symmetrical transformation is constructed to analyze the gravitational interactions between two fast moving masses based on the retarded potential without resorting to general relativity. The anomalous precession of the perihelion of orbital stars or planets can be explained with the same results as given by general relativity. By introducing an effective mass for photons, the gravity-induced frequency shift and light deflection in the trajectory by the gravity are derived, which can be reduced to the results based on general relativity under special conditions. The gravity-induced time delay of radar signals and gravitational radiations from binary pulsars are analyzed. The symmetrical transformation between two moving coordinates under zero gravity will also be discussed.

关键词： Gravity Retarded Potential Symmetrical Transformation Light Deflection Anomalous Precession

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A new method for spatio-temporal prediction of rainfall-induced landslide

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Science China Earth Sciences 2006年第4期49卷 421-430页

作者： DING Jixin1,2, YANG Zhifa2, SHANG Yanjun2, ZHOU Shenghua1 & YIN Juntao3 1. China Non-ferrous Metals Resource Geological Survey, Beijing 100012, China 2. institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering Geomechanics, Beijing 100029, China 3. School of Geoscience & Environmental Engineering, Central south University, Changsha 410083, China China Non-ferrous Metals Resource Geological Survey Beijing China institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Engineering Geomechanics Beijing China School of Geoscience & Environmental Engineering Central South University Changsha China

Geological condition and rainfall are two most principal conditions inducing landslides in the Chongqing region. By analyzing the forming conditions of rainfall-induced landslides, a new method for spatio-temporal prediction of rainfall-induced landslide is brought forward on the basis of grading and overlapping geological condition and rainfall factor in this paper. At first, semi-quantitative assessment and grading for the geological condition of a certain area or slope can be carried out with the multi-factor interactive matrix. Then the severity of rainfall in that area is grading according to the maximum daily rainfall and the total rainfall in a rainfall course. Finally, the “landslide probability judgement factor” can be worked out through grading and overlapping “geological condition influenc- ing factor” and “rainfall influencing factor”, by which the landslide can be graded into 4 grades, they are landslide extremely easily happening, landslide easily happening, landslide difficultly happening and landslide hardly ever happening respectively. More accurate spatio-temporal prediction of rain- fall-induced landslides can come true on the ground of detailed geological survey of some dangerous slopes in an area and more precise weather forecast. Finally, the reliability and feasibility of carrying out the spatio-temporal prediction of rainfall-induced landslides with the method of “two factors” grading and overlapping are validated by the example of Jipazi landslide.

关键词： rainfall-induced landslide, geological condition, rainfall, two factors, grading and overlapping, interactive matrix, spatio-temporal prediction.

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Chromium transformation driven by iron redox cycling in basalt-derived paddy soil with high geological background values

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第3期125卷 470-479页

作者： Ke Zhang Yang Yang Wenting Chi Guojun Chen Yanhong Du Shiwen Hu Fangbai Li Tongxu Liu Guangzhou institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510640China National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in south China Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and ManagementInstitute of Eco-environmental and Soil SciencesGuangdong Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510650China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

The flooding and drainage of paddy fields has great effects on the transformation of heavy metals, however, the transformation of Cr in basalt-derived paddy soil with high geological background values was less recognized. The typical basalt-derived paddy soil was incubated under alternating redox conditions. The Cr fractions and the dynamics of Fe/N/S/C were examined. The HCl-extractable Cr increased under anaerobic condition and then decreased during aerobic stage. The UV-vis spectra of the supernatant showed that amounts of colloids were released under anaerobic condition, and then re-aggregated during aerobic phase. The scanning transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) revealed that Fe oxides were reduced and became dispersed during anaerobic stage, whereas Fe(Ⅱ) was oxidized and recrystallized under aerobic condition. Based on these results, a kinetic model was established to further distinguish the relationship between the transformation of Cr and Fe. During anaerobic phase, the reduction of Fe(Ⅲ) oxides not only directly released the structurally bound Cr, but also enhanced the breakdown of soil aggregation and dissolution of organic matter causing indirect mobilization of Cr. During aerobic phase, the oxidation of Fe (Ⅱ) and further recrystallization of newly formed Fe(Ⅲ) oxides might induce the re-aggregation of soil colloids and further incorporation of Cr. In addition,the kinetic model of Cr and Fe transformation was further verified in the pot *** model-based findings demonstrated that the Cr transformation in the basalt-derived paddy soil with high geological background values was highly driven by redox sensitive iron cycling.

关键词： Chromium Paddy soil Iron oxides Redox High geological background

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Flexural Bond Behavior of Rebar in Ultra-High Performance Concrete Beams Considering Lap-Splice Length and Cover Depth

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Engineering（科研） 2016年第3期8卷 116-129页

作者： Seongjun Kim Jungwoo Lee Changbin Joh Imjong Kwahk Korea institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology Goyang South Korea

This study intends to find out the correlation between the cover depth and the bond characteristics of UHPC through pull-out tests of UHPC specimens with different cover depths and bond tests of rebar using flexural members. In this experimental study, specimens are fabricated with the lap-splice length as test variable in relation with the calculation of the lap-splice length for 180- MPa UHPC. Moreover, specimens are also fabricated with the cover depth as test variable to evaluate the effect of the cover depth on the UHPC flexural members. The load-displacement curves are analyzed for each of these test variables to compute the lap-splice length proposed in the K-UHPC structural design guideline and to evaluate the influence of the cover depth on the flexural members. As a result, the stability of the structural behavior can be significantly enhanced by increasing slightly the cover depth specification of the current UHPC Structure Design Guideline from the maximum value between 1.5 times of rebar diameter and 20 mm to the maximum value between 1.5 times of rebar diameter and 25 mm.

关键词： Bond Behavior Ultra High Performance Concrete (UHPC) Lap-Splice Length Cover Depth Flexural Bond Test Full-Out Test

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