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Post-fire recovery of Puya raimondii, vegetation and birds in the puna of Huascarán National Park, Perú

Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第1期21卷 20-32页

作者： Mery L.SUNI Giovana P.VADILLO César ARANA Enoc JARA-PENA Letty SALINAS M.Estela PONCE Paul M.RAMSAY Plant Physiology Laboratory Faculty of Biological SciencesUniversidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLima 15081Peru Natural History Museum Universidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLima 15072Peru Applied Phytology Laboratory Faculty of Biological SciencesUniversidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLima 15081Peru Department of Statistics Faculty of Mathematical SciencesUniversidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLima 15081Peru Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences Universidad de las Américas PueblaSan Andrés Cholula CP Cholula CP 72810Mexico

A large fire of 233 ha in Huascarán National Park in Peru provided an opportunity to compare plant and bird responses in burned and nearby unburned zones of the puna. Heights and live diameters of flagship Puya raimondii rosettes(assigned to four broad developmental phases), plant communities(66 species in 24 families and nine growth forms) and bird communities(77 species in six trophic guilds) were monitored after the fire. Although no mortality was observed, Puya raimondii plants were affected by the fire, losing approximately 60% of their photosynthetic area across all developmental phases, but recovered quickly during the first two years after fire. The comparison of Puya rosette recovery after fire was complicated by the changes in live rosette diameter for unburned plants, which showed plasticity of photosynthetic area linked to seasonal and annual fluctuations in precipitation in this relatively dry environment(decreased by 26% for mature adult plants over the study period). Fire caused an immediate change in the density, biomass and composition of vegetation. Although the species present remained similar, their abundances changed significantly immediately after the fire, with notable reductions in dominant tussock grasses. This provided opportunities for other plants, resulting in higher postfire diversity of plant species, genera, families and growth forms. In turn, the changes in vegetation after fire affected the composition of birds according to their trophic guild. Granivores largely disappeared,generalists were mostly unaffected, and other guilds showed a more complex response. As the vegetation recovered, most displaced birds returned within approximately one year.

关键词： Burning Plant biomass Trophic guilds Andes Giant rosette plants

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Bofedal response to climate variability, local management, and water extraction: A case study of Chucuyo, Northern Chile

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Journal of Mountain Science 2022年第1期19卷 241-252页

作者： URIBE-ÁLVAREZ Monserrat C PRIETO Manuel MESEGUER-RUIZ Oliver Departamento de Ciencias Históricas y Geográficas Universidad de TarapacáArica 1010069Chile Departamento de Ciencias Históricas y Geográficas Universidad de TarapacáIquique 1101783Chile

Andean high-altitude wetlands are important ecosystems that serve a range of socialecological functions. In the Andes, bofedales, a specific type of peat-producing wetland, are essential for the sustainability of mountain ecosystems and indigenous pastoralist communities. The Chucuyo bofedal in northern Chile is affected by climatic variability and water extraction for agricultural uses via the Lauca canal. Herders in the local community also actively manage this wetland according to their traditional ecological knowledge to ensure permanent fodder for their animals. In this article, we analyze the annual behavior of the Chucuyo bofedal after the wet season. Based on precipitation data, extracted water flows, vegetation vigor from satellite images, and an ethnographic approach, we determined that the bofedal’s productivity was negatively correlated with the amount of precipitation and positively correlated with the surface area of the wetland. However, water extraction via the Lauca channel had no significant relationship with either surface area or vegetation vigor. We identify community practices and traditional ecological knowledge as key elements in the maintenance of these ecosystems. This situation is critical in the context of an aging population and the current pattern of migration out of the region to urban areas. The results provide substantial empirical evidence for future decision-making regarding the conservation of these ecosystems.

