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Feeding ecology and interactions with mammal hosts in a symbiotic genus of birds(Buphagus spp.)in Namibia

Avian Research 2024年第3期15卷 336-344页

作者： Michael S.Lukubwe Daniel Velarde-Garcéz Fernando Sequeira Susana Lopes Adrian J.F.K.Craig Vanessa A.Mata Department of Zoology and Entomology Rhodes UniversityMakhandaSouth Africa Department of Wildlife Management and Tourism Studies University of NamibiaKatima Mulilo CampusNamibia Departamento de Biologia Faculdade de CiênciasUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal CIBIo Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos GenéticosInBIO Laboratório AssociadoCampus de VairãoVairãoPortugal BIoPoLIS Program in Genomics Biodiversity and Land PlanningCIBIOCampus de VairãoVairãoPortugal

As the sole obligate symbiotic birds in Africa,oxpeckers offer a unique model for studying symbiotic *** to the multitrophic level they occupy and the context dependent foraging behavior they exhibit,the type of symbiotic relationship can be *** addition to providing a cleaning service to the host by removing ticks,oxpeckers frequently feed on blood,mucus,and saliva,inflicting potential damage on the ***,we used DNA metabarcoding on faecal samples to analyze the taxonomic composition of the trophic interactions of the Yellow-billed oxpecker(Buphagus africanus)and Red-billed oxpecker(***)in northeastern *** contrast to conventional methods,DNA metabarcoding allows for a detailed identification of dietary resources encompassing both mammal hosts and consumed arthropods within the same *** this information,we examined differences in the diet composition between oxpecker species and localities,as well as the co-occurrence between host and arthropod *** findings revealed that oxpeckers predominantly source their diet from mammals,ticks,and flies;however,ticks and flies rarely co-occur in the diet of an *** observed variability among individuals in their feeding ecology,which is strongly correlated with locality and,to a lesser extent,with the mammal *** noted a high degree of mobility between hosts within relatively short periods,with 32%of the samples showing traces of at least two mammal *** study illustrates the dynamic foraging behavior of these specialized symbiotic birds,shedding light on their potential role in pest control services and disease transmission.

关键词： Commensalism Diet DNA metabarcoding oxpeckers Parasitism Trophic ecology

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Efficacy of acupuncture on cancer pain:A systematic review and meta-analysis

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2024年第3期22卷 235-244页

作者： Miguel Faria Mónica Teixeira Maria João Pinto Paulo Sargento Núcleo de Investigação em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde Instituto Politécnico da Lusofonia1950-396 LisboaPortugal Clínica São João de Deus 1700-048 LisboaPortugal REQUIMTE/LAQV(Rede de Química e Tecnologia/Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde) Instituto Superior de EngenhariaInstituto Politécnico do Porto4051-401 PortoPortugal Hospital SoERAD 2560-312 Torres VedrasPortugal Centro de Estudos Avançados em Direito“Francisco Suarez ”1749-024 LisboaPortugal

Background:Pain associated with cancer is one of the greatest causes of reduced quality of life in *** is one of the treatments used to address this issue,with the great advantage of having little or no side effects,especially when compared with pharmacological ***:The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the current evidence regarding the efficacy of acupuncture for cancer *** strategy:Six electronic databases(PubMed,EBSCo,Cochrane Library,Scielo,b-on and Scopus)were searched for relevant articles about pain relief in cancer patients from their beginning until 2022using MeSH terms such as“acupuncture,”“electroacupuncture,”“ear acupuncture,”“acupuncture analgesia,”“oncological pain,”and“cancer pain.”Inclusion criteria:Studies included were randomized controlled trials(RCTs)where acupuncture was compared with no treatment,placebo acupuncture or usual *** extraction and analysis:Three independent reviewers participated in data extraction and evaluation of risk of bias,and a meta-analysis was *** primary outcome was pain intensity,measured with the visual analog scale,numeric rating scale,or brief pain *** outcomes also assessed were quality of life,functionality,xerostomia,pain interference,and analgesic *** were expressed as standardized mean difference(SMD)with 95%confidence interval(CI).Results:Sixteen RCTs with a total of 1124 participants were included in the meta-analysis,with the majority of the studies presenting a low or unclear risk of *** was more effective in reducing pain than no treatment(SMD=–0.90,95%CI[–1.68,–0.12]),sham acupuncture(SMD=–1.10,95%CI[–1.59,–0.61])or usual care(SMD=–1.16,95%CI[–1.38,–0.93]).Conclusion:The results of this study suggest that acupuncture may be an effective intervention to reduce pain associated with *** some limitations due to the low quality and small sample size of some included st

