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Sustaining health workforce recruitment and retention in township hospitals： a survey on 110 directors of township hospitals

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Frontiers of Medicine 2015年第2期9卷 239-250页

作者： Jingmin Zheng Jie Li Xingxing Jiang Bin Zhang department of social Medicine School of Public Health Chongqing Medical University Chongqing 400016 China department of Health policy Research School of Public Health Chongqing Medical University Chongqing 400016 China

Township hospitals, the main provider of rural primary healthcare in China, are severely understaffed. International studies on factors influencing rural working are increasing; however, studies on factors affecting the recruitment and retention of health workers in Chinese township hospitals are limited. The current study aims to understand the motivation of health workers and arrive at a systematic framework of pluralistic factors that would help support health workers in terms of receiving posts and remaining in posts in township hospitals. A three-stage integrated quantitative and qualitative methodology was employed. First, a survey on 120 directors of township hospitals was conducted to learn the latest status of health workers in township hospitals and distinguish existing problems. Second, after sending these problems back to the directors, an open-ended pen-and-paper survey was conducted to ask the directors to identify the factors influencing the attraction and retention of health workers in township hospitals. Third, four focus groups were conducted to gauge the underlying reasons. Five problems from the questionnaire survey were recognized, and numbers of thematic factors were identified at the individual, professional, and treatment environment from the pen-and-paper survey and focus group. Similar to other studies, this framing of both non-financial and financial elements affected the attraction and retention of health workers in township hospitals, thereby filling the gap in a Chinese context. Although several factors had been recognized earlier, our findings further highlighted the importance of these factors. Meanwhile, the factors identified in this study were barely explored in literature. This paper identifies and develops multi-faceted factors to call for a bundled package of multidimensional incentives if decision-makers get interested. The evidence-based findings in our study can be used to provide China-specific policy recommendations on how

关键词： recruitment retention health workers township hospitals rural regions

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DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF THE GREEN CLIMATE FUND

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2014年第3期23卷 266-299页

作者： Lian-biao CUI Lei ZHU Marco SPRINGMANN Ying FAN Center for Energy and Environmental policy Research Institute of Policy and ManagementChinese Academy of Sciences department of Economics University of Oldenburg

The Green Climate Fund （GCF） has been one of the core issues of the world climate summits under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change （UNFCCC） in recent years. However, the GCF has not progressed smoothly, and currently there are no satisfactory schemes for raising and distributing the fund. This paper first discusses how to finance the GCF among Annex II countries. It introduces the ＇preference score compromises＇（PSC） approach which is based on environmental responsibility and economic capacity, with historical emissions as an indicator for environmental responsibility and GDP as indicator for economic capacity. The results show that the United States and the European Union are the two largest contributors to the GCF, sponsoring more than 80% of the funds. Second, we discuss how to allocate the funds among non-Annex II parties. The ＇adaptation needs＇（AN） approach, which takes account of economic strength and climate damages, is proposed to achieve the adaptation purpose of the GCF, and the results reveal that African countries with high levels of climate vulnerability could get most funds, with a share of almost 30%. Regarding the mitigation purpose of the GCF, this research introduces two approaches： the ＇carbon reduction contribution＇（CC） approach and the ＇incremental cost＇（IC） approach. Both approaches could achieve significant reductions in carbon emissions in non-Annex II parties, whereas the latter may provide limited adaptation finance but result in more mitigation effects. This paper also develops a method to combine abatement efficiency and adaptation fairness of the GCF, and we find that with an equal split between the AN and CC （or AN and IC） approaches, the amount of USD 100 billion could finance an emissions reduction of 1613 MtCO2 （2477 MtCO2）, while allocating USD 16 （or USD 9） per capita for adaptation in non-Annex II parties. The schemes proposed may be useful for promoting the development of the GCF in the future.

关键词： Climate change green climate fund preference score compromises carbon reductioncontribution mitigation and adaptation

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Hearing Loss and Cognitive Impairment Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults-Liaoning,Henan,and Guangdong Provinces,China,2019-2020

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China CDC weekly 2024年第32期6卷 816-820,I0003页

作者： Shige Qi Yuzhang Huang Liyuan Yang Haoyan Guo Ran An Lu Cui Han Zhang Jing Wu National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina department of Health policy Management Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMDUSA Chengnan Community Health Service Center of Changping District BeijingChina National Institute for Nutrition and Health Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina School of Public Health Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina

Summary What is already known about this topic?Many studies have shown that hearing loss(HL)is a risk factor for cognitive decline and dementia,but there are still limited studies on this association among Chinese older *** is added by this report?Based on the results of pure-tone audiometry tests,HL is associated with cognitive impairment in communitydwelling older *** odds ratios(ORs)were 1.23(1.08–1.40)for mild HL,1.55(1.32–1.82)for moderate HL,and 1.87(1.47–2.39)for severe or profound *** are the implications for public health practice?Enhanced public awareness of hearing protection is important for preventing cognitive *** is advocated to promote the screening of HL and cognitive function assessment in elderly health examinations or management in primary care services.