关键词： Atacama Bofedales Indigenous people Lauca canal Normalized Difference Vegetation Index

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Dissemination of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Latin America and the Caribbean: the Cases of Peru, Chile, and Cuba

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Chinese Medicine and Culture 2023年第4期6卷 330-338页

作者： Patricia Palma Departamento de Ciencias Históricas y Geográficas Universidad de TarapacáTarapacá1010069Chile

Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) arrived from China to Latin America and the Caribbean in the 1840s due to the massive migration of Chinese people to the region. In a few years, the press noticed the presence of Chinese herbalists practicing in different cities and countries regardless of the demographic weight of the Chinese community. The fascination with Chinese doctors implicated not only the press but also the literature, a phenomenon particularly observed in Cuba. In the first decades of the 20th century, the reactivation of Chinese immigration to the region fostered an anti-Chinese climate that materialized in more significant migratory restrictions and control of their businesses, such as what happened with Chinese herbalists. These herbalists who practiced inside and outside the Chinese community started to object to criticism and persecution by the conservative press and professional doctors. Despite this, Chinese doctors will continue to maintain their support of a significant number of ill persons. This work seeks to illuminate the historical relevance of TCM in Latin America and the Caribbean, focusing on the cases of Peru, Chile, and Cuba. This last country was far from China culturally and geographically, but as in many other small towns in the region, Chinese medicine presented an alternative to the treatment of illnesses.

关键词： Caribbean Chile Chinese migration Cuba History of medicine Latin America Peru Traditional Chinese medicine

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Assessing the effectiveness of quarantine measures during the COVID-19 pandemic in Chile using Bayesian structural time series models

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2022年第4期7卷 625-636页

作者： Claudia Barría-Sandoval Guillermo Ferreira Bernardo Lagos Carola Montecino Bacigalupo Nursing School Faculty of Health and Social SciencesUniversidad de las AméricasConcepciònChile Faculty of Nursing Universidad de ConcepciònConcepciònChile Department of Statistics Universidad de ConcepciònConcepciònChile Applied Mathematics Group(GMA)Faculty of Sciences Universidad del BiobíoConcepciònChile Nursing School Faculty of Health and Social SciencesUniversidad de las AméricasSantiagoChile

Background:With the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic,all existing health protocols were tested under the worst health crisis humanity has experienced since the Black Death in the 14th century.Countries in Latin America have been the epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic,with more than 1.5 million people killed.Worldwide health measures have included quarantines,border closures,social distancing,and mask use,among others.In particular,Chile implemented total or partial quarantine measures depending on the number of infections in each region of the country.Therefore,it is necessary to study the effectiveness of these quarantines in relation to the public health measures implemented by government entities at the national level.Objective:The main objective of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of national-and region-level quarantines in Chile during the pandemic based on information published by the Chilean Ministry of Health,and answers to the following question are sought:Were quarantine measures in Chile effective during the COVID-19 pandemic?Methods:The causal effect between the rates of COVID-19 infections and the population rates in Phase 1 and Phase 2 quarantines in the period from March 2020 to March 2021 in different regions of Chile were evaluated using intervention analyses obtained through Bayesian structural time series models.In addition,the Kendall correlation coefficient obtained through the copula approach was used to evaluate the comovement between these rates.Results:In 75%of the Chilean regions under study(12 regions out of a total of 16),an effective Phase 1 quarantine,which was implemented to control and reduce the number of cases of COVID-19 infection,was observed.The main regions that experienced a decrease in cases were those located in the north and center of Chile.Regarding Phase 2,the COVID-19 pandemic was effectively managed in 31%(5 out of 16)of the regions.In the southcentral and extreme southern regions of Chile,the effectiveness of these phases was null.Conclusion:The findings

关键词： Comovement Bayesian time series models Novel coronavirus 2010 MSC 00e01 99-00

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Statistical Analysis of Precipitation Extremes in São Francisco River Basin, Brazil

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2022年第2期12卷 383-408页

作者： Nayara Arroxelas dos Santos Siqueira Anderlan Henrique Batista Siqueira Augusto José Pereira Filho Departamento de Ciências Atmosféricas Instituto de Astronomia Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas Universidade de S&#227 o Paulo S&#227 o Paulo Brazil Instituto de Ciências Atmosféricas Universidade Federal de Alagoas Alagoas Brazil