关键词： Acupuncture Cancer pain Meta-analysis Systematic review

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Seasonal variation and host sex affect bat–bat fly interaction networks in the Amazonian savannahs

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第3期19卷 400-416页

作者： Paulo MEJIA Gustavo Lima URBIETA Bruna da Silva XAVIER IsaíJorge de CASTRo JoséJúlio DE ToLEDo Gustavo GRACIoLLI Lucio AndréVIANA DIAS William Douglas CARVALHo Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Tropical Universidade Federal do Amapá(UNIFAP)MacapáAPBrazil Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia Instituto de BiologiaCentro de Ciências da SaúdeUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro(UFRJ)Rio de JaneiroRJBrazil Laboratório de Mamíferos Instituto de Pesquisas Científicas e Tecnológicas do Estado do Amapá(IEPA)MacapáAPBrazil Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal Laboratório de SistemáticaEcologia e Evolução(LSEE)Instituto de BiociênciasUniversidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul(UFMS)Campo GrandeMTBrazil Terrestrial Ecology Group(TEG-UAM) Departamento de EcologíaFacultad de CienciasUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global(CIBC-UAM) Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain

Bats are the second-most diverse group of mammals in the world,and bat flies are their main ***,significant knowledge gaps remain regarding these antagonistic interactions,especially since diverse factors such as seasonality and host sex can affect their network ***,we explore the influence of such factors by comparing species richness and composition of bat flies on host bats,as well as specialization and modularity of bat–bat fly interaction networks between seasons and adult host *** captured bats and collected their ectoparasitic flies at 10 sampling sites in the savannahs of AmapáState,northeastern region of the Brazilian *** female bats being more parasitized and recording greater bat fly species richness in the wet season,neither relationship was statistically *** pooled network could be divided into 15 compartments with 54 links,and all subnetworks comprised>12 *** total number of links ranged from 27 to 48(for the dry and wet seasons,respectively),and female and male subnetworks had 44 and 41 links,*** values were very low for the pooled network and for all *** results revealed higher bat fly species richness and abundance in the wet season,whereas specialization and modularity were higher in the dry ***,the subnetwork for female bats displayed higher specialization and modularity than the male ***,both seasonality and host sex contribute in different ways to bat–bat fly network *** studies should consider these factors when evaluating bat–bat fly interaction networks.

关键词： Amapá Amazon biome bat flies bats interaction networks

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Detection and clearance in Alzheimer’s disease: leading with illusive chemical, structural and morphological features of the targets

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第3期19卷 497-498页

作者： Luís Gales i3S−Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde Rua Alfredo AllenPortoPortugal(Gales L)IBMC−Instituto de Biologia Molecular e CelularUniversidade do PortoRua Alfredo AllenPortoPortugal ICBAS−Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar Rua de Jorge Viterbo FerreiraPortoPortugal

Highly specific interactions between biomolecules,such as antigen-antibody,protein-ligand,or nucleic acid base pair complementary are on the basis of the organization of complex *** same principles may be tentatively used in molecular medicine for diagnosis and therapeutics.A molecule can be designed to selectively bind a protease and thereby inhibit the production of a peptide that forms toxic aggregates in the brain or an antibody may be produced to bind specifically to that peptide for detection or clearance ***,interference in biological systems is not that *** a start there is the inhibition of the physiological role of the protease;moreover,several cleavage fragments may be produced,which may continue to diverge due to putative post-translational modification and self-assembly processes,hiding the toxic target in a“soup”of peptide species varying in size,structure and chemical composition.A perspective of the current status and challenges in targeting peptide species for diagnosis and treatment in the context of Alzheimer’s disease is given.

