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Effect of in ovo feeding of xylobiose and xylotriose on plasma immunoglobulin, cecal metabolites production, microbial ecology, and metabolic pathways in broiler chickens

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第4期15卷 1578-1589页

作者： Razib Das Pravin Mishra Birendra Mishra Rajesh Jha Department of human Nutrition Food and Animal SciencesCollege of Tropical Agriculture and Human ResourcesUniversity of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHI 96822USA

Background Dietary supplementation of xylooligosac charides(XOS) has been found to influence gut health by manipulating cecal microbiota and producing microbe-origin *** no study investigated and compared the effect of in ovo feeding of xylobiose(XOS2) and xy lotriose(XOS3) in *** study investigated the effect of in ovo feeding of these XOS compounds on post-hatch gut health parameters in chickens.A total of 144 fertilized chicken eggs were divided into three groups:a) non-injected control(CON),b) XOS2,and c) *** the 17^(th) embryonic day,the eggs of the XOS2 and XOS3 groups were injected with 3 mg of XOS2 and XOS3 diluted in 0.5 mL of 0.85% normal saline through the amniotic *** hatching,the chicks were raised for 21 *** was collected on d 14 to measure plasma *** digests were collected for measuring short-chain fatty acids(SCFA) on d 14 and 21,and for microbial ecology and microbial metabolic pathway analyses on d 7 and *** The results were considered significantly different at P<*** quantified plasma IgA and IgG on d 14chickens,revealing no differences among the *** chromatography results showed no significant differences in the concentrations of cecal SCFAs on d 14 but significant differences on d ***;the SCFA concentrations were lower in the XOS3 than in the CON group on d *** cecal metagenomics data showed that the abundance of the family Clostridiaceae significantly decreased on d 7,and the abundance of the family Oscillospiraceae increased on d 21 in the XOS2 compared to the *** was a reduction in the relative abundance of genus Clostridium sense stricto 1 in the XOS2 compared to the CON on d 7 and the genus Ruminococcus,torques in both XOS2 and XOS3 groups compared to the CON on d *** XOS2 and XOS3 groups reduced the genes for chondroitin sulfate degradation Ⅰ and L-histidine degradation Ⅰpathways,which contribute to improved gut health,respectivelyc in the micr

关键词： Broiler In ovo Metagenomics Prebiotic Xylooligosaccharides

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Embryonic thermal manipulation:a potential strategy to mitigate heat stress in broiler chickens for sustainable poultry production

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第4期15卷 1347-1375页

作者： Sadid Al Amaz Birendra Mishra Department of human Nutrition Food and Animal SciencesCollege of Tropical Agriculture and Human ResourcesUniversity of Hawaii at ManoaAgSci 2161955 East‑West RdHonoluluHI 96822USA

Due to high environmental temperatures and climate change, heat stress is a severe concern for poultry health and production, increasing the propensity for food insecurity. With climate change causing higher temperatures and erratic weather patterns in recent years, poultry are increasingly vulnerable to this environmental stressor. To mitigate heat stress, nutritional, genetic, and managerial strategies have been implemented with some success. However, these strategies did not adequately and sustainably reduce the heat stress. Therefore, it is crucial to take proactive measures to mitigate the effects of heat stress on poultry, ensuring optimal production and promoting poultry well-being. Embryonic thermal manipulation(TM) involves manipulating the embryonic environment's temperature to enhance broilers' thermotolerance and growth performance. One of the most significant benefits of this approach is its cost-effectiveness and saving time associated with traditional management practices. Given its numerous advantages, embryonic TM is a promising strategy for enhancing broiler production and profitability in the poultry industry. TM increases the standard incubation temperature in the mid or late embryonic stage to induce epigenetic thermal adaption and embryonic metabolism. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the available literature and scientific evidence of the beneficial effect of pre-hatch thermal manipulation on broiler health and performance.

关键词： Broiler Embryo Epigenetics Global warming Thermoregulation

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Acute symptomatic seizures in newborns:a narrative review

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Acta Epileptologica 2024年第1期7卷 1-13页

作者： Carlotta Spagnoli Francesco Pisani Child Neurology unit Pediatric DepartmentAzienda USL-IRCCS Di Reggio EmiliaReggio Emilia42123Italy Child Neurology and Psychiatry unit Department of Human NeurosciencesSapienza University of RomeRome00185Italy Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I Rome00185Italy