关键词： hearing Guangdong Henan

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Optimal monitoring and attack detection of networks modeled by Bayesian attack graphs

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Cybersecurity 2024年第1期7卷 1-15页

作者： Armita Kazeminajafabadi Mahdi Imani department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Northeastern UniversityBostonMAUSA

Early attack detection is essential to ensure the security of complex networks,especially those in critical *** is particularly crucial in networks with multi-stage attacks,where multiple nodes are connected to external sources,through which attacks could enter and quickly spread to other network *** attack graphs(BAGs)are powerful models for security risk assessment and mitigation in complex networks,which provide the probabilistic model of attackers’behavior and attack progression in the *** attack detection techniques developed for BAGs rely on the assumption that network compromises will be detected through routine monitoring,which is unrealistic given the ever-growing complexity of *** paper derives the optimal minimum mean square error(MMSE)attack detection and monitoring policy for the most general form of *** exploiting the structure of BAGs and their partial and imperfect monitoring capacity,the proposed detection policy achieves the MMSE optimality possible only for linear-Gaussian state space models using Kalman *** adaptive resource monitoring policy is also introduced for monitoring nodes if the expected predictive error exceeds a user-defined *** and efficient matrix-form computations of the proposed policies are provided,and their high performance is demonstrated in terms of the accuracy of attack detection and the most efficient use of available resources using synthetic Bayesian attack graphs with different topologies.

关键词： Multi-stage attacks Bayesian attack graph Attack detection Optimal monitoring

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Research on Cavitation Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Herringbone Gear Pump

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第6期139卷 2917-2946页

作者： Jinlong Yang Kwang-Hee Lee Chul-Hee Lee department of Mechanical Engineering of Inha University Incheon22212South Korea

Cavitation is a common issue in pumps,causing a decrease in pump head,a fall in volumetric efficiency,and an intensification of outlet flow *** is one of the main hazards that affect the regular operation of the *** on pump cavitation mainly focuses on mixed flow pumps,jet pumps,external spur gear pumps,***,there are few cavitation studies on external herringbone gear *** addition,pumps with different working principles significantly differ in the flow and complexity of the internal flow ***,it is urgent to study the cavitation characteristics of external herringbone gear *** with experimentalmethods,visual research and cavitation area identification are achieved through computation fluid dynamic(CFD),and changing the boundary conditions and shape of the gear rotor is *** simulation yields a head error of only 0.003%under different grid numbers,and the deviation between experimental and simulation results is less than 5%.The study revealed that cavitation causes flow pulsation at the outlet,and the cavitation serious area is mainly distributed in the meshing gap and meshing *** can be inhibited by reducing the speed,increasing the inlet pressure,and changing the helix angle can be *** example,when the inlet pressure is 5 bar,the maximumgas volume fraction in themeshing area is less than 50%.These results provide a reference for optimizing the design and finding the optimal design parameters to reduce or eliminate cavitation.

关键词： Herringbone gear pump cavitation rotating speed inlet pressure helix angle TwinMesh

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How China Could Contribute to a Benign Global Rebalancing?

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China & World Economy 2008年第5期16卷 35-50页

作者： Pingfan Hong Rob Vos Keping Yao Chief of Global Economic Monitoring Department of Economic and Social Affairs the United Nations Director for Development policy and Analysis the United Nations Statistician Department of Economic and Social Affairs the United Nations

Our study shows that China could contribute to an orderly global rebalancing using a package of policies to stimulate its domestic consumption. These policies include a progressive appreciation of the RMB, fiscal stimulation by increasing expenditure on education, health care, social safety nets and poverty reduction, income policies to reduce inequality and to strengthen wage income, and reforms of the financial system to improve financial efficiency and to mitigate financial constraints. By implementing such policies, China＇ s external surplus could be narrowed and its domestic imbalances improved. The excessively high savings rate could be lowered and the share of household consumption increased, even though GDP growth would moderate slightly.

关键词： consumption exchange rate global imbalances savings social spending

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Latency arbitrage and the synchronized placement of orders

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Financial Innovation 2023年第1期9卷 2650-2667页

作者： Wolfgang Kuhle department of Economics Corvinus UniversityBudapestHungary MEA Max Planck Institute for Social Law and Social PolicyMunichGermany Zhejiang University HangzhouChina

We argue that owing to traders’inability to fully express their preferences over the execution times of their orders,contemporary stock market designs are prone to latency *** turn,we propose a new order type,which allows traders to specify the time at which their orders are executed after reaching the *** recent latency data,we demonstrate that the order type proposed here allows traders to synchronize order executions across different exchanges,such that high-frequency traders,even if they operate at the speed of light,can no-longer engage in latency arbitrage.