关键词： Alzheimer diagnosis thereby

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Contribution of glial cells to the neuroprotective effects triggered by repetitive magnetic stimulation:a systematic review

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第1期19卷 116-123页

作者： Susana A.Ferreira Nuno Pinto Inês Serrenho Maria Vaz Pato Graça Baltazar Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde(CICS-UBI) Universidade da Beira InteriorCovilhãPortugal Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde Universidade da Beira InteriorCovilhãPortugal GRUBI-Systematic Reviews Group University of Beira InteriorCovilhãPortugal

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation has been increasingly studied in different neurological diseases,and although most studies focus on its effects on neuronal cells,the contribution of nonneuronal cells to the improvement trigge red by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in these diseases has been increasingly *** systematically review the effects of repetitive magnetic stimulation on non-neuronal cells two online *** of Science and PubMed were searched fo r the effects of high-frequency-repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation,low-frequencyrepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation,intermittent theta-bu rst stimulation,continuous thetaburst stimulation,or repetitive magnetic stimulation on non-neuronal cells in models of disease and in unlesioned animals or cells.A total of 52 studies were *** protocol more frequently used was high-frequency-repetitive magnetic stimulation,and in models of disease,most studies report that high-frequency-repetitive magnetic stimulation led to a decrease in astrocyte and mic roglial reactivity,a decrease in the release of pro-inflammatory cyto kines,and an increase of oligodendrocyte *** trend towards decreased microglial and astrocyte reactivity as well as increased oligodendrocyte proliferation occurred with intermittent theta-burst stimulation and continuous theta-burst *** papers analyzed the low-frequency-repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation protocol,and the parameters evaluated were restricted to the study of astrocyte reactivity and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines,repo rting the absence of effects on these paramete *** what concerns the use of magnetic stimulation in unlesioned animals or cells,most articles on all four types of stimulation reported a lack of *** is also important to point out that the studies were developed mostly in male rodents,not evaluating possible diffe rential effects of repetitive transcranial magneti

关键词： astrocyte glia high-frequency repetitive magnetic stimulation inflammation low-frequency repetitive magnetic stimulation microglia neurologic disorders oligodendrocyte repetitive magnetic stimulation theta-burst stimulation

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New avenues for the treatment of immunotherapy-resistant pancreatic cancer

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal oncology 2024年第4期16卷 1134-1153页

作者： Luis Guilherme de oliveira Silva Fabian Fellipe Bueno Lemos Marcel Silva Luz Samuel Luca Rocha Pinheiro Mariana dos Santos Calmon Gabriel Lima Correa Santos Gabriel Reis Rocha Fabrício Freire de Melo Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde Universidade Federal da BahiaVitória da Conquista 45029-094BahiaBrazil

Pancreatic cancer(PC)is characterized by its extremely aggressive nature and ranks 14th in the number of new cancer cases ***,due to its complexity,it ranks 7th in the list of the most lethal cancers *** pathogenesis of PC involves several complex processes,including familial genetic factors associated with risk factors such as obesity,diabetes mellitus,chronic pancreatitis,and *** in genes such as KRAS,TP53,and SMAD4 are linked to the appearance of malignant cells that generate pancreatic lesions and,consequently,*** this context,some therapies are used for PC,one of which is immunotherapy,which is extremely promising in various other types of cancer but has shown little response in the treatment of PC due to various resistance mechanisms that contribute to a drop in immunotherapy *** is therefore clear that the tumor microenvironment(TME)has a huge impact on the resistance process,since cellular and non-cellular elements create an immunosuppressive environment,characterized by a dense desmoplastic stroma with cancerassociated fibroblasts,pancreatic stellate cells,extracellular matrix,and immunosuppressive *** to this are genetic mutations in TP53 and immunosuppressive factors that act on T cells,resulting in a shortage of CD8+T cells and limited expression of activation markers such as *** this way,finding new strategies that make it possible to manipulate resistance mechanisms is ***,techniques such as the use of TME modulators that block receptors and stromal molecules that generate resistance,the use of genetic manipulation in specific regions,such as microRNAs,the modulation of extrinsic and intrinsic factors associated with T cells,and,above all,therapeutic models that combine these modulation techniques constitute the promising future of PC ***,this study aims to elucidate the main mechanisms of resistance to immunotherapy in PC and new ways of manipulating thi

