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An Improved Practical Byzantine Fault-Tolerant Algorithm Based on XGBoost Grouping for Consortium Chains

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第1期82卷 1295-1311页

作者： Xiaowei Wang Haiyang Zhang Jiasheng Zhang Yingkai Ge Kexin Cui Zifu Peng Zhengyi Li Lihua Wang college of electronic and information engineering Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdao266590China

In response to the challenges presented by the unreliable identity of the master node,high communication overhead,and limited network support size within the Practical Byzantine Fault-Tolerant(PBFT)algorithm for consortium chains,we propose an improved PBFT algorithm based on XGBoost grouping called XG-PBFT in this ***-PBFT constructs a dataset by training important parameters that affect node performance,which are used as classification indexes for *** XGBoost algorithm then is employed to train the dataset,and nodes joining the system will be grouped according to the trained grouping *** them,the nodes with higher parameter indexes will be assigned to the consensus group to participate in the consensus,and the rest of the nodes will be assigned to the general group to receive the consensus *** order to reduce the resource waste of the system,XG-PBFT optimizes the consensus protocol for the problem of high complexity of PBFT ***,we evaluate the performance of *** experimental results show that XG-PBFT can significantly improve the performance of throughput,consensus delay and communication complexity compared to the original PBFT algorithm,and the performance enhancement is significant compared to other algorithms in the case of a larger number of *** results demonstrate that the XG-PBFT algorithm is more suitable for large-scale consortium chains.

关键词： Consortium chain PBFT grouping reputation XGBoost

Multi-party quantum private comparison of size relationship based on one-direction quantum walks on a circle

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Science China(information Sciences) 2025年

作者： Jintao WANG Jiangyuan LIAN Tianyu YE college of information & electronic engineering Zhejiang Gongshang University

Quantum walks (QW) are the quantum counterpart of classical random walks, and portray a natural stochastic process when the walker randomly wanders around. In a discretetime QW system on a circle, when the walker particle generally steps towards two directions, i.e., clockwise and anticlockwise, this kind of QW is called two-direction quantum walks on a circle (TDQWC); and the walker particle always steps towards one direction or stays stationary, this kind of QW is called as one-direction quantum walks on a circle (ODQWC).

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Construction of 3D porous Cu_(1.81)S/nitrogen-doped carbon frameworks for ultrafast and long-cycle life sodium-ion storage

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2025年第1期32卷 191-200页

作者： Chen Chen Hongyu Xue Qilin Hu Mengfan Wang Pan Shang Ziyan Liu Tao Peng Deyang Zhang Yongsong Luo Key Laboratory of Microelectronics and Energy of Henan Province Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of New Energy Storage TechnologyCollege of Physics and Electronic EngineeringXinyang Normal UniversityXinyang 464000China School of physics and electronic engineering Nanyang Normal UniversityNanyang 473061China

Transition metal sulfides have great potential as anode mterials for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)due to their high theoretical specific ***,the inferior intrinsic conductivity and large volume variation during sodiation-desodiation processes seriously affect its high-rate and long-cyde performance,unbeneficial for the application as fast-charging and long-cycling SIBs ***,the three-dimensional porous Cu_(1.81)S/nitrogen-doped carbon frameworks(Cu_(1.81)S/NC)are synthesized by the simple and facile sol-gel and annealing processes,which can accommodate the volumetric expansion of Cu_(1.81)S nanoparticles and accelerate the transmission of ions and electrons during Na^(+)insertion/extraction processes,exhibiting the excellent rate capability(250.6 mA·g^(-1)at 20.0 A·g^(-1))and outstanding cycling stability(70% capacity retention for 6000 cycles at 10.0 A·g^(-1))for ***,the Na-ion full cells coupled with Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)/C cathode also demonstrate the satisfactory reversible specific capacity of 330.5 mAh·g^(-1)at 5.0 A·g^(-1)and long-cycle performance with the 86.9% capacity retention at 2.0 A·g^(-1)after 750 *** work proposes a promising way for the conversionbased metal sulfides for the applications as fast-charging sodium-ion battery anode.

