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Mechanical robust and self-healing flexible perovskite solar cells with efficiency exceeding 23%

Science China Chemistry 2024年第8期67卷 2670-2678页

作者： Yaohua Wang Ruikun Cao Yuanyuan Meng Bin Han Ruijia Tian Xiaoyi Lu Zhenhua Song Shuncheng Yang Congda Lu Chang Liu Ziyi Ge College of Mechanical Engineering Zhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou 310014China zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices Ningbo Institute of Materials TechnologyEngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesNingbo 315201China Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049China

Flexible perovskite solar cells(f-PSCs) have experienced rapid advancements due to the light-weight, flexibility, and solution processability of the perovskite materials, which prompted the power conversion efficiency(PCE) to 24.08%. However, f-PSCs still face challenges in terms of mechanical and environmental stability. This is primarily due to their inherent brittleness, the presence of residual tensile strain, and the high density of defects along the boundaries of perovskite grains. To this end, we carefully developed a cross-linkable elastomers 3-[(3-acrylamidopropyl)dimethylammonium] propanoate(ADP) with electrostatic dynamic bond, which could be in-situ cross-linked and coordinate with [Pb I6]4-to regulate the crystallization process of perovskite. The cross-linked elastomers attached to the perovskite grain boundaries could release the remaining tensile strains and mechanical stresses, leading to enhanced stability and flexibility of the f-PSCs. More importantly, the electrostatic interaction between positive and negative groups of cross-linked elastomers and hydrogen bond formation between N–H and C=O accelerate the cross-linking of ADP, endowing the flexible perovskite films with self-healing ability under mild treating conditions(60 °C for 30 min). As a result, the device achieves a remarkable PCE of 23.53%(certified 23.16%). Additionally, the device exhibits impressive mechanical sustainability and durability, retaining over 90% of initial PCE even after undergoing8,000 bending cycles.

关键词： Mechanical robust and self-healing flexible perovskite solar cells with efficiency exceeding 23

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Thermo-and pH-sensitive Polymer with Pendant Spacer-linked Imidazole Cycles

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2024年第4期42卷 437-445页

作者： Natalya V.Zakharova Stanislav N.Zelinskiy Mariya S.Strelova Elena N.Danilovtseva Vadim V.Annenkov institute of Macromolecular Compounds of the Russian academy of sciences Saint Petersburg199004Russia Limnological institute of Siberian Branch of the Russian academy of sciences Irkutsk664033Russia

By the reaction of poly(acryloyl chloride) with N-(3-aminopropyl)imidazole, poly(N-(3-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)propyl)acrylamide) was synthesized. The new polymer contains an imidazole ring removed from the main chain by a spacer of five bonds. The structure and purity, molecular weight, hydrodynamic and thermosensitive properties of the obtained sample were studied by1H-and13C-NMR, FTIR spectroscopy, acid-base titration, light scattering, turbidimetry and viscometry. The observed ability of the imidazole-containing polymer to form and destroy associates in water-salt solutions at pH 6.6-7.4 and temperatures of 29-48℃ indicates that these are promising candidates for designing complex biomedical systems. The new polymer is able to form complexes with oligo-DNA more actively than poly(1-vinylimidazole), which is of interest for gene delivery applications. The polymer cross-linked with epichlorohydrin gives micro-relief coatings on the plastic surface, and the modified surface is able to attach negatively charged objects. This thermo-and pH-sensitive polymer modification can be applied to create finely controlled surfaces for cell culturing.

关键词： Imidazole-containing polymer Thermolability pH-sensitivity The modified surface DNA immobilization

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Screening current in ultra-high-field non-insulated superconducting magnets

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Science China(Technological sciences) 2024年第7期67卷 2255-2273页

作者： ZHOU BenZhe WANG Lei CHEN Yong WANG QiuLiang WANG KangShuai ZHANG ZiLi LIU JianHua University of Chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049China institute of Electrical Engineering Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

Screening current is recognized as one of the critical elements limiting the progression of superconducting magnets toward achieving higher magnetic fields. Currently, most non-insulated(NI) superconducting magnets consider the magnet as insulated when addressing the issue of screening current. However, the bypass current in the NI magnet can modify the actual history of magnetization, so the screening current in NI magnet will be different from that in the insulated magnet. This paper presents a novel method based on the homogenized T-A formulation(T is the current vector potential, and A is the magnetic vector potential), which enables real-time simulation of both the bypass current behavior and the implications of screening current in NI superconducting magnets, even when these magnets contain tens of thousands of turns. We have developed a 32 T NI hybrid superconducting magnet and validated the effectiveness of this method through experiments. Employing this efficacious method,we conducted a comprehensive calculation of screening current in NI magnets, comparing them with insulated magnets in terms of screening current-induced stress(SCIS), screening current-induced field(SCIF), and losses. The results indicate that in the NI insert coils, the sequential excitation of background coils and insert coils induces a reverse screening current, resulting in slightly lower SCIF and SCIS compared to those in the insulated magnets. The method and results can contribute to the enhancement of magnet design and provide valuable insights for the development of ultra-high fields(UHF) NI magnets.

