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Who says this is a modern disorder? The early history of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

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World Journal of psychiatry 2015年第4期5卷 379-386页

作者： Jose Martinez-Badía Jose Martinez-Raga Facultad de Historia University of Valencia Teaching Unit of psychiatry and Clinical Psychology University of Valencia University Hospital Doctor Peset and University CEU Cardenal Herrera

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) is a complex, heterogeneous and multifactorial neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. Although the first clinical description of a constellation of symptoms highly resembling to what currently could be diagnosed as ADHD is generally attributed to George F Still in 1902, there are scattered but significant published historical medical, scientific and non-scientific reports, much prior to Still's lectures, of what is currently conceptualized as ADHD. The present report aimed at exploring the early history of ADHD, prior to the 20^(th) century in the medical literature and in other historical sources, to provide clinicians, researchers and other professionals with a better understanding of the roots and current conceptualization of this disorder. It is possible to find clues and highly suggestive descriptions of individuals presenting symptoms resembling what is currently defined as ADHD in the literature, in paintings or in the Bible. However, the earliest medical reports of individuals with abnormal degrees of inattention, distractibility and overactivity date from the last quarter of the 18^(th) century, included in two of the first textbooks specifically on the subject of mental diseases, published by the German Melchior Adam Weikard and the Scottish Sir Alexander Crichton. During the 19^(th) century some eminent physicians from Germany, France or Great Britain, such as Charles West, Thomas C Albutt, Thomas S Clouston, William W, Ireland, John Haslam, Heinrich Neumann, or Désiré-Magloire Bourneville, among others provided clinical depictions of patients that most likely presently would be diagnosed as having ADHD. Whilst some of the children described by Still and his predecessors may have suffered from a variety of neurological and psychiatric disorders, many of these patients showed clear symptoms of ADHD and may present with comorbid disorders,

关键词： Attention-deficit disorder Hyperactivity Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder Hyperkinetic disorders History Concept 18th century history 19th century history

Magnetic resonance imaging for chronic pain:diagnosis,manipulation,and biomarkers

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2021年第6期64卷 879-896页

作者： Yiheng Tu Jin Cao Yanzhi Bi Li Hu CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health Institute of PsychologyBeijing 100101China Department of Psychology University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Department of psychiatry Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBoston 02129USA Department of Pain Management The State Key Clinical Specialty in Pain MedicineThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510260China

Pain is a multidimensional subjective experience with biological,psychological,and social *** acute pain can be a warning signal for the body to avoid excessive injury,long-term and ongoing pain may be developed as chronic *** are more than 100 million people in China living with chronic pain,which has raised a huge socioeconomic *** the mechanisms of pain and developing effective analgesia approaches are important for basic and clinical ***,with the development of brain imaging and data analytical approaches,the neural mechanisms of chronic pain have been widely *** the first part of this review,we briefly introduced the magnetic resonance imaging and conventional analytical approaches for brain imaging ***,we reviewed brain alterations caused by several chronic pain disorders,including localized and widespread primary pain,primary headaches and orofacial pain,musculoskeletal pain,and neuropathic pain,and present meta-analytical results to show brain regions associated with the pathophysiology of chronic ***,we reviewed brain changes induced by pain interventions,such as pharmacotherapy,neuromodulation,and ***,we reviewed emerging studies that combined advanced machine learning and neuroimaging techniques to identify diagnostic,prognostic,and predictive biomarkers in chronic pain patients.

关键词： chronic pain magnetic resonance imaging biomarkers machine learning

The Prevalence of High Grade Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN) in a Primary Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Cervical Screening Programme Population with HPV Positive and Cytology Negative Smear Results

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2020年第7期10卷 902-908页

作者： Simon G. Williams Ayesha Anwar Sachinta G. Wijesiri Sangeetha Palaparthy Emma Winter specialty Trainee in O&G South Tyneside and Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust Sunderland UK Consultant Obstetrician and Gynaecologist North Cumbria Integrated Care NHS Foundation Trust Carlisle UK specialty Trainee in O&G County Durham and Darlington NHS Foundation Trust Durham UK specialty Trainee in O&G Queen Elizabeth University Hospital Glasgow UK specialty doctor in Gynaecology and Colposcopy Services North Cumbria Integrated Care NHS Trust Carlisle UK

High-risk HPV is found in 99.7% of cervical cancers. The causative role of HPV in cervical cancer has led to the inclusion of HPV testing as part of cervical screening. A pilot of HPV testing as primary screening was commenced in 2013 at six pilot sites in England. North Cumbria Integrated Care (NCIC) NHS Foundation Trust took part in the pilot, in which women with an HPV-positive/cytology-negative result were recalled at 12 months. Women with HPV type 16/18 found at initial screening and persisting at 12 months in spite of negative cytology were referred to Colposcopy services at 12 months. Women with smear positive for hrHPV other than 16/18 types were recalled twice at 12 and 24 months before referral to colposcopy. Persistent hrHPV positive/cytology negative smear at 12 and 24 months initiated a colposcopy referral. Objective: To assess the prevalence of high grade CIN and invasive cancer in patients referred to colposcopy services at NCIC NHS Foundation Trust with hrHPV positive/cytology negative smears. Method: The study was conducted at NCIC NHS Foundation Trust between January 2015 and December 2017. Data was collected retrospectively from the colposcopy data base (INFOFLEX). All patients with HPV positive/cytology negative smears seen in colposcopy clinic during the study period were included. Patients with high grade CIN, cervical glandular intraepithelial neoplasia (CGIN) or invasive cancer were recorded. Results: 763 women were included in the study. A total of 50 (6.6%) women had high grade CIN, CGIN or invasive cancer. 40 of these 50 women (80%) were treated by large loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ). <

