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Oligodendroglial heterogeneity in health,disease,and recovery:deeper insights into myelin dynamics

Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第11期20卷 3179-3192页

作者： Pieter-Jan Serneels Julie D.De Schutter Lies De Groef Lieve Moons Steven Bergmans KU Leuven Leuven Brain InstituteDepartment of BiologyAnimal Physiology and Neurobiology DivisionNeural Circuit Development&Regeneration Research GroupLeuvenBelgium KU Leuven Leuven Brain InstituteDepartment of BiologyAnimal Physiology and Neurobiology DivisionCellular Communication&Neurodegeneration Research GroupLeuvenBelgium

Decades of research asserted that the oligodendroglial lineage comprises two cell types:oligodendrocyte precursor cells and ***,recent studies employing single-cell RNA sequencing techniques have uncovered novel cell states,prompting a revision of the existing *** forward,the oligodendroglial lineage should be delineated into five distinct cell states:oligodendrocyte precursor cells,committed oligodendrocyte precursor cells,newly formed oligodendrocytes,myelin-forming oligodendrocytes,and mature *** new classification system enables a deeper understanding of the oligodendroglia in both physiological and pathological *** this uniform terminology will facilitate comparison and integration of data across ***,including the consolidation of findings from various demyelinating models,is essential to better understand the pathogenesis of demyelinating ***,comparing injury models across species with varying regenerative capacities can provide insights that may lead to new therapeutic strategies to overcome remyelination ***,by standardizing terminology and synthesizing data from diverse studies across different animal models,we can enhance our understanding of myelin pathology in central nervous system disorders such as multiple sclerosis,Alzheimer's disease,and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,all of which involve oligodendroglial and myelin dysfunction.

关键词： animal models demyelination fish mammals multiple sclerosis myelin neurodegeneration oligodendrocytes oligodendroglial lineage remyelination

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Pro-resolving lipid mediator reduces amyloid-β42–induced gene expression in human monocyte–derived microglia

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 873-886页

作者： Ying Wang Xiang Zhang Henrik Biverstål Nicolas GBazan Shuai Tan Nailin Li Makiko Ohshima Marianne Schultzberg Xiaofei Li Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences&SocietyDivision of NeurogeriatricsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden Department of Neurology Neuroscience CenterThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunJilin ProvinceChina Department of physiology and Pharmacology Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden Department of Biosciences and Nutrition Karolinska InstitutetHuddingeSweden Neuroscience Center of Excellence Louisiana State UniversityNew OrleansLAUSA Department of Medicine SolnaClinical Pharmacology GroupKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden

Specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators including maresin 1 mediate resolution but the levels of these are reduced in Alzheimer's disease brain, suggesting that they constitute a novel target for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease to prevent/stop inflammation and combat disease pathology. Therefore, it is important to clarify whether they counteract the expression of genes and proteins induced by amyloid-β. With this objective, we analyzed the relevance of human monocyte–derived microglia for in vitro modeling of neuroinflammation and its resolution in the context of Alzheimer's disease and investigated the pro-resolving bioactivity of maresin 1 on amyloid-β42–induced Alzheimer's disease–like inflammation. Analysis of RNA-sequencing data and secreted proteins in supernatants from the monocyte-derived microglia showed that the monocyte-derived microglia resembled Alzheimer's disease–like neuroinflammation in human brain microglia after incubation with amyloid-β42. Maresin 1 restored homeostasis by down-regulating inflammatory pathway related gene expression induced by amyloid-β42 in monocyte-derived microglia, protection of maresin 1 against the effects of amyloid-β42 is mediated by a re-balancing of inflammatory transcriptional networks in which modulation of gene transcription in the nuclear factor-kappa B pathway plays a major part. We pinpointed molecular targets that are associated with both neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease and therapeutic targets by maresin 1. In conclusion, monocyte-derived microglia represent a relevant in vitro microglial model for studies on Alzheimer's disease-like inflammation and drug response for individual patients. Maresin 1 ameliorates amyloid-β42–induced changes in several genes of importance in Alzheimer's disease, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease amyloid-β maresin microglia monocyte neuroinflammation resolution RNA-sequencing specialized pro-resolving lipid mediator