This study comprises a climatology of the spatial variability of precipitation over the São Francisco River Basin (SFRB), characterized by its geographic heterogeneity. The different rainfall regimes in the region were analyzed through statistical and spectral analyses. Measured precipitation data, Pacific Decennial Climate indexes, ENSO, Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation, North Atlantic Oscillation, Atlantic dipole, and the sunspot cycle over 65 years were used. The rainfall data were filtered and filled in using the regional weighting method. The spatial and temporal variability of precipitation along the SFRB is remarkable. A pattern was observed along with the time series of precipitation over the SFRB. The cluster analysis identified four homogeneous regions in the SFRB and explained 87.4% of the total variance of the average monthly rainfall of the 199 rain gauges. The Cross-wavelet analysis identified the relationship between the precipitation data series and the climatic indexes that are analyzed in this work.

关键词： Cross-Wavelet Statistical Analysis Hydrometeorology Climatology

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Microphysical and Dynamical Climatology of Precipitating Systems Inferred by Weather Radar Polarimetric Measurements in Brazil

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Open Journal of Modern Hydrology 2022年第2期12卷 74-93页

作者： Augusto José Pereira Filho Felipe Vemado Departamento de Ciê ncias Atmosféricas Instituto de Astronomia Geofísica e Ci&#234 ncias Atmosféricas Universidade de Sã o Paulo S&#227 o Paulo Brazil

This work presents the climatology of the microphysics and the dynamics of weather systems in two coastal areas of São Paulo and the Espírito States at high spatial-temporal resolution as measured by two dual Doppler weather radars during the summer and early fall of 2015. Averages and respective standard deviations of polarimetric variables, namely, reflectivity (Z), differential reflectivity (ZDR), differential phase (ϕDP), specific differential phase (KDP), copolar correlation coefficient (ρoHV), radial velocity (Vr), and the spectral width (W) were obtained within a 240-km range on plan position indicator (PPI), constant altitude plan position indicator (CAPPI) and vertical cross-sections to analyze overall horizontal and vertical precipitation microphysics and mesoscale circulation of prevailing weather systems, and their peculiarities over coastal and oceanic, and urban and rural areas. Overall, raindrops tend to be larger over the Metropolitan area of São Paulo from the surface to up to 6 km altitude indicating more vigorous updrafts caused by the heat island effect and the local sea breeze. The vertical microphysical structure is remarkably distinct over the Metropolitan Area of São Paulo (MASP) where thunderstorms can reach 20-km altitude in summertime under sea breeze and heat island effects. On the other hand, there is a dominancy of smaller drop sizes though larger ones observed close to the surface by the coast of Espírito Santo and at the land-ocean interface influenced by the local low-level jet and oceanic-type CCN. Convective cells tend to be smaller associated with Easterlies and more organized with Westerlies. The results indicate distinct features on hydrometeor types and circulation characteristics under these different surface and boundary-layer conditions in close agreement with previous results in the literature.

关键词： Dual Doppler Weather RADAR Microphysics Climatology Atlantic Ocean

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Trends of stellar entropy along stellar evolution

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2016年第2期16卷 1-12页

作者： Marcio Guilherme Bronzato de Avellar Rodrigo Alvares de Souza Jorge Emesto Horvath Instituto de Astronomia Geofísica e Ciencias Atmosféricas-Universidade de Sao PauloRua do Matao1226

This paper is devoted to discussing the difference in the thermodynamic entropy budget per baryon in each type of stellar object found in the Universe. We track and discuss the actual decrease of the stored baryonic thermodynamic entropy from the most primitive molecular cloud up to the final fate of matter in black holes, passing through evolved states of matter as found in white dwarfs and neutron stars. We then discuss the case of actual stars with different masses throughout their evolution, clarifying the role of the virial equilibrium condition for the decrease in entropy and related issues. Finally, we discuss the role of gravity in driving the composition and the structural changes of stars with different Main Sequence masses during their evolution up to the final product. Particularly, we discuss the entropy of a black hole in this context arguing that the dramatic increase in its entropy, differently from the other cases, is due to the gravitational field itself.

