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transport mechanism in chemically reactive hybrid nanofluid flow containing gyrotactic micro-organisms over a curved oscillatory surface

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2025年第1期46卷 177-192页

作者： M.NAVEED M.IMRAN t.ASGHAR Z.ABBAS department of Mathematics Division of Science and TechnologyUniversity of Education department of Mathematics The Islamia University of Bahawalpur

this paper examines the transport analysis, including both heat transfer and mass transfer, in hybrid nanofluid flow containing gyrotactic microorganisms towards a curved oscillatory surface. the influence of magnetic fields is also inspected in terms of their physical characteristics. to depict the phenomena of transport, modified versions of both Fick's and Fourier's laws are used. Additionally, the characteristics of both heterogeneous and homogeneous chemical reactions are also incorporated. Utilizing a curvilinear coordinate system, the flow problem is formulated as partial differential equations(PDEs)for momentum, concentration, microorganism field, and energy. An analytical solution to the obtained flow equations is achieved utilizing the homotopy analysis method(HAM).the effects of significant flow parameters on the pressure and microorganism fields, velocity, oscillation velocity, concentration, and temperature distributions are shown via graphs. Furthermore, the variations in skin friction, mass transfer rate, heat transfer rate, and local motile number due to different involved parameters are presented in tables and are analyzed in detail. Graphical results indicate that the curves of velocity and temperature fields are enhanced as the values of the solid volume fraction variables *** is also verified that the concentration rate field decreases as the values of the homogeneous reaction strength parameter and the radius of curvature parameter increase, and it increases with the Schmidt number and the heterogeneous reaction strength *** outcomes show a favorable response of the motile number to advanced values of the Peclet number, the Schmidt number, the microorganism difference parameter, and the bio-convective Lewis number.

关键词： hybrid nanofluid oscillating curved stretchable sheet gyrotactic microorganism Cattaneo-Christov heat and mass flux chemical reaction analytical solution O368

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Altered 3D genome reorganization mediates precocious myeloid differentiation of aged hematopoietic stem cells in inflammation

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science China Life sciences 2025年

作者： Xinyu Cui Yu Dong Qiang Zhan Yixin Huang Qianshu Zhu Zihao Zhang Guang Yang Liping Wang Shijun Shen Jia Zhao Zhiyi Lin Jiatong Sun Zhongqu Su Yihan Xiao Chuyu Zhang Yuwei Liang Lu Shen Lichen Ji Xuguang Zhang Jiqing Yin Hong Wang Zhiyang Chen Zhenyu Ju Cizhong Jiang Rongrong Le Shaorong Gao Clinical and translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital Frontier Science Center for Stem Cells School of Life Sciences and Technology Tongji University Key laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education Orthopaedic Department of Tongji Hospital School of Life Sciences and Technology Tongji University Key laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education Institute of Aging and Regenerative Medicine Department of Developmental & Regenerative Medicine College of Life Science and Technology Jinan University Shandong Key laboratory of Animal Bioengineering and Disease Prevention College of Animal Science and Technology Shandong Agricultural University department of Joint Surgery Shanghai East Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health Chinese Academy of Sciences

Inflammation is a driving force of hematopoietic stem cells(HSCs) aging, causing irreversible exhaustion of functional HSCs. However, the underlying mechanism of HSCs erosion by inflammatory insult remains poorly understood. Here, we find that transient LPS exposure primes aged HSCs to undergo accelerated differentiation at the expense of self-renewal, leading to depletion of HSCs. Meanwhile, the central regulator nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB) mediating functional impairment by inflammation insult induces differential transcriptional response in aged HSCs compared with young HSCs, with precocious activation of myeloid lineage genes. Altered compartmentalization and chromatin loop formation are associated with aging-related differential transcriptional response in HSCs upon lipopolysaccharide(LPS)stimulation. Mechanistically, enhancer and promoter regions of myeloid lineage genes in aged HSCs are more accessible and display more rapid and prominent CtCF occupancy upon LPS stimulation. Our study provides comprehensive resources for the three-dimensional(3D)genome structure of HSCs and sheds light into the ordered genome organization and the associated transcriptome signature underlying HSCs aging.