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Conservation of an important montane bamboo Thamnocalamus falconeri, *** Munro through axillary bud proliferation

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Journal of Forestry Research 2015年第1期26卷 179-185页

作者： Meena Bakshi Chandrakant Tiwari Sajad Razvi Plant physiology Discipline Botany DivisionForest ResearchInstitute

Thamnocalamus falconeri, Hook.f. ex Munro.,an important bamboo species belonging to the family Poaceae, locally known as Ringal, occurs in the hills of Uttarakhand, India. This species has been traditionally exploited by local communities to support their *** needs of the hill villages impose unsustainable pressure on natural stands of Ringal in the Uttarakhand hills and forests have been degraded. The long history of excessive cutting of Ringal from natural forests and the lack of replanting threaten villager livelihoods. Replanting is required to conserve the species. We propose a protocol for generation of planting material through axillary bud proliferation for multiplication and conservation of this species. We collected offsets/rhizomes from a natural stand of T. falconeri in the Chopta Mandal areas（Chamoli district, India）. These were planted at sites of varied elevation and fresh single nodal segments were collected from them as explants. Different sterilization treatments were assessed to combat contamination. Among these, treatment of 0.1 %Hg Cl2 followed by 5 % Na OCl, proved best. Among two cytokinin treatments, viz. BAP and Kinetin, singly or in combination, BAP alone（5 mg L-1） proved superior and resulted in 100 % bud break. BAP-supplemented MS media yielded maximum vigorous shoot formation（90 %）and maximum number of shoots（8.9）. Subculturing of shoots on the same medium with similar BAP treatment（5 mg L-1BAP） enabled continuous production of healthy shoots at similar frequency. Maximum rooting（100 %）was recorded on half-strength MS medium supplemented with 5 mg L-1IBA. Micropropagated plants were hardened and acclimatized in soil mixture（2：1：1） and then transplanted to field sites（Magra, Uttarakhand, 1,834 m）.Eight to ten months after field transplantation we recorded100 % survival of transplanted material. This micropropagation protocol could be used successfully for raising a stock of genetically homogenous plant material in bulk

关键词： Thamnocalamus falconeri Micropropagation MS medium Axillary bud proliferation Hormones

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Ad libitum water consumption prevents exercise-associated hyponatremia and protects against dehydration in soldiers performing a 40-km route-march

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Military Medical Research 2019年第3期6卷 201-207页

作者： Heinrich WNolte Kim Nolte Tamara Hew-Butler Movement physiology Research Laboratory School of PhysiologyFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa division Biokinetics and Sport Science Department of PhysiologyUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa division of Kinesiology Wayne State UniversityDetroitMIUSA.

Background: It remains unclear if ad libitum water drinking, as a hydration strategy, prevents exercise-associated hyponatremia(EAH) during prolonged exercise. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of EAH within the broader context of fluid regulation among soldiers performing a 40-km route-march ingesting water ad ***: Twenty-eight healthy male soldiers participated in this observational trial. Pre-and post-exercise body mass, blood and urine samples were collected. Blood samples were assessed for serum sodium([Na+]), glucose, creatinine, urea nitrogen(BUN), plasma osmolality, creatine kinase(CK), and plasma arginine vasopressin(AVP) concentrations. Plasma volume(PV) was calculated using hematocrit and hemoglobin. Urine samples were analyzed for osmolality and (Na+)Water intake was assessed by weighing bottles before, during and after the march. The mean relative humidity was 55.7%(21.9–94.3%) and the mean dry bulb temperature was 27.1°C(19.5°C-37.0°C) during the ***: Twenty-five soldiers(72±10 kg)(Mean±SD) completed the march in 09:11±00:43(hr:min). Participants consumed 736±259 ml/h of water and lost 2.8±0.9 kg(4.0%±1.4%, P<0.05) of body mass. Significant(pre-march vs. post-march;P<0.05) decreases in serum [Na+](141 mmol/L vs. 136 mmol/L), plasma osmolality(303 m Osmol/kg H2O vs. 298 m Osmol/kg H2O), and serum creatinine(111 μmol/L vs. 101 μmol/L) and urine [Na+](168 mmol/L vs. 142 mmol/L), as well as significant increases in plasma AVP(2 pg/ml vs. 11 pg/ml), plasma CK(1423 U/L vs. 3894 U/L) and urine osmolality(1035 m Osmol/kg H2O vs. 1097 m Osmol/kg H2O) were found. The soldier(72 kg) with the lowest postexercise sodium level completed the march in 08:38. He drank 800 ml/h, lost 2% body mass, and demonstrated(prepost) increases in plasma osmolality(294–314 m Osmol/kg H2O), BUN(20–30 mg/dl), AVP(2–16 pg/ml) and PV(41%). His urine osmolality decreased from 1114 m Osmol/kg H2O to 1110 m Osmol/kg H2O. No participants finished

