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A Natural Catalytic Converter^® for Continuously Inactivating Air and Surface Pathogens with More Effect than Ventilation and Filtration

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第5期14卷 1353-1363页

作者： Margaret Scarlett Brett Duffy CAPT. (ret.) US Public Health Service Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA United States of America ASHRAE (62.1 Standard Committee) Atlanta GA United States of America

Study Objective: The purpose of the study is to present independent laboratory testing for a novel technology in air and on surfaces. Since 2020, public health goals have focused on improving indoor air quality. This includes protection from airborne pathogens, such as tuberculosis, RSV, SARS-CoV-2, common cold or influenza viruses, measles, and others. Engineering controls are highly effective at reducing hazardous pathogens found in indoor air and from recontamination of surfaces. This occurs from a continuous cycle of settling of small, sustained airborne pathogens, which may become dehumidified, becoming airborne again, carried by room air currents around indoor spaces, then repeating the cycle. Methods: The novel technology utilizes a catalytic process to produce safe levels of hydrogen peroxide gas that are effective in reducing pathogens in the air and on surfaces. Air testing was performed with the MS2 bacteriophage, the test organism for ASHRAE standard 241, and methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Surface testing was performed with SARS-COV-2 (Coronavirus COVID-19) and H1N1 (Influenza). Typical ventilation and filtration does not effectively remove disbursed pathogens from the entire facility, due to inconsistent air circulation and surface deposits of pathogens. Results: MS2 was reduced by 99.9%;MRSA was reduced by 99.9%;SARS-CoV-2 was reduced by 99.9%;H1N1 was reduced by 99.9%. Conclusion: This novel catalytic converter reduces a variety of pathogens in the air (99%) and on surfaces (99%), by actively disinfecting with the introduction of gaseous hydrogen peroxide. This active disinfection provides a strong solution for protecting the entire facility and its occupants.

关键词： Pathogen Bacteria Virus Reduction Gaseous Hydrogen Peroxide Disinfection Indoor Air Quality Surface

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On the installation of an in situ large-scale vertical SEALing (VSEAL) experiment on bentonite pellet-powder mixture

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2023年第9期15卷 2388-2401页

作者： Nadia Mokni Justo Cabrera Frédéric Deleruyelle Institut de Radioprotection et de SûretéNucléaire(IRSN) PSE-ENV/SEDRE/LETISFontenay-aux-Roses92260France

Recently,the Institute for Radiological protection and Nuclear Safety(IRSN)has launched VSEAL(Vertical SEALing)project to investigate the impact of gas migration on the long-term performance of bentonite based vertical sealing systems(VSS).The first VSEAL in situ test was emplaced in IRSN’s Underground Research Laboratory(URL)in Tournemire(France)in 2019 and was equipped with 76 wired and wireless *** test is still in progress,but the collected set of data provides already valuable information of the hydro-mechanical behavior of VSS during *** swelling core consists of a mixture of highdensity pellets and powder of MX80 bentonite in a ratio of 80/20(in dry mass).An innovative method was adopted to drill a 1-m diameter and w10-m deep shaft in order to minimize the rock perturbation at the *** a specific protocol was adopted to install the bentonite mixture together with a careful characterization of the core during construction,VSEAL 1 constitutes the unique in situ sealing test with a well-known initial structural distribution of the pellets and the *** heterogeneities occurred within the experiment during the installation process:a damaged zone developed around the shaft walls due to the interruption of the installation operations caused by COVID19 lockdown in France;a technological gap with a variable thickness between the last pellets layer and the top confining lid and a heterogeneous distribution of the bentonite powder at some layers inducing large inter pellets voids close to the bentonite-rock *** injected water volume,relative humidity,water content and swelling pressure in both radial and axial directions were *** of the results showed that the presence of installation-induced heterogeneities led to the generation of preferential flow paths that influenced the swelling pressure evolution at radial and axial directions.

关键词： Bentonite pellet-powder mixture Heterogeneities Technological gap Seals In situ test

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Effects of particle size and content of RDX on burning stability of RDXbased propellants

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2022年第7期18卷 1247-1256页

作者： Bin-bin Wang Xin Liao Luigi T.DeLuca Wei-dong He School of Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing210094China Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials Ministry of EducationNanjing210094China SPLab Department of Aerospace EngineeringPolitecnico di Milano(RET)MilanI-20156Italy