关键词： Cervical Screening Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia Cervical Cancer Human Papillomavirus Colposcopy

The Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Symptoms after the Successful Treatment of the Pineal Germinoma： A Case Report

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Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 2016年第3期4卷 105-107页

作者： Aslihan Okan Ibiloglu Abdullah Atli EsrefAkil Suleyman Demir Mahmut Bulut Assistant Professor doctor Department of Psychiatry Dicle University Medicine Faculty Diyarbakir 21280 Turkey Associate Professor Department of Psychiatry Dicle University Medicine Faculty Diyarbakir 21280 Turkey Associate Professor Department of Neurology Dicle University Medicine Faculty Diyarbakir 21280 Turkey

We report here, a young male patients referred with ＂Obsessive Compulsive Disorder＂ symptoms which emerged after the successful treatment of pineal germinoma. OCD （obsessive-compulsive disorder） is a frequent, chronic, and clinically disorder which may presents in several neurologic disorders, especially occurs, in early adult life. Essential features of OCD are obsessional thoughts, compulsive acts as the ritualistic behavior, anxiety, and specific cognitive impairments. The cause of obsessive-compulsive disorder isn＇t fully understood. One of the many theories of the pathophysioiogy about to OCD is includes with hyperactivity in certain subcortical and cortical regions of brain also, dysfunction of the cortico-striatal circuits, particularly implicated in orbitofrontal cortices and basal ganglions. Additionally, pineal gland functioning is remarkable for the mental health disorders, particularly in OCD. On the basis of the investigations to present case report, we discussed the probable reasons of OCD symptoms, emphasizing the role of pathophysiology including the cortico subcortical pathways in genesis of the symptoms.

关键词： Pineal gland germinoma obsessive compulsive disorder early adult life.

Development of a protocol for videoconferencing-based exposure and response prevention treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic

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World Journal of psychiatry 2023年第2期13卷 60-74页

作者： Sanjana Kathiravan Subho Chakrabarti Department of psychiatry Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research(PGIMER)Chandigarh 160012India

BACKGROUND The existing literature indicates that psychotherapeutic treatment,especially exposure and response prevention(ERP)is efficacious in treating obsessivecompulsive disorder(OCD).The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic adversely impacted many patients with OCD and disrupted their usual ***,the pandemic forced a global switch to telemental health(TMH)services to maintain the standards and continuity of ***,clinicians are increasingly using TMH-based psychotherapeutic treatments to treat ***,several challenges have made it difficult for them to implement these treatments in the changed circumstances imposed by the *** To describe the formulation,implementation,feasibility,and usefulness of videoconferencing-based ERP(VC-ERP)treatment for OCD during the coronavirus disease 2019 *** This prospective,observational study was conducted in the psychiatric unit of a multi-specialty hospital in north India over 12 mo(July 2020-June 2021).All patients with OCD were assessed using the home-based TMH services of the *** VC-ERP protocol for OCD was the outcome of weekly Zoom meetings with a group of clinicians involved in administering the *** a systematic evaluation of the available treatment options,an initial protocol for delivering VC-ERP was *** for clinicians and educational materials for patients and their families were *** protocol was implemented among patients with OCD attending the TMH services,and their progress was *** weekly meetings were used to upgrade the protocol to meet the needs of all *** and efficacy outcomes were *** All patients were diagnosed with OCD as a primary or a comorbid condition according to the International Classification of Diseases,10th version *** of 115 patients who attended the services during the study period,37 were excluded from the final *** the remaining 78 patie

关键词： Videoconferencing Exposure and response prevention Obsessive-compulsive disorder Telemedicine COVID-19

Supportive psychotherapy

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英国医学杂志中文版 2010年第1期13卷 49-49页

作者： Devender Singh Yadav specialty doctor in psychiatry department of psychiatry Princess of Wales Hospital

Dealing with a child with hyperpyrexia induced visual hallucinations is a terrifying *** 4 year old daughter woke up *** said that she could see worms coming out from her fingers,and she would then flick her *** was *** repeated that she could see worms on the bed and wouldn't sleep despite *** couldn't sit still and kept *** wife consoled her and held *** I had given my daughter paracetamol a few hours earlier for the symptoms of flu,I kept dreading the worst and called a paediatrician friend who tried to reassure *** though I'm a doctor,my wife and I ended up taking my daughter to the emergency department in case I'd missed *** paediatrician there was sympathetic,checked her,and reassured *** we got home my daughter was exhausted,but only fell sleep as dawn broke.

