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Neuroprotective potential for mitigating ischemia-reperfusion-induced damage

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2199-2217页

作者： Zi Ye Runqing Liu Hangxing Wang Aizhen Zuo Cen Jin Nan Wang Huiqi Sun Luqian Feng Hua Yang The Clinical Medical College Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangGuizhou ProvinceChina division of infectious diseases Department of Internal MedicinePeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina School of Medical Imaging Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangGuizhou ProvinceChina division of Gastroenterology First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan ProvinceChina The Second Clinical Medical College Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansu ProvinceChina Department of Neurosurgery Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangGuizhou ProvinceChina

Reperfusion following cerebral ischemia causes both structural and functional damage to brain tissue and could aggravate a patient's condition;this phenomenon is known as cerebral ischemia-reperfusion *** studies have elucidated the neuroprotective role of the sirtuin protein family(Sirtuins)in modulating cerebral ischemia-reperfusion ***,the potential of utilizing it as a novel intervention target to influence the prognosis of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury requires additional *** this review,the origin and research progress of Sirtuins are summarized,suggesting the involvement of Sirtuins in diverse mechanisms that affect cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury,including inflammation,oxidative stress,blood-brain barrier damage,apoptosis,pyroptosis,and *** therapeutic avenues related to Sirtuins that may improve the prognosis of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury were also investigated by modulating Sirtuins expression and affecting representative pathways,such as nuclear factor-kappa B signaling,oxidative stress mediated by adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase,and the forkhead box *** review also summarizes the potential of endogenous substances,such as RNA and hormones,drugs,dietary supplements,and emerging therapies that regulate Sirtuins *** review also reveals that regulating Sirtuins mitigates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury when combined with other risk *** Sirtuins show promise as a potential target for the treatment of cerebral ischemiareperfusion injury,most recent studies are based on rodent models with circadian rhythms that are distinct from those of humans,potentially influencing the efficacy of Sirtuinstargeting drug ***,this review provides new insights into the role of Sirtuins in the pathology and treatment of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.

关键词： apoptosis autophagy blood-brain barrier dietary supplements drug hormones inflammation neuroprotection oxidative stress prognosis pyroptosis reperfusion injury risk factors RNA therapeutics

Direct anti-HCV agents

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2016年第1期6卷 26-31页

作者： Xingquan Zhang division of infectious diseases University of CaliforniaSan Diego School of Medicine

Unlike human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)and hepatitis B virus(HBV),hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection is a curable *** direct antiviral agent(DAA)targets are focused on HCV NS3/4A protein(protease),NS5 B protein(polymerase)and NS5 A *** first generation of DAAs includes boceprevir and telaprevir,which are protease inhibitors and were approved for clinical use *** cure rate for genotype 1 patients increased from 45% to 70% when boceprevir or telaprevir was added to standard PEG-IFN/*** effective and less toxic second generation DAAs supplanted these drugs by *** second generation of DAAs includes sofosbuvir(Sovaldi),simeprevir(Olysio),and fixed combination medicines Harvoni and Viekira *** drugs increase cure rates to over 90%without the need for interferon and effectively treat all HCV *** these drugs the "cure HCV"goal has become a *** remain about drug resistance mutations and the high cost of these *** investigation of new HCV drugs is progressing rapidly;fixed dose combination medicines in phase III clinical trials include Viekirax,asunaprevirtdaclatasvirtbeclabuvir,grazoprevirtelbasvir and others.

关键词： Hepatitis C virus Cure HCV Sustained virologic response Direct antiviral agents NS3/4A protease inhibitor

New insight of vitamin D in chronic liver diseases

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic diseases International 2014年第6期13卷 580-585页

作者： En-Qiang Chen Ying Shi Hong Tang Center of infectious diseases West China Hospital and division of infectious diseases State Key Laboratory of BiotherapySichuan University

