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Blocking the Metabolism of Starch Breakdown Products in Arabidopsis Leaves Triggers Chloroplast Degradation

Molecular plant 2009年第6期2卷 1233-1246页

作者： Michaela Stettler Simona Eicke Tabea Mettler Gaelle Messerli Stefan Hortensteiner Samuel C. Zeeman department of biology ETH Zurich CH-8092 Zurich Switzerland Institute of plant biology University of Zurich CH-8008 Zurich Switzerland present address: Max Planck Institute for Molecular plant Physiology Potsdam-Golm 14476 Germany present address: Johnson & Johnson Medical CH-8957 Spreitenbach Switzerland

In most plants, a large fraction of photo-assimilated carbon is stored in the chloroplasts during the day as starch and remobilized during the subsequent night to support metabolism. Mutations blocking either starch synthesis or starch breakdown in Arabidopsis thaliana reduce plant growth. Maltose is the major product of starch breakdown exported from the chloroplast at night. The maltose excess 1 mutant （mex1）, which lacks the chloroplast envelope maltose transporter, accumulates high levels of maltose and starch in chloroplasts and develops a distinctive but previously unexplained chlorotic phenotype as leaves mature. The introduction of additional mutations that prevent starch synthesis, or that block maltose production from starch, also prevent chlorosis of mex1. In contrast, introduction of mutations in disproportionating enzyme （DPE1） results in the accumulation of maltotriose in addition to maltose, and greatly increases chlorosis. These data suggest a link between maltose accumulation and chloroplast homeostasis. Microscopic analyses show that the mesophyll cells in chlorotic mex1 leaves have fewer than half the number of chloroplasts than wild-type cells. Transmission electron microscopy reveals autophagy-like chloroplast degradation in both mex1 and the dpe1/mex1 double mutant. Microarray analyses reveal substantial reprogramming of metabolic and cellular processes, suggesting that organellar protein turnover is increased in mex1, though leaf senescence and senescence-related chlorophyll catabolism are not induced. We propose that the accumulation of maltose and malto-oligosaccharides causes chloroplast dysfunction, which may by signaled via a form of retrograde signaling and trigger chloroplast degradation.

关键词： Carbohydrate metabolism photosynthesis senescence chloroplast biology Arabidopsis autophagy.

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The Arabidopsis Homolog of the Mammalian OS-9 Protein Plays a Key Role in the Endoplasmic Reticulum-Associated Degradation of Misfolded Receptor-Like Kinases

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Molecular plant 2012年第4期5卷 929-940页

作者： Wei Su Yidan Liu Yang Xia Zhi Honga Jianming Li department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology University of Michigan 830 N University Ann Arbor MI 48109-1048 USA present address: State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Institute of plant biology School of Life Sciences Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China present address: State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology School of Life Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China

The endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation （ERAD） is a highly conserved mechanism to remove mis- folded membrane/secretory proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum （ER）. While many of the individual components of the ERAD machinery are well characterized in yeast and mammals, our knowledge of a plant ERAD process is rather limited. Here, we report a functional study of an Arabidopsis homolog （AtOS9） of an ER luminal lectin Yos9 （OS-9 in mammals） that recognizes a unique asparagine-linked glycan on misfolded proteins. We discovered that AtOS9 is an ER-Iocalized glyco- protein that is co-expressed with many known/predicted ER chaperones. AT-DNA insertional atos9-t mutation blocks the degradation of a structurally imperfect yet biochemically competent brassinosteroid （BR） receptor bril-9, causing its increased accumulation in the ER and its consequent leakage to the cell surface responsible for restoring the BR sensitivity and suppressing the dwarfism of the bril-9 mutant. In addition, we identified a missense mutation in AtOS9 in a recently discovered ERAD mutant ems-rnutagenized bril suppressor 6 （ebs6-1）. Moreover, we showed that atos9-t also inhibits the ERAD of bril-5, another ER-retained BR receptor, and a misfolded EFR, a BRIl-like receptor for the bacterial translation elongation factor EF-Tu. Furthermore, we found that AtOS9 interacted biochemically and genetically with EBS5, an Arabidopsis homolog of the yeast Hrd3/mammalian SellL known to collaborate with Yos9/OS-9 to select ERAD clients. Taken together, our results demonstrated a functional role of AtOS9 in a plant ERAD process that degrades misfolded receptor-like kinases.