关键词： ultra-high-field superconducting magnet screening current REBCO coil NI coil stress loss

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Flame Synthesis of Zr/ZSM-5 Catalysts with Tunable Acidity for the Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Propane to Propene

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第1期33卷 268-283页

作者： DANIEL Samuel FONZEU MONGUEN Cedric Karel WU Lingnan TIAN Zhenyu institute of Engineering Thermophysics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China University of Chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049China

Tuning the surface acidity of ZSM-5 catalyst is essential to achieve desired propene selectivity and *** several ratios of Zr were utilized to modify ZSM-5 via flame spray pyrolysis technique coupled with a pulse spray evaporation *** interaction between Zr and ZSM-5 in the flame influenced the physicochemical and acidity properties of the Zr/*** increasing Zr ratio in ZSM-5 shows coated layers of irregular nano-sized Zr with an increase in crystallite sizes due to the synergetic effect between Zr and *** surface chemical analysis revealed increased lattice oxygen on the Zr modified ZSM-5(1:4) sample compared to other *** acidity analysis revealed the Lewis and Br?nsted acid distribution in the weak and medium acid sites on the catalyst ***,the increase in Zr loading decreased the concentration of Br?nsted acid sites and tuned the catalyst surface to more Lewis acidity,promoting propene selectivity and hindering the over-oxidation of *** modified ZSM-5 catalysts were examined in a fixed bed reactor within 300℃-700℃ at a gas hourly space velocity(GHSV) of 6000 mL·g(catalysts)^(-1)·h^(-1) for the oxidative dehydrogenation of propane(ODHP) to *** the catalysts,Zr/ZSM-5(1:4) exhibited the best propene yield, with 57.19% propane conversion and 75.54% selectivity to propene and the highest *** work provides a promising strategy for tuning the surface acidity of ZSM-5 with Zr for ODHP applications.

关键词： flame synthesis Zr modified ZSM-5 catalyst ODHP surface acidity lattice oxygen

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Friction between Strongly Compressed Polymer Brushes

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2024年第9期42卷 1368-1374,I0008页

作者： Qi Liao institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of SciencesBejing 100190China

We present the results of molecular dynamics simulations of steady shear between a pair of neutral polymer brushes,as well as a pair of charged polymer brushes in the strongly compressed *** results of the molecular dynamic simulations of neutral and polyelectrolyte brushes in implicit solvent including normal forces,shear forces,viscosities and friction coefficients as a function of separation between brushes,are presented in the *** comparison of the simulation results of neutral and charged brushes shows that the charged brushes is in the quasi-neutral regime,and the dependence of viscosity on the separation distance show the similar power law of neutral *** simulation results confirm that the implicit solvent simulations of polyelectrolyte brushes that ignore hydrodynamics interaction are in agreement with the scaling predictions qualitatively because of screening of hydrodynamic interaction and long-range electrostatic interactions on the correlation length *** of neutral and charged brushes show the lubrication properties that the friction coefficient decreases with the separation decreases at enough large ***,a maximum of friction coefficients is observed for polyelectrolyte brushes,which is in contrast to the neutral brushes with monotonical dependence.

关键词： Polymer brush Frictions coefficient Polyelectrolyte Lubrication

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Advancing space-based gravitational wave astronomy: Rapid parameter estimation via normalizing flows

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第3期67卷 20-33页

作者： Minghui Du Bo Liang He Wang Peng Xu Ziren Luo Yueliang Wu Center for Gravitational Wave Experiment National Microgravity LaboratoryInstitute of MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Key Laboratory of Gravitational Wave Precision Measurement of zhejiang Province Hangzhou Institute for Advanced StudyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhou 310024China Shanghai institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China International Centre for Theoretical Physics Asia-Pacific University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Taiji Laboratory for Gravitational Wave Universe(Beijing/Hangzhou) University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Lanzhou Center of Theoretical Physics Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Hangzhou institute for Advanced Study University of Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhou 310024China institute of Theoretical Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

Gravitational wave(GW) astronomy is witnessing a transformative shift from terrestrial to space-based detection, with missions like Taiji at the forefront. While the transition brings unprecedented opportunities for exploring massive black hole binaries(MBHBs), it also imposes complex challenges in data analysis, particularly in parameter estimation amidst confusion *** this gap, we utilize scalable normalizing flow models to achieve rapid and accurate inference within the Taiji environment. Innovatively, our approach simplifies the data's complexity, employs a transformation mapping to overcome the year-period time-dependent response function, and unveils additional multimodality in the arrival time parameter. Our method estimates MBHBs several orders of magnitude faster than conventional techniques, maintaining high accuracy even in complex backgrounds. These findings significantly enhance the efficiency of GW data analysis, paving the way for rapid detection and alerting systems and enriching our ability to explore the universe through space-based GW observation.