关键词： Serum sodium concentration Exercise-associated hyponatremia Arginine vasopressin Fluid balance electrolyte balance Military

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Multiple sclerosis: New insights and trends

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2016年第5期6卷 429-440页

作者： Khaled Mohamed Mohamed Koriem Department of Medical physiology Medical Research DivisionNational Research Centre

Multiple sclerosis(MS) is the most famous autoimmune disease attacking the central nervous system. It attacks people from age 20–50 years old and the females' attacks double than males' attacks. MS is an autoimmune disease affecting principally the central nervous system that cause nerve sheath demyelination followed by axon damage and paralysis. MS symptoms include muscle weakness, weak reflexes, muscle spasm, difficult in move, miss-coordination and unbalance with others. There are many factors may be responsible for MS: microbial, viral, smoking, stress, environmental toxins, contaminated diet, and gout. MS is wide spread in the populations in North Europe and this related to lack of vitamin D due to decrease of sunlight exposure. MS biomarkers include nitric oxide, interleukin-6, nitric oxide synthase, fetuin-A and osteopontin. MS is not a genetic disease where MS occurs when human leukocyte antigen system related genes are changed in chromosome 6. The physiology of MS is monitored by activation of immuneinflammatory, oxidative, and nitrosative stress pathways. MS is including two main steps:(1) myelin sheath destruction and formation of lesions and,(2) inflammation. Four types of MS can be distinguished: relapsing-remitting, primary progressive, secondary progressive and progressive relapsing. Nine treatments have been accepted for relapsingremitting MS type: interferon b-1a, interferon b-1b, mitoxantrone, natalizumab, glatiramer acetate, fingolimod, dimethyl fumarate, teriflunomide, and alemtuzumab, however,the only treatment used is mitoxantrone for progressive MS but many of MS treatments side effects are recorded. Complementary treatments also used in MS treatments such as:vitamin D, Yoga, medicinal plants, oxygen therapy, acupuncture and reflexology.

关键词： Multiple sclerosis Diagnosis Genetics physiology Treatments

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Proteomic approach in human health and disease: Preventive and cure studies

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2018年第4期8卷 226-236页

作者： Khaled MM.Koriem Department of Medical physiology Medical Research Division National Research Centre

Proteomic is a branch of science that deals with various numbers of proteins where proteins are essential human *** has a lot of functions inside the human and animal living *** review helps to make a thought on the importance of proteomic application in human health and disease with special reference to preventive and cure *** human health can be divided into physical and mental *** physical health relates to keeping human body state in a good health and to nutritional type and environmental *** mental health correlates to human psychological *** main factors that affect the status of human health are human diet,exercise and *** healthy diet is very important and needs to maintain the human *** training program exercise improves human fitness and overall health and *** sleep is a vital factor to sustain the human *** human disease indicates abnormal human condition which influences the specific human part or the whole human *** are external and internal factors which induce human *** external factors include pathogens while internal factors include allergies and *** are 4 principle types of human diseases:(1)infectious disease,(2)deficiency disease,(3)genetic disease and(4)physiological *** are many and various external microbes'factors that induce human infectious disease and these agents include viruses,bacteria,fungi and *** lack of necessary and vital dietary rudiments such as vitamins and minerals is the main cause of human deficiency *** genetic disease is initiated by hereditary disturbances that occur in the human genetic *** physiological disease occurs when the normal human function body is affected due to human organs become *** conclusion,proteomic plays a vital and significant role in human health and disease.