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Research advancements in nanoparticles and cell-based drug delivery systems for the targeted killing of cancer cells

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Oncology research 2025年第1期33卷 27-44页

作者： Meryem A Abdessalem Sirin A Adham department of Biology College of Science Sultan Qaboos University Muscat 123 Oman.

Nanotechnology in cancer therapy has significantly advanced treatment precision, effectiveness, and safety, improving patient outcomes and personalized care. Engineered smart nanoparticles and cell-based therapies are designed to target tumor cells, precisely sensing the tumor microenvironment (tME) and sparing normal cells. these nanoparticles enhance drug accumulation in tumors by solubilizing insoluble compounds or preventing their degradation, and they can also overcome therapy resistance and deliver multiple drugs simultaneously. Despite these benefits, challenges remain in patient-specific responses and regulatory approvals for cell-based or nanoparticle therapies. Cell-based drug delivery systems (DDSs) that primarily utilize the immune-recognition principle between ligands and receptors have shown promise in selectively targeting and destroying cancer cells. this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of various nanoparticle and cell-based drug delivery system types used in cancer research. It covers approved and experimental nanoparticle therapies, including liposomes, micelles, protein-based and polymeric nanoparticles, as well as cell-based DDSs like macrophages, t-lymphocytes, dendritic cells, viruses, bacterial ghosts, minicells, SimCells, and outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). the review also explains the role of tME and its impact on developing smart DDSs in combination therapies and integrating nanoparticles with cell-based systems for targeting cancer cells. By detailing DDSs at different stages of development, from laboratory research to clinical trials and approved treatments, this review provides the latest insights and a collection of valuable citations of the innovative strategies that can be improved for the precise treatment of cancer.

关键词： Cancer Combination therapies Drug delivery Liposomes Micelles Nanoparticles Precision medicine targeted therapy tumor microenvironment (tME)

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Boosting hydrocarbon conversion via Cu-doping induced oxygen vacancies on CeO2 in CO2 electroreduction

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 66-76页

作者： Lei Xue tong Shi Chenhui Han Heng Zhang Fenrong Liu Haorun Li Yan Wang Xiaojun Gu Shanghong Zeng Inner Mongolia Key laboratory of Chemistry and Physics of Rare Earth Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Inner Mongolia University State Key laboratory of Coal Conversion Institute of Coal Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Catalysis Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University National Key laboratory of Baiyunobo Rare Earth Resource Research and Comprehensive Utilization Baotou Research Institute of Rare Earths

Conversion of CO2back to hydrocarbons is the most direct way of closing the“carbon cycle”,and its significance is further enlarged if this process is driven by renewable energies such as ***,precisely controlling the product selectivity towards hydrocarbons against the competitive hydrogen evolution remains challenging,especially for Cu-based ***,we report a novel defect engineering strategy,by which Cu-doping-induced oxygen vacancies on CeO2nanorods were effectively created,with adjustable vacancy/Cu *** resulting optimum catalyst shows up to 79% catalytic current density to hydrocarbons （excluding CO）,with 49% faradaic efficiency to *** and density functional theory unveil that the ratio between oxygen vacancy and Cu affects significantly the formation of*CHO and activation of H2O,which leads to the following deep hydrogenation to *** findings may spur new insights for designing and developing more controllable chemical process relevant to CO2utilization.