BACKGROUND： Vitamin D is a fat-soluble sterol derivative that is predominantly synthesized in the liver and has multiple functions. The accumulative data showed that the clinical manifestations and prognosis of chronic liver diseases are associated with serum vitamin D levels. DATA SOURCES： A PubMed and Google Scholar search using terms：＂vitamin D＂, ＂25 （OH）D＂, ＂liver disease＂, ＂viral hepatitis＂, ＂non-alcoholic fatty liver disease＂, ＂liver fibrosis＂, ＂cirrhosis＂, ＂hepatocellular carcinoma＂ and ＂autoimmune liver disease＂ was performed, and relevant articles published in English between January 2000 and March 2014 were reviewed. Fulb text publications relevant to the field were selected and relevant articles from reference lists were also included. RESULTS： The insufficiency or deficiency of vitamin D is common in various kinds of chronic liver diseases including viral hepatitis B and C. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and vitamin D receptors are possibly interrelated with the incidence, treatment and prognosis of diseases. Though the evidence of vitamin D supplementation in viral hepatitis and associated liver diseases is still limited, there is great potential to apply this adjuvant therapy to improve the treatments. CONCLUSIONS： Although the exact role and mechanisms of vitamin D have not been fully elucidated in chronic liver diseases, it is potentially beneficial in the treatment of chronic liver diseases. Further mechanistic studies are needed to validate its clinical application.

关键词： vitamin D deficiency viral hepatitis chronic liver diseases

Update and actual trends on bacterial infections following liver transplantation

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第32期14卷 4977-4983页

作者： Jose Luis del Pozo division of infectious diseases Department of Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester

Recent advances in effective antimicrobial prophylactic strategies have led to a decline in the incidence of opportunistic infections in liver transplant recipients. However, morbidity and mortality due to infectious diseases remain as major problems. Bacterial infections occurring early after transplant are mainly related to the technical aspects of the procedure. By contrast, after the first postoperative days and beyond, the nature and variety of infectious complications change. Opportunistic bacterial infections are uncommon after 6 mo in patients receiving stable and reduced maintenance doses of immunosuppression with good graft function and little is documented about these cases in the literature. Transplant recipients may be more susceptible to some pathogens, such as the Nocardia species, Legionella species, Listeria monocytogenes , Mycoplasma species, Salmonella species or Rhodococcus equi. Respiratory infections due to capsulated bacteria, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus intTuenza, can be life- threatening if not promptly treated in this population. These late bacterial infections may be very difficult to recognize and treat in this population. In this article, we review what has been described in the literature with regards to late bacterial infections following liver transplantation.

关键词： Liver transplant Bacterial infections Nocardia species Listeria species Legionella species Mycoplasma species Bartonella species

Optimization therapy for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第19期20卷 5730-5736页

作者： En-Qiang Chen Hong Tang Center of infectious diseases West China Hospital of Sichuan University division of infectious diseases State Key Laboratory of BiotherapySichuan University

Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is currently medically managed with either interferon-alpha or one of the five nucleos(t)ide analogs. However, there are still a large number of CHB patients whose response to the above therapies remains less than satisfactory, and their incomplete or non-response to antiviral therapies has plagued clinicians worldwide. In recent years, a newly proposed optimization therapy has provided us with a new approach to solve this problem. The key points in this optimization therapy are to initiate antiviral therapy with an appropriate agent at the correct time point, and to adjust treatments in patients with poor early responses by adding a second agent or switching to another more potent agent. In this review, we summarize recent developments in optimization therapy for the treatment of CHB, and provide an outlook for future research in this field. (C) 2014 Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Chronic hepatitis B Nucleos(t)ide analog Interferon Suboptimal response Optimization therapy

Early warning and clinical outcome prediction of acute-onchronic hepatitis B liver failure

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第42期21卷 11964-11973页

作者： En-Qiang Chen Fan Zeng Ling-Yun Zhou Hong Tang Center of infectious diseases West China Hospital of Sichuan University division of infectious diseases State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy Sichuan University

Hepatitis B virus(HBV) associated acute-on-chronic liver failure(ACLF) is an increasingly recognized fatal liver disease encompassing a severe acute exacerbation of liver function in patients with chronic hepatitis B(CHB). Despite the introduction of an artificial liver support system and antiviral therapy, the short-term prognosis of HBV-ACLF is still extremely poor unless emergency liver transplantation is performed. In such a situation, stopping or slowing the progression of CHB to ACLF at an early stage is the most effective way of reducing the morbidity and mortality of HBV-ACLF. It is well-known that the occurrence and progression of HBV-ACLF is associated with many factors, and the outcomes of HBV-ACLF patients can be significantly improved if timely and appropriate interventions are provided. In this review, we highlight recent developments in early warning and clinical outcome prediction in patients with HBV-ACLF and provide an outlook for future research in this field.