关键词： Proteomic Diet Exercise Sleep Disease

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Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on biomass production and nodulation behavior of Pongamia pinnata Pierre seedlings under nursery conditions

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Journal of Forestry Research 2013年第3期24卷 531-538页

作者： S.P. Chaukiyal Rayees Afzal Mir T.C. Pokhriyal Plant physiology Botany Division. Forest Research InstituteDehradun Uttarakhand India

At the seedling stage, a small amount of N is required to boost growth of leguminous plants. A pot experiment was conducted to observe the effect of N fertilizer on various growth parameters and nodulation behavior of Pongamia pinnata under nursery conditions. After the estab- lishment of seedlings, four nitrogen treatments, 0, 40, 80 and 100 kg-ha^-1 N were applied in two equal splits. Monthly observations were taken for the morphological parameters viz. plant height, collar diameter, leaf number, root length, root shoot ratio, nodule number and weight per plant. Maximum plant height was recorded after application of N at 40 ***^-1. Seasonally, the difference in collar diameter in rainy season was signifi- cantly higher than in winter or summer. However, more leaves were produced per plant at N-40 and N-100 treatments in winter and rainy seasons. Higher root length was recorded in rainy season than in winter or summer. Root biomass was higher than for stems or leaves. Seasonal effects of N-80 and N-40 treatments on leaf dry weight were significantly higher than for N-100 or N-0. Stem dry weight was higher at N-40 than at other treatments in winter and summer seasons. Root：shoot ratio was higher throughout winter to early summer. Nodule biomass was 2-3 times higher in rainy season compared to winter or summer. Maximum nodule number and biomass per plant were highest at N-40, followed by N-0, N-80 and N-100 treatments. New nodule formation started from June to the end of September. Maximum biomass per plant was recorded at N-40, followed by N-80, N-100 and N-0. Nitrogen treatment effect and seasonal behaviour interaction were not significant. Significantly higher numbers of nodules per plant were recorded in rainy season followed by summer and winter for all treatments. Higher nitrogen doses suppressed growth while lower doses promoted growth in Pongamia pinnata. Therefore, the lower nitrogen dose i.e., N-40 ***^-1 applied in two equal splits was suitable at the

关键词： Pongamia pinnata biomass nitrogen treatments seasonalbehaviour

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Anticancer effect of adenosine on gastric cancer via diverse signaling pathways

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第39期21卷 10931-10935页

作者： Ayako Tsuchiya Tomoyuki Nishizaki division of Bioin- formation Department of Physiology Hyogo College of Medicine

Extracellular adenosine induces apoptosis in a variety of cancer cells via intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. In the former pathway, adenosine uptake into cells triggers apoptosis, and in the latter pathway, adenosine receptors mediate apoptosis. Extracellular adenosine also inducesapoptosis of gastric cancer cells. Extracellular adenosine is transported into cells through an adenosine transporter and converted to AMP by adenosine kinase. In turn, AMP activates AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK). AMPK is the factor responsible for caspase-independent apoptosis of GT3-TKB gastric cancer cells. Extracellular adenosine, on the other hand, induces caspase-dependent apoptosis of MKN28 and MKN45 gastric cancer cells by two mechanisms. Firstly, AMP, converted from intracellularly transported adenosine, initiates apoptosis, regardless of AMPK. Secondly, the A3 adenosine receptor, linked to Gi/Gq proteins, mediates apoptosis by activating the Gq protein effector, phospholipase Cγ, to produce inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and diacylglycerol, which activate protein kinase C. Consequently, the mechanisms underlying adenosine-induced apoptosis vary, depending upon gastric cancer cell types. Understand the contribution of each downstream target molecule of adenosine to apoptosis induction may aid the establishment of tailor-made chemotherapy for gastric cancer.