关键词： Market design High-frequency trading Latency arbitrage

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Cloud‐based video streaming services:Trends,challenges,and opportunities

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CAAI Transactions on Intelligence Technology 2024年第2期9卷 265-285页

作者： Tajinder Kumar Purushottam Sharma Jaswinder Tanwar Hisham Alsghier Shashi Bhushan Hesham Alhumyani Vivek Sharma Ahmed I.Alutaibi CSE department JMIETIYamunanagarHaryanaIndia department of Information Technology ASETAmity University Uttar PradeshNoidaIndia Tata Communications Limited New DelhiIndia department of Information Technology College of Computer and Information SciencesMajmaah UniversityMajmaahSaudi Arabia Amity School of Engineering and Technology Amity UniversityPatnaBiharIndia department of Computer Engineering College of Computers and Information TechnologyTaif UniversityTaifSaudi Arabia department of Computer Engineering College of Computer and Information SciencesMajmaah UniversityMajmaahSaudi Arabia

Cloud computing has drastically changed the delivery and consumption of live streaming *** designs,challenges,and possible uses of cloud computing for live streaming are studied.A comprehensive overview of the technical and business issues surrounding cloudbased live streaming is provided,including the benefits of cloud computing,the various live streaming architectures,and the challenges that live streaming service providers face in delivering high‐quality,real‐time *** different techniques used to improve the performance of video streaming,such as adaptive bit‐rate streaming,multicast distribution,and edge computing are discussed and the necessity of low‐latency and high‐quality video transmission in cloud‐based live streaming is *** such as improving user experience and live streaming service performance using cutting‐edge technology,like artificial intelligence and machine learning are *** addition,the legal and regulatory implications of cloud‐based live streaming,including issues with network neutrality,data privacy,and content moderation are *** future of cloud computing for live streaming is examined in the section that follows,and it looks at the most likely new developments in terms of trends and *** technology vendors,live streaming service providers,and regulators,the findings have major policy‐relevant *** on how stakeholders should address these concerns and take advantage of the potential presented by this rapidly evolving sector,as well as insights into the key challenges and opportunities associated with cloud‐based live streaming are provided.

关键词： cloud computing video analysis video coding

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The Hidden Sexual Minorities:Machine Learning Approaches to Estimate the Sexual Minority Orientation Among Beijing College Students

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Journal of social Computing 2022年第2期3卷 128-138页

作者： Yunsong Chen Guangye He Guodong Ju the department of Sociology Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China the department of social policy London School of Economics and Political ScienceLondonWC2A 2AEUK

Based on the fourth-wave Beijing College Students Panel Survey(BCSPS),this study aims to provide accurate estimation of the percentage of the potential sexual minorities among the Beijing college students by using machine learning ***,we employ random forest(RF),an ensemble learning approach for classification and regression,to predict the sexual orientation of those who were not willing to disclose his/her inherent sexual *** overcome the imbalance problem arising from far different numerical proportion of sexual minority and majority members,we adopt the repeated random sub-sampling for training set by partitioning those who expressed heterosexual orientation into different number of splits and further combining each split with those who expressed sexual minority *** prediction from 24-split random forest suggests that youths in Beijing with sexual minority orientation amount to 5.71%,almost two times that of the original estimation 3.03%.The results are robust to alternative learning methods and covariate ***,it is also suggested that random forest outperforms other learning algorithms,including AdaBoost,Naïve Bayes,support vector machine(SVM),and logistic regression,in dealing with missing data,by showing higher accuracy,F1 score,and area under curve(AUC)value.

关键词： sexual minority orientation imbalanced missing data random forest machine learning

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Evolutionary and ecological genomics of non-model plants

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2011年第1期49卷 17-24页

作者： Thomas MITCHELL-OLDS Institute for Genome Sciences and policy Department of Biology Duke University

Dissecting evolutionary dynamics of ecologically important traits is a long-term challenge for biologists. Attempts to understand natural variation and molecular mechanisms have motivated a move from laboratory model systems to non-model systems in diverse natural environments. Next generation sequencing methods, along with an expansion of genomic resources and tools, have fostered new links between diverse disciplines, including molecular biology, evolution, ecology, and genomics. Great progress has been made in a few non-model wild plants, such as Arabidopsis relatives, monkey flowers, and wild sunflowers. Until recently, the lack of comprehensive genomic information has limited evolutionary and ecological studies to larger QTL (quantitative trait locus) regions rather than single gene resolution, and has hindered recognition of general patterns of natural variation and local adaptation. Further efforts in accumulating genomic data and developing bioinformatic and biostatistical tools are now poised to move this field forward. Integrative national and international collaborations and research communities are needed to facilitate development in the field of evolutionary and ecological genomics.

关键词： candidate genes ecological genomics fitness natural selection population genomics QTL.

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