关键词： Nanorods

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the pivotal role of microglia in injury and the prognosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 1829-1848页

作者： Wenjing Ning Shi Lv Qian Wang Yuzhen Xu department of Rehabilitation The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical UniversityTaianShandong ProvinceChina department of Central laboratory The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao UniversityTaianShandong ProvinceChina

Subarachnoid hemorrhage leads to a series of pathological changes,including vascular spasm,cellular apoptosis,blood–brain barrier damage,cerebral edema,and white matter ***,which are the key immune cells in the central nervous system,maintain homeostasis in the neural environment,support neurons,mediate apoptosis,participate in immune regulation,and have neuroprotective *** evidence has shown that microglia play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of subarachnoid hemorrhage and affect the process of injury and the prognosis of subarachnoid ***,microglia play certain neuroprotective roles in the recovery phase of subarachnoid *** approaches aimed at modulating microglia function are believed to attenuate subarachnoid hemorrhage *** provides new targets and ideas for the treatment of subarachnoid ***,an in-depth and comprehensive summary of the role of microglia after subarachnoid hemorrhage is still *** review describes the activation of microglia after subarachnoid hemorrhage and their roles in the pathological processes of vasospasm,neuroinflammation,neuronal apoptosis,blood–brain barrier disruption,cerebral edema,and cerebral white matter *** also discusses the neuroprotective roles of microglia during recovery from subarachnoid hemorrhage and therapeutic advances aimed at modulating microglial function after subarachnoid ***,microglia in subarachnoid hemorrhage are targeted with tLR inhibitors,nuclear factor-κB and StAt3 pathway inhibitors,glycine/tyrosine kinases,NLRP3 signaling pathway inhibitors,Gasdermin D inhibitors,vincristine receptorαreceptor agonists,ferroptosis inhibitors,genetic modification techniques,stem cell therapies,and traditional Chinese ***,most of these are still being evaluated at the laboratory *** clinical studies and data on subarachnoid hemorrhage are required to improve the treatment of subarachnoid hemor

关键词： apoptosis blood–brain barrier brain edema microglia neuroinflammation neuron neuroprotection subarachnoid hemorrhage vasoconstriction white matter injury

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金属主链高分子:概念、进展与展望（英文）

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science China Materials 2025年第1期 105-109页

作者：张义锋曾凯雯彭慧胜 State Key laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Institute of Fiber Materials and Devices and Laboratory of Advanced Materials Fudan University

金属主链高分子是一类完全以金属原子作为主链的新材料,有望在材料领域开创出一个全新的研究领域.本文重点介绍了金属主链高分子的概念、合成、结构、性能与应用情况,诠释了金属主链高分子广阔的发展前景.本文也总结介绍了金属主链高分...

金属主链高分子是一类完全以金属原子作为主链的新材料,有望在材料领域开创出一个全新的研究领域.本文重点介绍了金属主链高分子的概念、合成、结构、性能与应用情况,诠释了金属主链高分子广阔的发展前景.本文也总结介绍了金属主链高分子在发展过程中面临的挑战和未来的发展方向.

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Spontaneous Orientation Polarization of Anisotropic Equivalent Dipoles Harnessed by Entropy Engineering for Ultra‑thin Electromagnetic Wave Absorber

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第1期17卷 424-438页

作者： Honghan Wang Xinyu Xiao Shangru Zhai Chuang Xue Guangping Zheng Deqing Zhang Renchao Che Junye Cheng Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic BiorefinerySchool of Light Industry and Chemical EngineeringDalian Polytechnic UniversityDalian 116034People’s Republic of China School of Life science and Biotechnology Dalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024People’s Republic of China department of Mechanical Engineering Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomKowloonHong Kong 999077People’s Republic of China School of Materials science and Engineering Qiqihar UniversityQiqihar 161006People’s Republic of China laboratory of Advanced Materials Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative MaterialsAcademy for Engineering&TechnologyFudan UniversityShanghai 200438People’s Republic of China department of Materials science Shenzhen MSU-BIT UniversityShenzhen 517182People’s Republic of China