关键词： stars formation -- stars neutron -- black holes

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The nature of the companion of PSR J1719-1438: a white dwarf or an exotic object?

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2012年第7期12卷 813-816页

作者： J. E. Horvath Instituto de Astronomia Geofísica e Ciências Atmosfricas - Universidade de So Paulo

We raise the possibility that the very dense, compact companion of PSR J1719-1438, which has a Jupiter-like mass, is an exotic quark object rather than a light helium or carbon white dwarf. The exotic hypothesis naturally explains some of the observed features, and provides quite strong predictions for this system, to be confirmed or refuted in feasible future studies.

关键词： binary pulsars -- exotic matter-- pulsars： individual （PSR J1719-1438）

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Influence of Data Clouds Fusion From 3D RealTime Vision System on Robotic Group Dead Reckoning in Unknown Terrain

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2020年第2期7卷 368-385页

作者： Mykhailo Ivanov Oleg Sergyienko Vera Tyrsa Lars Lindner Wendy Flores-Fuentes Julio Cesar Rodriguez-Quinonez Wilmar Hernandez Paolo Mercorelli Universidad Autónoma de Baja California MexicaliB.C.21100Mexico Universidad de Las Américas Quito 170125Equador Leuphana University of Lueneburg Lüneburg 21335Germany

This paper proposes the solution of tasks set required for autonomous robotic group behavior optimization during the mission on a distributed area in a cluttered hazardous terrain.The navigation scheme uses the benefits of the original real-time technical vision system(TVS)based on a dynamic triangulation principle.The method uses TVS output data with fuzzy logic rules processing for resolution stabilization.Based on previous researches,the dynamic communication network model is modified to implement the propagation of information with a feedback method for more stable data exchange inside the robotic group.According to the comparative analysis of approximation methods,in this paper authors are proposing to use two-steps post-processing path planning aiming to get a smooth and energy-saving trajectory.The article provides a wide range of studies and computational experiment results for different scenarios for evaluation of common cloud point influence on robotic motion planning.

关键词： Data transfer group behavior machine vision navigation robotic group(RG) vision system

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Diurnal Cycle of Heating and Water Vapor in the Metropolitan Area of Porto in Portugal

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Journal of Geographic Information System 2022年第1期14卷 61-77页

作者： Hugo Abi Karam Jorge Fernando Soares Gonçalves Augusto José Pereira Filho Departamento de Meteorologia Instituto de Geociências Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (IGEO-UFRJ) Rio de Janeiro Brazil IBERMETEO Coimbra Portugal Departamento de Ciências Atmosféricas Instituto de Astronomia Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas Universidade de S&#227 o Paulo (IAG-USP) S&#227 o Paulo Brazil

In this work, it is investigated the Urban Heat Island (UHI) using conservative thermodynamic variables observed by surface weather stations on the Metropolitan Area of Porto (Oporto) in Portugal, under adiabatic conditions at the surface. These conditions are usually present and associated with the development of a mixture layer into the diurnal Convective Boundary Layer (CBL), which residual layer in the late afternoon defines the initial state for the development of the nocturnal UHI. Both the spatial structure and temporal variation of potential temperature and specific humidity were considered, along the hours and days of the year, from a statistical point of view, resulting in hourly climatology. Details of the hourly evolution of the meteorological variables on the Oporto surface are presented and discussed. Results show a seasonal variation of the potential temperature up to 17°C throughout the year, which is associated with horizontal thermal gradients that can control and trigger mesoscale circulations such as sea-land, urban and valley-mountain breezes.

关键词： Metropolitan Area of Porto (Oporto) Climatology Urban Heat Island Development Urban Boundary Layer Mesoscale Atmospheric Circulations

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