关键词： brassinosteroid receptor ER quality control EMS-mutagenized bril-9 suppressor, lectin N-glycan MRHdomain.

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An INDEHISCENT-Controlled Auxin Response Specifies the Separation Layer in Early Arabidopsis Fruit

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Molecular plant 2016年第6期9卷 857-869页

作者： Kasper van Gelderen Martin van Rongen An'an Liu Anne Otten Remko Offringa Molecular and developmental Genetics Institute of Biology Leiden Leiden University Sylviusweg 72 2333 BE Leiden the Netherlands These authors contributed equally to this article. present address: plant EcophysJology Institute of Environmental Biology Utrecht University 3584 CH Utrecht the Netherlands present address: Sainsbury Laboratory 47 Sateman Street Cambridge CB2 1LR UK

Seed dispersal is an important moment in the life cycle of a plant species. In Arabidopsis thaliana, it is dependent on transcription factor INDEHISCENT （IND）-mediated specification of a separation layer in the dehiscence zone found in the margin between the valves （carpel walls） and the central replum of the developing fruit. It was proposed that IND specifies the separation layer by inducing a local auxin minimum at late stages of fruit development. Here we show that morphological differences between the ind mutant and wild-type fruit already arise at early stages of fruit development, coinciding with strong IND expression in the valve margin. We show that IND-reduced PIN-FORMED3 （PIN3） auxin efflux carrier abundance leads to an increased auxin response in the valve margin during early fruit develop- ment, and that the concomitant cell divisions that form the dehiscence zone are lacking in ind mutant fruit. Moreover, IND promoter-driven ectopic expression of the AGC kinases PINOID （PID） and WAG2 induced indehiscence by expelling auxin from the valve margin at stages 14-16 of fruit development through increased PIN3 abundance. Our results show that IND, besides its role at late stages of Arabi- dopsis fruit development, functions at early stages to facilitate the auxin-triggered cell divisions that form the dehiscence zone.

关键词： seed dispersal polar auxin transport PINOID INDEHISCENT separation layer Arabidopsis

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TOM9.2 Is a Calmodulin-Binding Protein Critical for TOM Complex Assembly but Not for Mitochondrial Protein Import in Arabidopsis thaliana

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Molecular plant 2017年第4期10卷 575-589页

作者： Nargis Parvin Chris Carrie Isabelle Pabst Antonia Laber Debabrata Laha Melanie V. Paul Peter Geigenberger Ralf Heermann Kirsten Jung Ute C. Vothknecht Fatima Chigri department biology I Botany Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich GroBhaderner Stra6e 2-4 82152 Martinsried Germany department biology 1 Microbiology Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich Grobhaderner Strabe 2-4 82152 Martinsried Germany department of biology Center for Integrated Protein Science (Munich) Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich 81377 Munich Germany Center for plant Molecular biology Plant Physiology University of Tuebingen Auf der Morgenstelle 32 72076 Tuebingen Germany present address: plant Cell biology IZMB University of Bonn Kirschallee 153115 Bonn Germany present address: Center for plant Molecular biology Developmental Genetics University of Tubingen Auf der Morgenstelle 32 72076 Tubingen Germany