关键词： copper sulfide nanoparticles porous carbon framework fast charging long-cycle performance sodium-ion full batteries

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Distributed fiber optic sensing system for vibration monitoring of 3D printed bridges

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Optoelectronics Letters 2025年第1期21卷 28-34页

作者： ZHAO Shuai ZHOU Ran LUO Mingming LIU Jianfei LIU Xiongfei ZHOU Tao School of electronic information engineering Hebei University of Technology Tianjin Key Laboratory of electronic Materials and Devices School of Civil engineering and Transportation Hebei University of Technology Tianjin Jinhang Institute of Technical physics

The fiber optic sensing technology provides data support in structural health monitoring of the macro facilities, including design, construction, and maintenance of bridges, tunnels, ports and other infrastructures. In this paper, a distributed vibration sensing system is proved to be responsive to a single touch over a 1.8-m-long equivalent fiber segment, covering a vibration frequency from 5 Hz to 25 kHz. The sensing fiber was arranged as an S type layout on the bridge to recognize the standing state, windblown disturbance, and walking vibration. Moreover, the knocking and climbing events are recognized fiber laying spinning lines and hanging on the fences, respectively. The demonstration shows an accurate positioning and sensitive vibration monitoring applied on the automated three-dimensional(3D) printed bridge, which is applicable to all kinds of 3D printed facilities as intelligent sensory neuro-networks.

关键词： Spinning (fibers)

Bifunctional bridging capping layer enables 24.5% efficiency of perovskite solar cells with polymer-based hole transport materials

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Science China Chemistry 2025年第1期68卷 350-359页

作者： Can Zhu Yiyang Wang Lei Meng Beibei Qiu Jing Li Shucheng Qin Ke Hu Xin Jiang Wenbin Lai Minchao Liu Zhe Liu Chenxing Lu Jinyuan Zhang Yongfang Li Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Chemical Science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Solid State Optoelectronic Devices of Zhejiang Province College of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering Zhejiang Normal University Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow University

Developing a bridge capping layer between perovskite and hole transport layer materials（HTMs） in the n-i-p perovskite solar cells（pero-SCs） is an effective approach to modify the morphology of HTMs and passivate the perovskite ***, we select the quinoxaline-based bifunctional passivation agent, quinoxalin-6-yl-methylamine hydrochloride（Qx MACl）,as the bridging layer, and a D-A copolymer PBQ12 containing the same quinoxaline unit as an HTM for the n-i-p pero-SCs. Due to the π-π stacking among the common quinoxaline units in the bridge layer and HTM, Qx MACl induces the π-π stacking of the PBQ12 film and improves the film morphology of HTMs with better conductivity. Additionally, Qx MACl can effectively passivate the perovskite surface, and PBQ12 possesses appropriate energy levels and high hole mobility. The pero-SCs based on FAPbI3with PBQ12/Qx MACl treatment showed a higher power conversion efficiency（PCE） of 24.05% and outstanding stability, maintaining 95.4% and 92.1% of its initial PCE after 750 h of storage and after over 800 h of thermal annealing at 85 °C, respectively. To further enhance the PCE of the PBQ12/Qx MACl-based devices, we developed a non-metal ion dopant for the PBQ12 HTM. Through trace doping of PBQ12 HTM by the non-metal ion dopant, the PCE of the PBQ12/Qx MACl-based devices reached 25.24%（the calibrated PCE of 24.55% by the National Institute of Metrology, China）.

关键词： D-A copolymer, hole transport materials, bifunctional bridge capping layer, passivation perovskite solar cells

Investigations of liquid-liquid transitions in metallic melts by fast differential scanning calorimetry

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Science China(physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年

作者： Qi Cheng Yonghao Sun Weihua Wang Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University School of physics and electronic information Anhui Normal University Institute of physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Songshan Lake Materials Lab

Liquid-liquid transition in metallic melts is an intriguing phenomenon often confused with liquid-liquid separation, oxidation or precipitation. Here, we employ a state-of-the-art ultrafast chip-based differential scanning calorimeter to investigate the thermal behavior of six metallic melts, ranging from unary to quinary systems, at temperatures above their liquidus. Calorimetric signals of liquid-liquid transition vary across systems: Sn melts showed no direct endothermic or exothermic events, though liquid-liquid transition influenced solidification and melting temperatures, while Yb-Zn melts exhibited an exothermic peak during cooling,indicating liquid-liquid transition. Thermal signals in other systems including Li, Pd-Ni-P, Yb-Mg-Zn-Cu and Au-Ag-Pd-Cu-Si,are primarily driven by compositional changes. Our in-situ analysis provides new insights into the structural and compositional evolution of metallic melts, offering significant implications for the design and processing of novel materials.