Acute symptomatic seizures are the main sign of neurological dysfunction in *** is linked to the unique characteristics of the neonatal brain,making it hyperexcitable compared to older ages,and to the common occurrence of some forms of acquired brain injury,namely hypoxic-ischemic *** this narrative review we will provide an overview of neonatal seizures definition,their main underlying etiologies,diagnostic work-up and differential diagnoses,and will discuss about therapeutic options and prognostic *** latest publications from the ILAE Task Force on Neonatal Seizures will be presented and *** note,they highlight the current lack of robust evidence in this field of clinical *** will also report on specificities pertaining to low-and-middle income countries in terms of incidence,main etiologies and *** possibilities offered by telemedicine and automated seizures detection will also be summarized in order to provide a framework for future directions in seizures diagnosis and management with a global *** challenges and opportunities for improving identification,monitoring and treatment of acute symptomatic seizures in newborns *** current caveats potentially represent different lines of research with the aim to provide better care and reach a deeper understanding of this important topic of neonatal neurology.

关键词： Acute symptomatic Neonatal seizures EEG Newborn Outcome Diagnosis Etiologies

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Pre‑hatch thermal manipulation of embryos and post‑hatch baicalein supplementation mitigated heat stress in broiler chickens

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 1071-1085页

作者： Sadid Al Amaz Ajay Chaudhary Prem Lal Mahato Rajesh Jha Birendra Mishra Department of human Nutrition Food and Animal SciencesCollege of Tropical Agriculture and Human ResourcesUniversity of Hawai’i at ManoaAgSci 2161955 East‑West RdHonoluluHI 96822USA

Background High environmental temperatures induce heat stress in broiler chickens,affecting their health and pro-duction *** dietary,managerial,and genetics strategies have been tested with some success in mitigating heat stress(HS)in *** novel HS mitigation strategies for sustaining broiler production is critically *** study investigated the effects of pre-hatch thermal manipulation(TM)and post-hatch baica-lein supplementation on growth performance and health parameters in heat-stressed *** Six hundred fertile Cobb 500 eggs were incubated for 21 *** candling on embryonic day(ED)10,238 eggs were thermally manipulated at 38.5℃ with 55%relative humidity(RH)from ED 12 to 18,then transferred to the hatcher(ED 19 to 21,standard temperature)and 236 eggs were incubated at a controlled temperature(37.5℃)till *** hatch,180-day-old chicks from both groups were raised in 36 pens(n=10 birds/pen,6 replicates per treatment).The treatments were:1)Control,2)TM,3)control heat stress(CHS),4)thermal manipulation heat stress(TMHS),5)control heat stress supplement(CHSS),and 6)thermal manipulation heat stress supplement(TMHSS).All birds were raised under the standard environment for 21 d,followed by chronic heat stress from d 22 to 35(32–33℃ for 8 h)in the CHS,TMHS,CHSS,and TMHSS groups.A thermoneutral(22–24℃)environment was maintained in the Control and TM *** was constant(50%±5%)throughout the *** the data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA in R and GraphPad software at P<0.05 and are presented as mean±*** stress significantly decreased(P<0.05)the final body weight and ADG in CHS and TMHS groups compared to the other *** TM significantly increased(P<0.05)the expression of heat shock protein-related genes(HSP70,HSP90,and HSPH1)and antioxidant-related genes(GPX1 and TXN).TMHS birds showed a significant increment(P<0.05)in total cecal volatile fatty acid(VFA)concentration compared to the CHS bird

关键词： Baicalein Growth performance Gut microbiota Heat stress Thermal manipulation

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Photocatalytic transformation of selected biomass derivatives to value added chemicals and hydrogen fuel

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第3期35卷 19-26页

作者： Xiangjun Liu Shuai Zhang Miao Wang Junqi Wang School of human Settlements and Civil Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an 710049China

Biomass is the most bountiful renewable carbon resource on *** transformation is a promising method to utilize biomass to obtain high-value-added chemicals and it has more obvious advantages compared with thermochemical and biological processes due to the milder operational conditions,fewer reagents and *** material is one of the most common kinds of heterogeneous biomass photocatalysts,which has the advantages of high selectivity,stable catalytic performance,long activation time,and low *** this paper,the significant research progress on the photocatalytic transformation of biomass with semiconductor materials to produce high-value-added chemicals is reviewed,and the three most typical semiconductor photocatalysts(TiO_(2),Cd S,and g-C_(3)N_(4))are *** photocatalytic mechanism and photocatalytic system optimization including structural modification,metal co-catalyst loading,and introduction of heterojunction are ***,the main problems,the development direction and trend of semiconductor materials in photocatalytic transformations of biomass in the future are prospected,which provide guidance and inspiration for the further development of semiconductor photocatalysts and make contributions to the progress in efficient utilization of biomass.