The translocon on the outer membrane of mitochondria （TOM） facilitates the import of nuclear-encoded proteins. The principal machinery of mitochondrial protein transport seems conserved in eukaryotes; however, divergence in the composition and structure of TOM components has been observed between mammals, yeast, and plants. TOM9, the plant homolog of yeast Tom22, is significantly smaller due to a truncation in the cytosolic receptor domain, and its precise function is not understood. Here we provide evidence showing that TOM9.2 from Arabidopsis thaliana is involved in the formation of mature TOM com- plex, most likely by influencing the assembly of the pore-forming subunit TOM40. Dexamethasone- induced RNAi gene silencing of TOM9.2 results in a severe reduction in the mature TOM complex, and the assembly of newly imported TOM40 into the complex is impaired. Nevertheless, mutant plants are fully viable and no obvious downstream effects of the loss of TOM complex, i.e., on mitochondrial import ca- pacity, were observed. Furthermore, we found that TOM9.2 can bind calmodulin （CAM） in vitro and that CaM impairs the assembly of TOM complex in the isolated wild-type mitochondria, suggesting a regula- tory role of TOM9.2 and a possible integration of TOM assembly into the cellular calcium signaling network.

关键词： protein import plant mitochondria TOM complex calmodulin calcium signaling

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Regulation of the Arabidopsis GSK3-like Kinase BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSITIVE 2 through Proteasome-Mediated Protein Degradation

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Molecular plant 2008年第2期1卷 338-346页

作者： Peng Peng Zhenyan Yan Yongyou Zhu Jianming Li department of Molecular Cellular and Development Biology University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109-1048 USA present address: Howard Hughes Medical Institute Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology University of California-Los AngelesLos Angeles CA g0095 USA

Glycogen synthase kinase 3 （GSK3） is a unique serine/threonine kinase that is implicated in a variety of cellular processes and is regulated by phosphorylation or protein-protein interaction in animal cells. BIN2 is an Arabidopsis GSK3- like kinase that negatively regulates brassinosteroid （BR） signaling. Genetic studies suggested that BIN2 is inhibited in response to BR perception at the cell surface to relieve its inhibitory effects on downstream targets; however, little is known about biochemical mechanisms of its inhibition. Here, we show that BIN2 is regulated by proteasome-mediated protein degradation. Exogenous application of a BR biosynthesis inhibitor and an active BR increased and decreased the amount of BIN2 proteins, respectively. Interestingly, the gain-of-function bin2-1 mutation significantly stabilizes BIN2, making it unresponsive to BR-induced BIN2 depletion. Exogenous application of different plant growth hormones revealed that BIN2 depletion is specifically induced by BR through a functional BR receptor, while treatment of a protea- some inhibitor, MG132, not only prevented the BR-induced BIN2 depletion but also nullified the inhibitory effect of BR on the BIN2 kinase activity. Taken together, our results strongly suggest that proteasome-mediated protein degradation constitutes an important regulatory mechanism for restricting the BIN2 activity.

关键词： .Regulates brassinosteroid BR signaling Arabidopsis GSK BR receptor

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Tiller Bud Formation Regulators MOC1 and MOC3 Cooperatively Promote Tiller Bud Outgrowth by Activating F0N1 Expression in Rice

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Molecular plant 2019年第8期12卷 1090-1102页

作者： Gaoneng Shao Zefu Lu Jinsong Xiong Bing Wang Yanhui Jing Xiangbing Meng Guifu Liu Haiyan Ma Yan Liang Fan Chen Yonghong Wang Jiayang Li Hong Yu State Key Laboratory of plant Genomics and National Center for plant Gene Research (Beijing) Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyThe Innovative Academy of Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China State Key Laboratory of Rice biology China National Rice Research InstituteHangzhou 310006China State Key Laboratory of Molecular developmental biology Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyThe Innovative Academy of Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China present address: department of Genetics University of GeorgiaAthensGA 30605USA present address: College of Horticulture Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingJiangsu 210095China