the synthesis of carbon supporter/nanoscale high-entropy alloys(HEAs)electromagnetic response composites by carbothermal shock method has been identified as an advanced strategy for the collaborative competition engineering of conductive/dielectric *** migration modes within HEAs as manipulated by the electronegativity,valence electron configurations and molar proportions of constituent elements determine the steady state and efficiency of equivalent ***,enlightened by skin-like effect,a reformative carbothermal shock method using carbonized cellulose paper(CCP)as carbon supporter is used to preserve the oxygencontaining functional groups(O·)of carbonized cellulose fibers(CCF).Nucleation of HEAs and construction of emblematic shell-core CCF/HEAs heterointerfaces are inextricably linked to carbon metabolism induced by O·.Meanwhile,the electron migration mode of switchable electronrich sites promotes the orientation polarization of anisotropic equivalent *** virtue of the reinforcement strategy,CCP/HEAs composite prepared by 35%molar ratio of Mn element(CCP/HEAs-Mn_(2.15))achieves efficient electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorption of−51.35 dB at an ultra-thin thickness of 1.03 *** mechanisms of the resulting dielectric properties of HEAs-based EMW absorbing materials are elucidated by combining theoretical calculations with experimental characterizations,which provide theoretical bases and feasible strategies for the simulation and practical application of electromagnetic functional devices(e.g.,ultra-wideband bandpass filter).

关键词： High-entropy alloys Carbothermal shock Switchable electron migration modes Emblematic shell-core heterointerfaces Ultra-thin thickness

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Semantic Segmentation of Lumbar Vertebrae Using Meijering U-Net(MU-Net)on Spine Magnetic Resonance Images

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & sciences 2025年第1期142卷 733-757页

作者： Lakshmi S V V Shiloah Elizabeth Darmanayagam Sunil Retmin Raj Cyril department of Computer science and Engineering College of Engineering GuindyAnna UniversityChennai600025India department of Information technology Madras Institute of TechnologyAnna UniversityChrompetChennai600044India

Lower back pain is one of the most common medical problems in the world and it is experienced by a huge percentage of people *** to its ability to produce a detailed view of the soft tissues,including the spinal cord,nerves,intervertebral discs,and vertebrae,Magnetic Resonance Imaging is thought to be the most effective method for imaging the *** semantic segmentation of vertebrae plays a major role in the diagnostic process of lumbar *** is difficult to semantically partition the vertebrae in Magnetic Resonance Images from the surrounding variety of tissues,including muscles,ligaments,and intervertebral discs.U-Net is a powerful deep-learning architecture to handle the challenges of medical image analysis tasks and achieves high segmentation *** work proposes a modified U-Net architecture namely MU-Net,consisting of the Meijering convolutional layer that incorporates the Meijering filter to perform the semantic segmentation of lumbar vertebrae L1 to L5 and sacral vertebra ***-colour mask images were generated and used as ground truth for training the *** work has been carried out on 1312 images expanded from t1-weighted mid-sagittal MRI images of 515 patients in the Lumbar Spine MRI Dataset publicly available from Mendeley *** proposed MU-Net model for the semantic segmentation of the lumbar vertebrae gives better performance with 98.79%of pixel accuracy(PA),98.66%of dice similarity coefficient(DSC),97.36%of Jaccard coefficient,and 92.55%mean Intersection over Union(mean IoU)metrics using the mentioned dataset.

关键词： Computer aided diagnosis(CAD) magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) semantic segmentation lumbar vertebrae deep learning U-Net model

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targeting trkB–PSD-95 coupling to mitigate neurological disorders