关键词： Taiji program gravitational wave detection parameter estimation machine learning

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Access to Financial Services——An Analysis from the Human Rights Perspective

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The Journal of Human Rights 2024年第1期23卷 173-201页

作者：孙世彦张贵军 SHEN Junjun the institute of International law of Chinese academy of social sciences the Center for Human Rights Studies Chinese Academy of Social Sciences the Tian Yuan law Firm 不详

There is a broad connection between finance and human rights,with finance having both positive and negative impacts on human *** has a need for access to financial *** in both the international human rights and international finance fields address the relationship between financial services and human *** financial services,microcredit and inclusive finance have the closest connection to human rights and potentially the greatest impact on human *** to financial services promotes economic,social,and cultural rights as well as the rights of specific *** conditions for access to financial services to promote human rights require the state to assume obligations to recognize,respect,protect,and fulfill the need for individuals to access financial services,and to ensure the availability,accessibility,acceptability,and adaptability of basic financial *** to financial services has played a significant role in China’s comprehensive victory in the battle of poverty alleviation,providing valuable experience for the international community in poverty eradication,achieving sustainable development goals,and protecting and promoting human rights.

关键词： financial service human rights perspective inclusive finance poverty eradication 4A scheme

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Bias distribution and regulation in photoelectrochemical overall water-splitting cells

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National Science Review 2024年第4期11卷 141-150页

作者： Kun Dang Siqin Liu Lei Wu Daojian Tang Jing Xue Jiaming Wang Hongwei Ji Chuncheng Chen Yuchao Zhang Jincai Zhao Key Laboratory of Photochemistry CAS ResearchEducation Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese academy of sciences

The water oxidation half-reaction at anodes is always considered the rate-limiting step of overall water splitting（OWS）,but the actual bias distribution between photoanodes and cathodes of photoelectro chemical（PEC） OWS cells has not been investigated *** this work,we find that,for PEC cells consisting of photoanodes（nickel-modified n-Si [Ni/n-Si] and α-Fe2O3） with low photovoltage(Vph 1V,the bias required for cathode activation can be significantly reduced,exhibiting a kinetics-controlled *** investigations show that the bias distribution can be regulated by tuning the electrolyte pH and using alternative half-reaction ***,a volcano plot is presented for the rational design of the overall reactions and unbiased PEC *** by this,an unbiased PEC cell consisting of a simple Ni/n-Si photoanode and Pt cathode is assembled,delivering a photo current density of 5.3±0.2 mA cm-2.

关键词： photoelectrochemistry overall reaction cell bias distribution photoanode water splitting

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Orientational growth behavior and mechanism of delta(δ)phase precipitation in cold-rolled Inconel 718 alloy during heat treatment

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2024年第1期31卷 264-274页

作者： Neng-yong Ye Guang-liang Zhang Tian-yue Huang Ming Cheng Shi-hong Zhang Lei Wang School of Materials Science&Engineering Taizhou UniversityTaizhou318000ZhejiangChina institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016LiaoningChina

Due to the important role ofδphase's quantity and morphology in the mechanical and fatigue properties of Inconel 718 alloy and its components,it is necessary to renew insights into the effect of cold deformation on theδphase precipitation,especially on the morphology ***,the nucleation and growth behavior ofδphase in cold-rolled Inconel 718 alloy during aging were *** results show that the precipitation rate and volume fraction ofδphase increase with increasing the cold rolling reduction from 10%to 50%.The volume fraction ofδphase reaches equilibrium after 5 h,remaining at 5.98%,6.52%,and 6.79%under different rolling reductions(10%,30%,and 50%),*** nucleation ofδphase mainly occurs on different sites(grain boundaries,new twin boundaries and old twin boundaries)under 10%rolling reduction,whileδphase mainly nucleates on the new grain boundaries of static recrystallization due to 50%rolling *** the growth ofδphase undergoes a process of alternate orientation growth from spherical(nucleation)→short rod(longitudinal orientation growth)→short rod(radial orientation growth)→dynamic *** 10%rolling reduction,δphase tends to grow into the matrix,while under 50%rolling reduction,the orientation grows faster and is easily affected by the grain boundary curvature.

关键词： Inconel 718 alloy Cold rolling δphase Orientation growth Morphology evolution

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High-precision X-ray polarimeter based on channel-cut crystals

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第3期35卷 30-39页

作者： Shang-Yu Si Zhong-Liang Li Wen-Hong Jia Lian Xue Hong-Xin Luo Jian-Cai Xu Bai-Fei Shen Lin-Gang Zhang Liang-Liang Ji Yu-Xin Leng Ren-Zhong Tai Shanghai institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China University of Chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049China Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility Shanghai Advanced Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201204China Shanghai institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China

We report on using synthetic silicon for a high-precision X-ray polarimeter comprising a polarizer and an analyzer,each based on a monolithic channel-cut crystal used at multiple Brewster reflections with a Bragg angle very close to 45°.Experiments were performed at the BL09B bending magnet beamline of the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility using a Si(800)crystal at an X-ray energy of 12.914 keV.A polarization purity of 8.4×10^(-9)was *** result is encouraging,as the measured polarization purity is the best-reported value for the bending magnet ***,this is the firstly systematic study on the hard X-ray polarimeter in China,which is crucial for exploring new physics,such as verifying vacuum birefringence.

关键词： X-ray polarimeter Vacuum birefringence Synchrotron radiation Channel-cut crystal

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