关键词：精神疗法心理疗法医学临床

Medical Students’Views on psychiatry in Germany and Italy:Survey

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International Journal of Mental Health Promotion 2023年第9期25卷 985-993页

作者： Andy Man Yeung Tai Janet Suen Mostafa Mamdouh Kamel Georg Schomerus Angelo Giovanni Icro Maremmaniz Reinhard Michael Krausz Department of psychiatry Faculty of MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada Department of Neuropsychiatry Tanta UniversityTanta31511Egypt Department of psychiatry University of LeipzigLeipzig04109Germany Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana Health Universitaria PisanaPisa56126Italy

Objectives:In 2019,the Insititue for Health Metrics and Evaluation reported that 16%of life lost were attributed to mental *** a result,global shortage of psychiatrists is a pressing issue due to the increasing burden of mental *** 2016,a mere 5%of US medical students chose psychiatry as a career,a trend mirrored in Germany and *** the medical students of 2016 have graduated or transitioned into residency in 2023,their attitudes towards psychiatry could have contributed to today’s shortage of *** global mental health burden has only been exacerbated by the COVID-19 *** study explores the attitudes of German and Italian medical students towards psychiatry,their career aspirations,and the influence of factors such as personal experience and education on their interest in the ***:A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 799 medical students in two European countries in *** answered questions about their attitudes towards psychiatry,their psychiatric education,and personal *** analyses were performed using chi-square tests and a significance level of ***:The number of years in medical school,personal experiences,and perceived quality of education significantly affected specialty choice and ranking of psychiatry compared to other ***,psychiatric placements,and views on psychiatric instructors also played a significant role in choosing psychiatry as a ***:Assessing medical students’attitudes towards psychiatry and the factors that influence their career choices,such as psychiatric education and personal experiences,can inform changes to attract students to the *** the worldwide shortage of psychiatrists is crucial to reduce the burden of mental health and substance use disorders.

关键词： Medical students psychiatry lived experiences stigma education

Bipolar disorder preceding the onset of multiple sclerosis

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Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation 2015年第1期2卷 195-199页

作者： Ciro Marangoni Maria Giulia Nanni Luigi Grassi Gianni LFaedda Institute of psychiatry Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical SciencesUniversity of Ferrara44121 FerraraItaly Lucio Bini Mood Disorders Center New YorkNY 10022USA Child Study Center New York University Langone Medical CenterNew YorkNY 10016USA

Multiple sclerosis(MS)is the most common inflammatory demyelinating brain *** occurrence of psychiatric disorders,especially for major depression,in the course of MS is *** concerning bipolar disorder(BD)remain rather scarce although early descriptions were found in the old neurological *** purpose of this article is to provide a critical review of the epidemiology,comorbidity,and treatment findings regarding BD preceding the onset of MS.

关键词： Bipolar disorder comorbidity multiple sclerosis onset

Analysis of Closed Claims in the Clinical Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Japan

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Chinese Medical Journal 2017年第12期130卷 1454-1458页

作者： Yasuhiro Otaki Makiko DaSilva Ishida Yuichi Saito Yasuaki Oyama Giichiro Oiso Mitsuru Moriyama General Medical Education and Research Center Teikyo University Tokyo 1738605 Japan National Center of Neurology and psychiatry Tokyo 1878551 Japan specialty Claims Department Sompo Japan Nipponkoa Insurance Incorporated Tokyo 1648608 Japan Department of Integrated Human Sciences Hamamatsu University School of Medicine Shizuoka 4313192 Japan Moriyama Management Law Office Tokyo 1010052 Japan

Background： Despite an increasing awareness of the risk of medical errors, few data sources are available to highlight the characteristics and patterns of medical errors in the clinical management of rheumatoid arthritis （RA）. The present study aimed to evaluate medical malpractice claims associated with the management of RA and other atltoimmune connective tissue diseases （ACTDs）. Methods： We analyzed 38 ACTD-associated closed claims extracted from a total of 8530 claims processed between July 2004 and June 2014 by the Tokyo headquarters office of Sompo Japan Nipponkoa Incorporated, a leading malpractice insurer in Japan. Results： RA was the most common ACTD assessed in this study, accounting for 20 cases. Although the male-to-female ratio among these cases was 5：15, in accordance with the general demographic distribution of RA, the proportion of patients older than 60 years （77.8%） was relatively high as the general range of RA susceptibility is 30-50 years. The analysis of allegation types among RA cases revealed statistically significant differences from non-RA cases （Fisher＇s exact test） as well as the following key findings： diagnosis-related allegations were absent （P 〈 0.01 ）, whereas medication-related allegations were distinctively common （P=0.02）. Clinical processes related to the assessment process were most vulnerable to breakdown and leading to negligence identified with subsequent medication-related allegations, particularly among RA cases. Conclusions： The characteristics of malpractice claims associated with RA management, including the high frequency of medication-related allegations, breakdowns in the assessment process, and high claim numbers among patients older than 60 years, suggest the importance of caution exercised by physicians when administering immunosuppressants for the clinical treatment of RA.

关键词： Autoinlmune Connective Tissue Disease Closed Claim Rheumatoid Arthritis