关键词： Photocatalytic transformation Biomass Semiconductor material H_(2) High value-added chemical

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Sperm function, mitochondrial activity and in vivo fertility are associated to their mitochondrial DNA content in pigs

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第4期15卷 1550-1558页

作者： Marc Llavanera Yentel Mateo‑Otero Estel Vinolas‑Vergés Sergi Bonet Marc Yeste unit of Cell Biology Department of BiologyFaculty of SciencesUniversity of GironaGirona ES‑17003Spain Biotechnology of Animal and human Reproduction(TechnoSperm) Institute of Food and Agricultural TechnologyUniversity of GironaGirona ES‑17003Spain Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies(ICREA) Barcelona ES‑08010Spain

Background Despite their low abundance in sperm, mitochondria have diverse functions in this cell type, includ-ing energy production, signalling and calcium regulation. In humans, sperm mitochondrial DNA content(mtDNAc) has been reported to be negatively linked to sperm function and fertility. Yet, the association between mtDNAc and sperm function in livestock remains unexplored. For this reason, this study aimed to shed some light on the link between mtDNAc and sperm function and fertilising potential in pigs. A qPCR method for mtDNAc quantification was optimised for pig sperm, and the association of this parameter with sperm motility, kinematics, mitochondrial activity, and fertility was subsequently *** First, the q PCR method was found to be sensitive and efficient for mtDNAc quantification in pig sperm. By using this technique, mtDNAc was observed to be associated to sperm motility, mitochondrial activity and in vivo, but not in vitro, fertility outcomes. Specifically, sperm with low mtDNAc were seen to exhibit greater motility but decreased mitochondrial activity and intracellular reactive oxygen species. Interestingly, samples with lower mtD-NAc showed higher conception and farrowing rates, but similar in vitro fertilisation rates and embryo development, when compared to those with greater *** These findings enrich our comprehension of the association of mtDNAc with sperm biology, and lay the foundation for future research into employing this parameter as a molecular predictor for sperm function and fer-tility in livestock.

关键词： Fertility Mitochondria Motility mtDNA copy number qPCR Sperm

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Resistance risk assessment of six pyrethroids and acephate toward the resistant adult tarnished plant bug,Lygus lineolaris

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Insect Science 2024年第3期31卷 792-802页

作者： Yuzhe Du Shane Scheibener Yucheng Zhu Maribel Portilla Mingling Zhang USDA-ARS Southern Insect Management Research UnitStonevilleUSA USDA-ARS Pollinator Health in Southern Crop Ecosystem Research UnitStonevilleUSA

Due to rapidly developed resistance,pest management relies less on pyrethroids to control economically damaging infestations of the tarnished plant bug(TPB),Lygus lineolaris(Palisot de Beauvois)in cotton fields of ***,pyrethroid resistance remains prevalent in TPB *** study assessed the resistance levels in adult TPB to six common pyrethroids and *** TBPs were collected from wild host plants in late October after harvest in the Mississippi Delta region of the united *** on LCso values,the field-resistant TPBs displayed higher resistance to permethrin,esfenvalerate,and bifenthrin(approximately 30 fold)and moderate resistance toα-cyhalothrin,β-cyfluthrin,5-cypermethrin,and acephate(approximately 15 fold).Further investigations showed that the inhibitors of three detoxification enzyme,triphenyl phosphate(TPP),diethyl maleate(DEM),and piperonyl butoxide(PBO)had synergistic effects on permethrin,γ-cyhalothrin,and bifenthrin in resistant ***,elevated esterase,GST,and P450 activities were significantly expressed in fieldresistant ***,GST and esterase were reduced after 48 h exposure to certain pyrethroids at LCso *** synergistic and biochemical assays consistently indicated that P450 and esterase were involved in pyrethroid detoxification in *** study provides valuable information for the continued use of pyrethroids and acephate in controlling TPBs in cotton fields in the Mississippi Delta region of the united States.

关键词： cytochrome P450-monooxygenases(P450) detoxification enzyme activities esterase Lygus lineolaris pyrethroids and organophosphate resistance tarnished plant bug

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Considerations for exerkine research focusing on the response to exercise training

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第2期13卷 130-132页

作者： Ian A.J.Darragh Brendan Egan School of Health and human Performance Dublin City UniversityGlasnevinDublin D09 V209Ireland Florida Institute for human and Machine Cognition PensacolaFL 32502USA

García-Hermoso and colleagues1 recently published a systematic literature review and meta-analysis on exercise training-induced changes in exerkine concentrations in type 2diabetes mellitus patients,providing a contemporary view on how exerkines respond to exercise *** review prompted us to highlight 2 additional considerations that should be taken into account when studying the response of exerkines to exercise ***,whether exerkines can exhibit discordant responses to acute exercise compared to exercise training,and secondly,the need to consider the residual effects of the most recent exercise bout.