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 715-724页

作者： Xin Yang Yu-Wen Alvin Huang John Marshall department of Molecular Biology Cell Biology and BiochemistryBrown UniversityProvidenceRIUSA department of Neurology Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityProvidenceRIUSA Center for translational Neuroscience Robert J.and Nancy D.Carney Institute for Brain Science and Brown Institute for Translational ScienceBrown UniversityProvidenceRIUSA

tropomyosin receptor kinase B(trkB)signaling plays a pivotal role in dendritic growth and dendritic spine formation to promote learning and *** activity-dependent release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor at synapses binds to pre-or postsynaptic trkB resulting in the strengthening of synapses,reflected by long-term ***,the association of postsynaptic density protein-95 with trkB enhances phospholipase Cγ-Ca^(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinaseⅡand phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling required for long-term *** this review,we discuss trkB-postsynaptic density protein-95 coupling as a promising strategy to magnify brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling towards the development of novel therapeutics for specific neurological disorders.A reduction of trkB signaling has been observed in neurodegenerative disorders,such as Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease,and enhancement of postsynaptic density protein-95 association with trkB signaling could mitigate the observed deficiency of neuronal connectivity in schizophrenia and *** with brain-derived neurotrophic factor is problematic,due to poor pharmacokinetics,low brain penetration,and side effects resulting from activation of the p75 neurotrophin receptor or the truncated trkB.t1 *** trkB agonists and antibodies that activate trkB are being intensively investigated,they cannot distinguish the multiple human trkB splicing isoforms or cell type-specific *** trkB–postsynaptic density protein-95 coupling provides an alternative approach to specifically boost trkB signaling at localized synaptic sites versus global stimulation that risks many adverse side effects.

关键词： Angelman syndrome autism brain-derived neurotrophic factor depression neurodegenerative disorder neurodevelopmental disorder postsynaptic density protein-95 synaptic plasticity trkB

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Dietary carbohydrate intake and risk of type 2 diabetes:a 16-year prospective cohort study

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science China Life sciences 2025年

作者： Lu Gan Yi Yang Bin Zhao Kai Yu Kehua Guo Fang Fang Zhiguang Zhou Demetrius Albanes Jiaqi Huang Key laboratory of Diabetes Immunology Ministry of Education and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University CSU-Sinocare Research Center for Nutrition and Metabolic Health Xiangya School of Public Health Central South UniversityFurong Laboratory Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer Institute NIH Department of Health and Human Services School of Computer science and Engineering Central South University Institute of Environmental Medicine Karolinska Institute National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology Ministry of Education and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University

Despite considerable research underscoring the importance of carbohydrate intake in relation to the risk of type 2 diabetes(t2D), a comprehensive assessment of this relationship is currently lacking. We aimed to examine the associations of various types and food sources of dietary carbohydrate intake with the risk of t2D, to evaluate potential effect modification by other factors, including genetic susceptibility,and to explore the potential mediators for such associations. the present study included 161,872 participants of the UK Biobank who were free of prevalent cancer, cardiovascular disease, or diabetes, and had at least one validated 24-h dietary recall assessment. Multivariableadjusted age-stratified Cox proportional hazard regression models were applied to estimate hazard ratios(HRs) and 95% confidence intervals(CI) for the associations of various types and food sources of dietary carbohydrate intake with risk of t2D. During a median follow-up of13.6 years, 4,176 incident cases of t2D were identified. In the multivariable-adjusted models, a greater intake of fiber, carbohydrates from whole grains, and carbohydrates from non-starchy vegetables was significantly associated with a lower risk of t2D(highest vs. lowest quantile, HR [95% CI]=0.70 [0.62–0.79], 0.74 [0.67–0.82], and 0.83 [0.75–0.92], respectively, all P for trend trast, a higher intake of starch and carbohydrate from starchy vegetables was associated with an increased risk of t2D(highest vs. lowest quantile, HR [95%CI]=1.31 [1.16–1.48] and 1.19 [1.09–1.31], respectively, both P for trend tarchy vegetables with an equal amount of whole grains or non-starchy vegetables was associated with 4% to 10% lower risk of t2D(all P values the observed associations were generally similar across population subgroups, including individuals with different genetic susceptibility to t2D. Mediation analyses of the inverse association between t

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