Particle size and content of RDX are the two main factors that affect the burning stability of RDX-based propellants. However, these effects and the corresponding mechanisms are still controversial. In this work, we investigated the physicochemical processes during burning and the corresponding mechanisms through the technologies of structure compactness analysis on the base of voidage measurement and theoretical interfacial area estimation, apparent burning rate measurement using closed vessel(CV)and extinguished burning surface characterization relying on interrupted closed vessel(ICV) and scanning electron microscope(SEM). The results indicate that the voidage increased with the increase of RDX content and particle size due to the increasing interfacial area and increasing interface gap size,respectively. The apparent burning rate increased with the increase of RDX particle size because of the decreasing RDX specific surface area on the burning surface, which could decrease the heat absorbing rates of the melting and evaporation processes of RDX in the condensed phase. Similarly, the apparent burning rate decreased with the increase of RDX content at pressures lower than around 55 MPa due to the increasing RDX specific surface area. Whereas, an opposite trend could be observed at pressures higher than around 55 MPa, which was attributed to the increasing heat feedback from the gas phase as the result of the increasing propellant energy. For propellants containing very coarse RDX particles, such as 97.8 and 199.4 μm average size, the apparent burning rate increased stably with a flat extinguished surface at pressures lower than around 30 MPa, while increased sharply above around 30 MPa with the extinguished surface becoming more and more rugged as the pressure increased. In addition, the turning degree of u-p curve increased with the increase of coarse RDX content and particle size, and could be reduced by improving the structure compactness.

关键词： RDX particle Size and content Structure compactness Apparent burning rate Extinguished surface Burning stability

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Ageing evaluation of cable insulations subjected to radiation ageing:Application of principal component analyses to Fourier Transform Infra-Red and dielectric spectroscopy

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High Voltage 2022年第4期7卷 652-665页

作者： Simone Vincenzo Suraci Sandrine Amat Lea Hippolyte Astrid Malechaux Davide Fabiani Claire Le Gall Océane Juan Nathalie Dupuy LIMES Department of ElectricalElectronic and Information EngineeringUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly Aix Marseille University Avignon UniversitéCNRSMarseilleFrance Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire MarseilleFrance

The evolution of properties of crosslinked polyethylene(XLPE)-based insulating mate-rials under radio-chemical ageing conditions is presented and *** total,seven different polymer compounds were tested,characterised by an increasing quantity of additives,for example,antioxidants(AOs)and fillers as flame *** were analysed using different testing techniques,that is,Fourier Transform Infra-Red and dielectric *** allowed a broad characterisation of the polymer,bringing to good correlations between the arising of new chemical groups caused by ageing and the modifications on the complex ***-based AOs are found to be the most efficient in terms of protection against *** the contrary,flame retardants are concluded not to have any impact on the material *** data were then treated using the principal component *** data treatment successfully distinguished the material composition(with and without additives)and the ageing *** results confirm the relevance of this analysis in understanding the impact of irradiation on the chemical and functional properties of the polymer materials studied.

关键词： component principal bringing

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Burning rate analysis of laser controlled 5-aminotetrazole propellant

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2023年第4期22卷 10-27页

作者： Nianbai He Ruiqi Shen Luigi T.DeLuca Lizhi Wu Wei Zhang Yinghua Ye School of Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology210094JiangsuChina Institute of Space Propulsion Nanjing University of Science and Technology210094JiangsuChina Space Propulsion Laboratory(ret) Department of Aerospace Science and TechnologyPolitecnico di Milano20156MilanItaly

As an innovative propulsion technique, laser augmented chemical propulsion(LACP) seems superior to the traditional ones. However, the corresponding combustion theories have still to be ascertained for LACP. Burning rate of 5-aminotetrazole(5-ATZ) propellant has been studied by testing pressed samples under different combustor pressures and laser powers. Based on micro computed tomography(Micro CT),an advanced thickness-over-time(TOT) method to characterize the regression of the produced nonplanar burning surface is established. Because of a shell structure covering the combustion surface,the burning rate of the implemented 5-ATZ propellant is not constant during laser ablation. Resorting to functional fitting, a new law of non-constant burning including the effect of the observed unique burning surface structures is proposed. Accordingly, applicable combustion conditions of 5-ATZ based propellants have been preliminarily speculated for future research activities.

关键词： 5-Aminotetrazole(5-ATZ) Laser-augmented chemical propulsion(LACP) Non-constant burning rate Micro computed tomography(MicroCT) Non-planar burning surface

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Burning surface formation mechanism of laser-controlled 5-aminotetrazole propellant

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2023年第7期25卷 48-59页

作者： Nian-bai He Rui-qi Shen Luigi T.DeLuca Li-zhi Wu Wei Zhang Ying-hua Ye Yue-ting Wang School of Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology210094JiangsuChina Institute of Space Propulsion Nanjing University of Science and Technology210094JiangsuChina Sichuan Huachuan Industries Corporation 610106SichuanChina Space Propulsion Laboratory(ret) Department of Aerospace Science and TechnologyPolitecnico di Milano20156MilanItaly

As an innovative propulsion technique, combustion mechanism of laser-augmented chemical propulsion has still to be ascertained. Benefiting from high nitrogen content and thermal stability, 5-aminotetrazole is a suitable ingredient for LACP. Under a flowing nitrogen environment, two kinds of unique burning surfaces were observed to occur for 5-ATZ, used as a single reacting propellant ingredient with the addition of carbon, under laser ablation. Both surfaces are hollow structures and differ by the possible presence of edges. Using micro computed tomography, the 3D perspective structures of both surfaces were revealed. Resorting to various characterization methods, a unified formation mechanism for both surfaces is proposed. This mechanism specifically applies to laser ablation, but could be crucial to common burning mechanisms in LACP.