关键词： Adenosine Apoptosis Intrinsic pathway Extrinsic pa

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Impact of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium on Brown Planthopper and Tolerance of Its Host Rice Plants

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Rice science 2016年第3期23卷 119-131页

作者： Md Mamunur RASHID Mahbuba JAHAN Khandakar Shariful ISLAM Plant physiology division Bangladesh Rice Research Institute Department of Entomology Bangladesh Agricultural University

The brown planthopper(BPH),Nilaparvata lugens(St?l),appeared as a devastating pest of rice in Asia. Experiments were conducted to study the effects of three nutrients,nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P) and potassium(K),on BPH and its host rice plants. Biochemical constituents of BPH and rice plants with varying nutrient levels at different growth stages,and changes in relative water content(RWC) of rice plants were determined in the laboratory. Feeding of BPH and the tolerance of rice plants to BPH with different nutrient levels were determined in the nethouse. Concentrations of N and P were found much higher in the BPH body than in its host rice plants,and this elemental mismatch is an inherent constraint on meeting nutritional requirements of BPH. Nitrogen was found as a more limiting element for BPH than other nutrients in rice plants. Application of N fertilizers to the rice plants increased the N concentrations both in rice plants and BPH while application of P and K fertilizers increased their concentrations in plant tissues only but not in BPH. Nitrogen application also increased the level of soluble proteins and decreased silicon content in rice plants,which resulted in increased feeding of BPH with sharp reduction of RWC in rice plants ultimately caused susceptible to the pest. P fertilization increased the concentration of P in rice plant tissues but not changed N,K,Si,free sugar and soluble protein contents,which indicated little importance of P to the feeding of BPH and tolerance of plant against BPH. K fertilization increased K content but reduced N,Si,free sugar and soluble protein contents in the plant tissues which resulted in the minimum reduction of RWC in rice plants after BPH feeding,thereby contributed to higher tolerance of rice plants to brown planthopper.

关键词： Nilaparvata lugens relative water content host tolerance nitrogen phosphorus potassium rice nutrient subsidy

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Seed Priming with Beta-Amino Butyric Acid Improves Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Rice Seedlings

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Rice science 2016年第5期23卷 242-254页

作者： Kolothodi Chandran JISHA Jos Thomas PUTHUR Plant physiology and Biochemistry division Department of Botany University of CalicutC.U.Campus

We studied the influence of seed priming with beta-amino butyric acid（BABA） on the growth, physiological and biochemical parameters of seedlings with varied abiotic stress tolerance, which were raised and grown under unstressed and stressed（NaCl/PEG-6000） conditions. Under stressed conditions, the growth of rice seedlings was less when compared to control plants. After BABA priming, the seedling growth increased both under unstressed and stressed conditions as compared to the respective controls. BABA priming of rice seeds caused increase in the photosynthetic pigment content of the leaves, modified the chlorophyll a fluorescence related parameters and also enhanced the photosystem activities of seedlings when compared to their respective non-primed controls. BABA priming also caused increased mitochondrial activities of the rice seedlings. Moreover, BABA priming significantly reduced malondialdehyde content in the seedlings and also resulted in accumulation of proline especially in the NaCl tolerant variety Vyttila 6. BABA seed priming also enhanced the activity of nitrate reductase enzyme and activities of antioxidant enzymes like guaiacol peroxidase and superoxide dismutase. The presence of BABA was detected by high performance thin layer chromatography analysis in the rice seeds whereas in the seedlings it was not detected. Thus, it can be inferred that the seed priming effect of BABA mainly occurred within the seeds, which was further carried to the seedlings. It is concluded that BABA priming of seeds improved the drought and salinity stress tolerance of all the three rice varieties and it was significantly evident in the drought tolerant variety Vaisakh and NaCl tolerant variety Vyttila 6, when compared to the stress sensitive variety Neeraja.

关键词： abiotic stress drought mitochondrial activity photochemical activity seed priming rice beta-amino butyric acid

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