Tillering in rice is one of the most important agronomic *** tiller development can be divided into two main processes: the formation of the axillary bud and its subsequent *** genes critical for bud formation in rice have been identified by genetic studies;however,their molecular functions and relationships are still largely ***,we report that MONOCULM 1 (MOC1) and MONOCULM 3/ TILLERS ABSENT 1/STERILE AND REDUCED TILLERING 1 (MOC3/TAB1/SRT1),two vital regulators for tiller formation in rice,physically interact to regulate tiller bud outgrowth through upregulating the expression of FLORAL ORGAN NUMBER 1 (FON1),the homolog of CLAVATA1 in *** found that M0C3 is able to directly bind the promoter ofFONI and subsequently activate FON1 ***1 functions as a coactivator of MOC3,whereas it could not directly bind the FON1 promoter,and further activated FON1 expression in the presence of ***,FON1 is highly expressed at axillary meristems and shows remarkably decreased expression levels in mod and moc3 ***-of-function mutants of FON1 exhibit normal bud formation but defective bud outgrowth and reduced tiller ***,these results shed light on a joint transcriptional regulatory mechanim by MOC1 and MOC3,and establish a new framework for the control of tiller bud formation and outgrowth.

关键词： rice tiller formation MOC3 M0C1 FON1

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ClBBM and ClPLT2 function redundantly during both male and female gametophytes development in watermelon

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Horticultural plant Journal 2025年第1期11卷 323-335页

作者： Qiyan Liu Dongfen Han Jinfan Chen Jie Wang Denghu Cheng Xiner Chen Jiao Jiang Shujuan Tian Jiafa Wang Man Liu Haizheng Xiong Li Yuan State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress biology for Arid Areas College of HorticultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxi 712100China department of Horticulture University of ArkansasFayettevilleAR 72701USA

As a prerequisite for sexual reproduction,gametophyte development is an interesting process involving cell proliferation,differentiation and *** has been extensively explored in model plants,but the regulatory mechanism of gametophyte development largely remains unknown in Cucurbitaceae *** present study,we have shown that watermelon ClBBM and ClPLT2,two AP2/ERF transcription factors,participated in both male and female gametophyte *** and Clplt2 single mutants resembled wild-type phenotypes in both vegetative and reproductive *** Clbbm/Clplt2 double mutant showed partial pollen abortion and bore less seeds comparing to *** results indicated that the abnormal pollen grains were caused by premature tapetum degeneration,and reduced seed-set was due to faulty embryo sac *** and ClPLT2 were expressed in FG4 embryo sacs,and their transcripts were also detectable in the tapetum and microspore of stage 9 anthers,which was consistent with developmental stages of defective phenotypes observed in double *** expression of genes essential for tapetum development,ClATM1,ClAMS,ClMS1 and ClMS188,was decreased in Clbbm/Clplt2 double ***,the transcriptome analysis indicated that ClBBM and ClPLT2 participated in tapetum and pollen wall development by regulate cell cycle,transmembrane transport,glucan and cellulose metabolic ***,ClBBM and ClPLT2 were functionally redundant in regulating gametophyte development in watermelon,and their functions differ from their homologous genes in model plant Arabidopsis.

关键词： Watermelon Gametophyte Male sterility Seedless

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Translational Regulation of Metabolic Dynamics during Effector-Triggered Immunity

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Molecular plant 2020年第1期13卷 88-98页

作者： Heejin Yoo George H.Greene Meng Yuan Guoyong Xu Derek Burton Lijing Liu Jorge Marques Xinnian Dong Howard Hughes Medical Institute Department of BiologyDuke UniversityBox 90338DurhamNC 27708USA National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement National Centre of Plant Gene Research(Wuhan)Huazhong Agricultural University430070 WuhanChina present address:department of plant biology Ecologyand EvolutionOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOK 74078USA present address:National Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice Institute for Advanced Studies(IAS)Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubei 430072China present address:Key Laboratory of plant Development and Environment Adaptation biology Ministry of EducationSchool of Life SciencesShandong UniversityQingdaoChina present address:David H.Murdock Research Institute KannapolisNC 28081USA

Recent studies have shown that global translational reprogramming is an early activation event in pattern-triggered immunity,when plants recognize microbe-associated molecular ***,it is not fully known whether translational regulation also occurs in subsequent immune responses,such as effector-triggered immunity(ETI).In this study,we performed genome-wide ribosome profiling in Arabidopsis upon RPS2-mediated ETI activation and discovered that specific groups of genes were translationally regulated,mostly in coordination with *** genes encode enzymes involved in aromatic amino acid,phenylpropanoid,camalexin,and sphingolipid *** functional significance of these components in ETI was confirmed by genetic and biochemical *** findings provide new insights into diverse translational regulation of plant immune responses and demonstrate that translational coordination of metabolic gene expression is an important strategy for ETI.