关键词： 5-Aminotetrazole(5-ATZ) Laser-augmented chemical propulsion (LACP) Combustion mechanism Burning surface Micro computed tomography(MicroCT)

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商业地产如何自我革新

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城市开发 2023年第11期 66-67页

作者：周雷亚 ret睿意德

上海的心脏地带,晨光穿透摩天大楼的缝隙,照亮了一条熙熙攘攘的街道。楼里某商业项目的运营团队正对照年轻客群的市场调查报告,争论着如何吸引更多年轻人到场消费转化。街的另一角,雷蒙(Raymond),一位简约时尚穿搭品牌的主理人,正在为... 详细信息

上海的心脏地带,晨光穿透摩天大楼的缝隙,照亮了一条熙熙攘攘的街道。楼里某商业项目的运营团队正对照年轻客群的市场调查报告,争论着如何吸引更多年轻人到场消费转化。街的另一角,雷蒙(Raymond),一位简约时尚穿搭品牌的主理人,正在为今天的开店做最后准备。他主理的品牌,是一个融合了工作空间、咖啡馆与艺术画廊,没有明确空间定义的品牌。在他看来,年轻消费者寻求的不仅仅是购物或休闲的场所,更渴望能够激发灵感、促进互动和社交的空间。年轻人对工作和生活的态度正在重塑商业空间的功能和形态,过往以区位衡量商业价值的观念也需要有所改变。

关键词：心脏地带市场调查报告商业地产商业空间激发灵感艺术画廊年轻消费者咖啡馆

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城市更新难以名利双收?看都灵OGR的逆袭之路

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城市开发 2023年第6期 53-55页

作者：无 ret睿意德

城市更新的本质是城市机能的再生产,其关键在于项目是否具备深度链接能力的内容和资源,如文化、产业、消费等。随着工业革命的不断演进,新兴的制造业工厂逐渐离开城市核心区,导致核心区出现空置现象。在城市更新项目中,如何利用这一机遇... 详细信息

城市更新的本质是城市机能的再生产,其关键在于项目是否具备深度链接能力的内容和资源,如文化、产业、消费等。随着工业革命的不断演进,新兴的制造业工厂逐渐离开城市核心区,导致核心区出现空置现象。在城市更新项目中,如何利用这一机遇,引入新的产业核心,是一个需要思考的重要问题。都灵作为意大利三大工业城市之一,曾经拥有大量的厂房和配套的铁路系统,展现了一段繁荣的工业历史。

关键词：城市更新城市核心区深度链接都灵工业革命制造业产业核心再生产

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商业空间运营激发想象力的三种机制

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城市开发 2022年第4期 26-28页

作者：周雷亚 ret睿意德北京公司策略顾问部

在商业领域中,实体商业是凭借建筑空间及位置作为核心生产工具,依赖货品内容的供给,在生产关系层面整体依然是服务关系。这样看来,实体商业在进一步的效率提升和创新,貌似需要进行全方位的可能性变革,但这其中哪个才是关键的变量,能够... 详细信息

在商业领域中,实体商业是凭借建筑空间及位置作为核心生产工具,依赖货品内容的供给,在生产关系层面整体依然是服务关系。这样看来,实体商业在进一步的效率提升和创新,貌似需要进行全方位的可能性变革,但这其中哪个才是关键的变量,能够成为核心的抓手呢?笔者认为,这需站位实体商业的模式本质进一步探究。商业场所作为空间产业,运营的创新应聚焦于产品的交付体验作为“商业街、商场、百货”等具体形态的统称,商业场的产业逻辑大致遵循着“商品组织-营销宣传-消费者到达-行为消费”的产业路径。

关键词：商业场所营销宣传商业街实体商业生产工具产业路径效率提升商业领域

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体量有限,社区商业如何链接更多流量和承接转换?

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城市开发 2023年第2期 49-51页

作者：周雷亚 ret睿意德北京公司策略顾问部

在城市整体促消费的政策背景下,社区商业在城市商业结构体系中的角色日益重要。比如北京市政府在《北京市商业消费空间布局专项规划(2022年-2035年)》中明确,社区商业是“四级商业消费空间结构”其中一级。同样在上海的国际消费中心城... 详细信息

在城市整体促消费的政策背景下,社区商业在城市商业结构体系中的角色日益重要。比如北京市政府在《北京市商业消费空间布局专项规划(2022年-2035年)》中明确,社区商业是“四级商业消费空间结构”其中一级。同样在上海的国际消费中心城市规划中,社区商业则要承担“提升社区生活圈能级和水平”的重任。

关键词：社区商业空间布局城市规划空间结构商业消费社区生活圈政策背景专项规划

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