关键词： acute exercise prompt

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Learning about good nutrition with the 5-color front-of-package label"Nutri-Score":an experimental study

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Food Science and human Wellness 2024年第3期13卷 1195-1200页

作者： Robin C.Hau Klaus W.Lange University of Applied Sciences Landshut Landshut 84036Germany Faculty of human Sciences University of RegensburgRegensburg 93040Germany

The Nutri-Score is a 5-color front-of-pack nutrition label designed to provide consumers with an easily understandable guideline to the healthiness of food *** impact that the Nutri-Score may have on consumers'choices is unclear since different experimental paradigms have found vastly different effect *** the present study,we have investigated how student participants change a hypothetical personal 1-daydietary plan after a learning phase during which they learn about the Nutri-Scores of the available food *** were instructed to compose a healthy diet plan in order that the question of whether the NutriScore would improve their ability to compose a healthy dietary plan could be investigated,independent of the question of whether they would apply this knowledge in their ordinary *** found a substantial(Cohen's d=0.86)positive impact on nutritional quality(as measured by the Nutrient Profiling System score of the Food Standards Agency)and a medium-sized(Cohen's d=0.43)reduction of energy *** content reduction was larger for participants who had initially composed plans with higher energy *** results suggest that the Nutri-Score has the potential to guide consumers to healthier food *** remains unclear,however,whether this potential will be reflected in real-life dietary choices.

关键词： Nutri-Score Front-of-package label Nudge Nutrition Health

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Chromatin condensation but not DNA integrity of pig sperm is greater in the sperm-rich fraction

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第1期15卷 171-181页

作者： Estel Viñolas-Vergés Jordi Ribas-Maynou Isabel Barranco Camila Peres Rubio Sergi Bonet Jordi Roca Marc Yeste unit of Cell Biology Department of BiologyFaculty of SciencesUniversity of GironaGironaSpain Biotechnology of Animal and human Reproduction(TechnoSperm) Institute of Food and Agricultural TechnologyUniversity of GironaGironaSpain Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery Faculty of Veterinary ScienceUniversity of MurciaMurciaSpain Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies(ICREA) S08010 BarcelonaSpain

Background Protamination and condensation of sperm chromatin as well as DNA integrity play an essential role during fertilization and embryo *** some mammals,like pigs,ejaculates are emitted in three separate fractions:pre-sperm,sperm-rich(SRF)and post sperm-rich(PSRF).These fractions are known to vary in volume,sperm concentration and quality,as well as in the origin and composition of seminal plasma(SP),with differences being also observed within the SRF ***,whether disparities in the DNA integrity and chromatin condensation and pro-tamination of their sperm exist has not been *** This study determined chromatin protamination(Chromomycin A3 test,CMA_(3)),condensation(Dibromobi-mane test,DBB),and DNA integrity(Comet assay)in the pig sperm contained in the first 10 m L of the SRF(SRF-P1),the remaining portion of the sperm-rich fraction(SRF-P2),and the post sperm-rich fraction(PSRF).While chromatin protamination was found to be similar between the different ejaculate fractions(P>0.05),chromatin condensation was seen to be greater in SRF-P1 and SRF-P2 than in the PSRF(P=0.018 and P=0.004,respectively).Regarding DNA integrity,no differences between fractions were observed(P>0.05).As the SRF-P1 has the highest sperm concentra-tion and ejaculate fractions are known to differ in antioxidant composition,the oxidative stress index(OSi)in SP,calcu-lated as total oxidant activity divided by total antioxidant capacity,was tested and confirmed to be higher in the SRF-P1 than in SRF-P2 and PSRF(0.42±0.06 vs.0.23±0.09 and 0.08±0.00,respectively;P<0.01);this index,in addition,was observed to be correlated to the sperm concentration of each fraction(Rs=0.973;P<0.001).Conclusion While sperm DNA integrity was not found to differ between ejaculate fractions,SRF-P1 and SRF-P2 were observed to exhibit greater chromatin condensation than the *** could be related to the OSi of each fraction.

关键词： Chromatin Condensation DNA integrity Ejaculate fractions Pig Protamination Sperm

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