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Laser image refractive index sensor based on the combination of a coreless optical fiber and a digital camera

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Optoelectronics Letters 2025年第2期21卷 65-68页

作者： GUO Jingzhong LAN Feng CHEN Xiang LIU Haifeng Xi'an Institute of Space Radio Technology Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Sensor and Sensing Network Technology College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering Nankai University

As a laser passes through a scattering medium,the light interacts with the irregular reflections within the medium,resulting in light scattering and the formation of *** this paper,an image sensor based on the combination of a coreless optical fiber and a digital camera is proposed for liquid refractive index sensing *** coreless fiber is used as a sensing unit,and the change in the speckle pattern is measured using the digital correlation method to detect the magnitude of the liquid's refractive *** experimental results indicate that the laser image sensing technique is capable of effectively distinguishing liquid samples with refractive indices ranging from 1.332 8 to1.390 8,with a sensing sensitivity of-1.306 ***,the laser image sensing technique,with its advantages of high experimental reproducibility,simple system design,remote over-control,holds great research significance and potential application in laser communication and sensor integration.

关键词： Digital cameras

High-performance transparent graphene-based antennas

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Science China Technological Sciences 2025年

作者： Chaoye HONG Lusong WEI Weijia WANG Youmei TANG Qinghai ZHU Jiangtao HUANGFU Mingsheng XU college of Integrated Circuits State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials Zhejiang University college of information Science and electronic engineering Zhejiang University

With the continuous development of wireless communication technology, applications in the military, aerospace,and vehicle wireless communication sectors have demanded miniaturized and aesthetically pleasing antennas. Transparent antennas, which combine the advantages of optical and radio-frequency(RF) technologies, have become a popular research topic. However, existing transparent antennas often suffer from complex preparation processes, fragile materials, poor conductivity, and low optical transmittance. Here, we develop hybrid conductive thin films using graphene and silver nanowires,achieving a transmittance of 86% and a sheet resistance of 7.8 Ω/sq with high environmental stability. We demonstrate the suitability of this nanocomposite in two applications: a transparent ultrahigh-frequency RF-identification tag folded dipole antenna and a transparent X-band microwave half-wave dipole antenna. These antennas offer high gain, high radiation efficiency, and small size, indicating that transparent graphene-based antennas have remarkable potential for intelligent information sensor systems.

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Distributed optimal consensus control for multiagent systems based on event-triggered and prioritized experience replay strategies

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Science China(information Sciences) 2025年第1期68卷 306-321页

作者： Cuijuan ZHANG Lianghao JI Shasha YANG Xing GUO Huaqing LI Chongqing Key Laboratory of Image Cognition Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Computing of Anhui Province Anqing Normal University college of electronic and information engineering Southwest University

This study uses event-triggered(ET) and reinforcement learning methods to investigate the optimal consensus control problem for cooperative-competitive multiagent systems. It proposes a novel distributed ET control strategy, which relies on a prioritized experience replay(PER) policy. This strategy not only conserves communication resources but also ensures acceptable system performance. To implement the proposed method, actor-critic(AC) dual-structured neural networks(NNs) are used to approximate the value function and control policy. In the AC NNs, the weight estimates for the NNs are updated at the moment of event triggering, resulting in a nonperiodic weight adjustment pattern. This approach decreases the computational cost in comparison with the traditional ET mechanism. The PER-based ET mechanism makes full use of valid historical data and effectively establishes a balance between system performance and communication resource ***, it does not require the following two conditions in most existing studies:(1) requirement of the system dynamics model to be known, and(2) persistent excitation. In addition, Zeno behavior is excluded from this study. Finally, a simulation is conducted to confirm the validity of the suggested approach.

关键词： multiagent systems event-triggered mechanism prioritized experience replay dual-structured neural networks optimal consensus control