关键词： Chronic hepatitis B Acute exacerbation Acute-on-ch

Anti-retroviral drugs: current state and development in the next decade

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2018年第2期8卷 131-136页

作者： Xingquan Zhang division of infectious diseases Department of Medicine School of Medicine University of CaliforniaSan Diego

The pace of discovery of new antiretroviral(ARV) drugs has slowed, although the efficacy and safety of once-daily fixed dose combinations have been extensively investigated. Several traditional ARV drugs remain in phase Ⅲ clinical trials. This review summarizes current information on ARV drugs in phase Ⅲ clinical trials and focuses on the development of ARV drugs in the next decade.

关键词： Antiretroviral drugs Long-acting formulations Attachment inhibitors Maturation inhibitors Nanomedicine

Diagnostic and therapeutic management of hepatocellular carcinoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第42期21卷 12003-12021页

作者： Francesco Bellissimo Marilia Rita Pinzone Bruno Cacopardo Giuseppe Nunnari Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Division of Infectious Diseases University of Catania

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is an increasing health problem, representing the second cause of cancerrelated mortality worldwide. The major risk factorfor HCC is cirrhosis. In developing countries, viral hepatitis represent the major risk factor, whereas in developed countries, the epidemic of obesity, diabetes and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis contribute to the observed increase in HCC incidence. Cirrhotic patients are recommended to undergo HCC surveillance by abdominal ultrasounds at 6-mo intervals. The current diagnostic algorithms for HCC rely on typical radiological hallmarks in dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging, while the use of α-fetoprotein as an independent tool for HCC surveillance is not recommended by current guidelines due to its low sensitivity and specificity. Early diagnosis is crucial for curative treatments. Surgical resection, radiofrequency ablation and liver transplantation are considered the cornerstones of curative therapy, while for patients with more advanced HCC recommended options include sorafenib and trans-arterial chemoembolization. A multidisciplinary team, consisting of hepatologists, surgeons, radiologists, oncologists and pathologists, is fundamental for a correct management. In this paper, we review the diagnostic and therapeutic management of HCC, with a focus on the most recent evidences and recommendations from guidelines.

关键词： Cancer Chronic hepatitis Cirrhosis Hepatitis B vir

Human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome antiretroviral therapy initiated on the same day in treatment-na?ve people with human immunodeficiency virus: A comparative study of efficacy and regimen

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中华医学杂志(英文版) 2024年第22期137卷 2720-2725页

作者： Yuan Jing Deng Changgang Li Qisui Sun Yanyu Huang Wei Zhang Wei Liu Min division of infectious diseases Chongqing Public Health Medical Center Chongqing China

Background: Rapid initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) is recommended by guidelines, however, real-world studies of same-day initiation of ART in China are limited, and an optimal treatment regimen has yet to be identified. The study aims to provide a realistic reference for rapid initiation of ***: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of treatment-na?ve people with human immunodeficiency virus (PWHs) who were diagnosed and prescribed same-day ART initiation from January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2022 at Chongqing Public Health Medical Center. PWHs voluntarily chose an ART regimen that divided them into two groups: National Free Antiretroviral Treatment Program (NFATP)-recommended regimens group (2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors + non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors/protease inhibitors) and bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (BIC/FTC/TAF) group. The primary endpoint was the virological outcome of the two groups for same-day ART initiation at 24 weeks and 48 weeks. The secondary endpoints included changes in CD4 counts, maintenance of the original ART regimen at 48 weeks, and lipid levels and renal function at 48 ***: A total of 255 PWHs were included in the study, including 131 (51.4%) in the NFATP group and 124 (48.6%) in the BIC/FTC/TAF group. The overall virological suppression rates at 24 weeks and 48 weeks were 78.2% (165/211) and 95.4% (207/217), respectively. At 24 weeks, the virologic suppression rate in the NFATP group was lower than that in the BIC/FTC/TAF group (65.3% [66/101]vs. 90.0% [99/110],P <0.001). The median increase in the CD4 count was 198.0 (126.0-300.0) cells/μL at 24 weeks, with 182.0 (108.0-245.0) cells/μL in the NFATP group and 219 (132.0-316.0) cells/μL in the BIC/FTC/TAF group (P = 0.035). At 48 weeks, there was no significant difference in the virological suppression rate or CD4 count between the groups. The 48-week initial ART regimen retention rates and treatment rete

关键词： HIV/AIDS Same-day initiation Antiretroviral therapy Treatment retention Regimen retention