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Towards a Unified Recurrent Neural Network Theory： The Uniformly Pseudo-Projection-Anti-Monotone Net

Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2011年第2期27卷 377-396页

作者： Zong Ben XU Chen QIAO Institute for Information and System Science Faculty of Science MOE Key Lab for Intelligent Networks and Network Security Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China qiaochen @mail.xjtu. edu. cn

In the past decades, various neural network models have been developed for modeling the behavior of human brain or performing problem-solving through simulating the behavior of human brain. The recurrent neural networks are the type of neural networks to model or simulate associative memory behavior of human being. A recurrent neural network （RNN） can be generally formalized as a dynamic system associated with two fundamental operators： one is the nonlinear activation operator dedu.ed from the input-output properties of the involved neurons, and the other is the synaptic connections （a matrix） among the neurons. Through carefully examining properties of various activation functions used, we introduce a novel type of monotone operators, the uniformly pseudo-projectionanti-monotone （UPPAM） operators, to unify the various RNN models appeared in the literature. We develop a unified encoding and stability theory for the UPPAM network model when the time is discrete. The established model and theory not only unify but also jointly generalize the most known results of RNNs. The approach has lunched a visible step towards establishment of a unified mathematical theory of recurrent neural networks.

关键词： Feedback neural networks essential characteristics uniformly pseudo-projection-anti- monotone net unified theory dynamics

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Application of enriched stable isotope technique to the study of copper bioavailability in Daphnia magna

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2011年第5期23卷 831-836页

作者： Wenhong Fan Chenguang WU Chunmei Zhao Tao Yu Yuan Zhang Department of Environmental Science and Engineering School of Chemistry and Environment Beihang University Beijing 100191 China. E-mail: fanwh @ buaa. edu. cn Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing 100012 China

The biokinetics of Cu in Daphnia magna, including dissolved uptake, assimilation and efflux, has been determined using a gamma 67^Cu radiotracer methodology. However, this gamma emitting radioisotope is not readily available due to its very short half-life. In the present study, we employed a stable isotope tracer （65^Cu） to determine the Cu biokinetics and compared our results to those determined using 67^Cu. The dissolved uptake rate constant of 65^Cu was 3.36 L/（***）, which is higher than that of 67^Cu （1.32 L/（***））. With increasing food concentrations from 2×10^4 to 1×10^5 cells/mL, the Cu assimilation efficiency （AE） decreased from 46% to 11%, compared to a decrease from 27% to 16% when determined using 67^Cu. The effiux of Cu from Daphnia magna was quantified following both dissolved and dietary uptake. The efflux of waterborne Cu was comparable to that of dietborne Cu and the effiux rate constant （0.32-0.52 day^-l） was higher than that determined by 67^Cu （0.19-0.20 day^-1）. By considering different water properties and handling procedu.e between the two experiments, we believe that these differences are reasonable. Overall, this study demonstrated that the enriched stable isotope tracer technique is a powerful tool to investigate metal bioavailability and maybe a good alternative to radioactive measurements.

关键词： stable isotope Daphnia magna copper bioavailability

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ＬＯＣＡＬＥＸＡＣＴＢＯＵＮＤＡＲＹＣＯＮＴＲＯＬＬＡＢＩＬＩＴＹＦＯＲＡＣＬＡＳＳＯＦＱＵＡＳＩＬＩＮＥＡＲＨＹＰＥＲＢＯＬＩＣＳＹＳＴＥＭＳ

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 2002年第2期23卷 209-218页

作者：ＬＩＴＡ－ＴＳＩＥＮＲＡＯ ВＯＰＥＮＧＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＭａｔｈｅｍａｔｉｃｓＦｕｄａｎＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｄｅＲｅｃｈｅｒｃｈｅＭａｔｈｅｍａｔｉｑｕｅＡｖａｎｃｅｅＳｈａｎｇｈａｉ２００４３３ＣｈｉｎａＥ－ｍａｉｌ:ｄｑｌｉ＠ｆｕｄａｎ．ｅｄｕ．ｃｎＵｎｉ

For a class of mixed initial-boundary value problem for general quasilinear hyperbolic systems, this paper establishes the local exact boundary controllability with boundary controls only acting on one end. As an application, the authors show the local exact boundary controllability for a kind of nonlinear vibrating string problem.

关键词： Exact boundary controllability Quasilinear hyperbolic system Nonlinear vibrating string equation

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QTLs for Rice Leaf Chlorophyll Content Under Low N Stress

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Pedosphere 2004年第2期14卷 145-150页

作者： FANGPing YUXiao-Min ZHURi-Qing WUPing CollegeofEnvironmentalandResourceSciences ZhejiangUniversityHangzhou310029（China）.E-mail：pfang@*** CollegeofLifeSciences ZhejiangUniversityHangzhou310029（China）

Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for chlorophyll content of a rice leaf weremapped on to the molecular marker linkage map of a double-haploid (DH) population derived from across between two rice varieties 'IR64' and 'Azucena' in both nutrient solutionand soil cultureexperiments to detect rice nitrogen nutrition status under low N stress A chlorophyll meter was usedto measure the soil plant analysis development (SPAD) value of the topmost fully expanded leaf asthe index of chlorophyll content thatexpressed nitrogen status in rice plants. Totally 3 QTLs forSPAD values, two on chromosome 3 located at interval RG179-CDO337 and RG348-RZ329, respectively, andone on chromosome 10 at interval RZ500-RG134, were detected under stressed conditions of low N inthe soil and/or nutrient solution culture experiments. One QTL located at interval RG179-GDO337 onchromosome 3 associated with a relative change in SPAD value from a high N level to a low N level inthe soil culture experiment was also *** on the different responses to low N stressbetween the two parents, it was supposed that the QTLs identified in this study associated withnitrogen efficiency in rice at low N levels might be useful in applying marker technology to ricebreeding programs.

关键词： chlorophyll meter nitrogen efficiency QTLs rice (Oryza sativa L.) SPADvalue

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