关键词： translational regulation ribosome profiling effector-triggered immunity,ETI phenylalanine phenylpropanoids helper receptors

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A plant SMALL RNA-BINDING PROTEIN 1 Family Mediates Cell-to-Cell Trafficking of RNAi Signals

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Molecular plant 2020年第2期13卷 321-335页

作者： Yan Yan Byung-Kook Ham Yee Hang Chong Shyi-Dong Yeh William J.Lucas department of plant biology College of Biological SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA department of plant Pathology National Chung-Hsing UniversityTaichung present address:Global Institute for Food Security University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSK S7N 4J8Canada present address:department of biology University of Saskatchewan112 Science PlaceSaskatoonSK S7N 5E2Canada

In plants,RNA interference(RNAi)plays a pivotal role in growth and development,and responses to environmental inputs,including pathogen *** intercellular and systemic trafficking of small interfering RNA(siRNA)/microRNA(miRNA)is a central component in this regulatory ***,little is known with regards to the molecular agents involved in the movement of these si/*** address this situation,we employed a biochemical approach to identify and characterize a conserved SMALL RNA-BINDING PROTEIN 1(SRBP1)family that mediates non-cell-autonomous small RNA(sRNA)*** Arabidopsis,AtSRBP1 is a glycine-rich(GR)RNA-binding protein,also known as AtGRP7,which we show binds single-stranded siRNA.A viral vector,Zucchini yellow mosaic virus(ZYMV),was employed to functionally characterized the AtSRBP1-4(AtGRP7/2/4/8)RNA recognition motif and GR ***-based studies revealed the GR domain as being necessary and sufficient for SRBP1 cell-to-cell *** together,our findings provide a foundation for future research into the mechanism and function of mobile sRNA signaling agents in plants.

关键词： RNAi small RNA-binding protein family small RNA movement non-cell-autonomous protein glycinerich protein

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Genome-wide scan for oil quality reveals a coregulation mechanism of tocopherols and fatty acids in soybean seeds

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plant Communications 2023年第5期4卷 234-245页

作者： Danni Chu Zhifang Zhang Yang Hu Chao Fang Xindan Xu Jia Yuan Jinsong Zhang Zhixi Tian Guodong Wang State Key Laboratory of plant Genomics Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyThe Innovative Academy of Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China State Key Laboratory of plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyThe Innovative Academy of Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100039China present address:department of plant biology Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA

Tocopherols(vitamin E)play essential roles in human health because of their antioxidant activity,and plantderived oils are the richest sources of tocopherols in the human *** soybean(Glycinemax)is one of themain sources of plant-derived oil and tocopherol in the world,the relationship between tocopherol and oil in soybean seeds remains ***,we focus on dissecting tocopherol metabolism with the longterm goal of increasing a-tocopherol content and soybean oil *** first collected tocopherol and fatty acid profiles in a soybean population(>800 soybean accessions)and found that tocopherol content increased during soybean domestication.A strong positive correlation between tocopherol and oil content was also *** tocopherol pathway–related lociwere identified using a metabolite genome-wide association study *** variations in three tocopherol pathway genes were responsible for total tocopherol content and composition in the soybean population through effects on enzyme activity,mainly caused by non-conserved amino acid substitution or changes in gene transcription ***,the fatty acid regulatory transcription factor GmZF351 directly activated tocopherol pathway gene expression,increasing both fatty acid and tocopherol contents in soybean *** study reveals the functional differentiation of tocopherol pathway genes in soybean populations and provides a framework for development of new soybean varieties with high a-tocopherol content and oil quality in seeds.

关键词： soybean fatty acid tocopherol vitamin E mGWAS oil quality

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