关键词： Pancreatic cancer Immunotherapy Resistance Tumor microenvironment manipulation Combined immunotherapy

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A Study of the Comets with Large Perihelion Distances C/2019 L3(ATLAS)and C/2019 o3(Palomar)

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第9期24卷 199-213页

作者： Alberto S.Betzler Centro de Ciencia e Tecnologia em Energia e Sustentabilidade Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da BahiaFeira de SantanaBahia44.085-132Brazil

This work analyzes the photometric data of the oort spike comets C/2019 L3(ATLAS)and C/2019 o3(Palomar)obtained between 2016 and 2023 by the ATLAS network and the Belgian olmen *** comets Palomar and ATLAS have a typical and unusually high activity level,respectively,based on the Afρparameter corrected to phase angle zero at *** absolute magnitude of comets ATLAS and Palomar in the o-band is 4.71±0.05 and 4.16±0.02 *** cometary activity of comets ATLAS and Palomar probably began at r>13 au before perihelion and will end at r>14 au after perihelion,which means that they could remain active until the second half of *** nucleus of comet ATLAS has a minimum radius of 7.9 km,and the nucleus of comet Palomar could be a little *** c-o colors of the comets ATLAS and Palomar are redder and bluer,respectively,at perihelion than the solar twin YBP *** comets showed a bluish trend in the coma color with decreasing heliocentric *** Palomar probably had two outbursts after its perihelion,each releasing about 10^(8)kg of *** slopes of the photometric profile of the comae of these comets were between 1and 1.5,indicating a steady state during the observation campaign.

关键词： individual C/2019 L3(ATLAS) C/2019 o3(Palomar) techniques:photometric methods:data analysis

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Long chikungunya?An overview to immunopathology of persistent arthralgia

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World Journal of Virology 2024年第2期13卷 48-57页

作者： Jayme Euclydes Picasky Silveira-Freitas Maria Luiza Campagnolo Mariana dos Santos Cortez Fabrício Freire de Melo Ana Carla Zarpelon-Schutz Kádima Nayara Teixeira Campus Toledo Universidade Federal do ParanáToledoParaná85919-899Brazil Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde Universidade Federal da BahiaCampus Anísio TeixeiraVitória da ConquistaBahia 45029-094Brazil Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia PalotinaUniversidade Federal do Paraná-Setor PalotinaParaná85950-000Brazil Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular PalotinaUniversidade Federal do Paraná-Setor PalotinaParaná85950-000Brazil

Chikungunya fever(CF)is caused by an arbovirus whose manifestations are extremely diverse,and it has evolved with significant severity in recent *** clinical signs triggered by the Chikungunya virus are similar to those of other ***,fever starts abruptly and reaches high levels,followed by severe polyarthralgia and myalgia,as well as an erythematous or petechial maculopapular rash,varying in severity and *** 40%to 60%of affected individuals report persistent arthralgia,which can last from months to *** symptoms of CF mainly represent the tissue tropism of the virus rather than the immunopathogenesis triggered by the host's immune *** main mechanisms associated with arthralgia have been linked to an increase in T helper type 17 cells and a consequent increase in receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Βligand and bone *** review suggests that persistent arthralgia results from the presence of viral antigens post-infection and the constant activation of signaling lymphocytic activation molecule family member 7 in synovial macrophages,leading to local infiltration of CD4+T cells,which sustains the inflammatory process in the joints through the secretion of pro-inflammatory *** term"long chikungunya"was used in this review to refer to persistent arthralgia since,due to its manifestation over long periods after the end of the viral infection,this clinical condition seems to be characterized more as a sequel than as a symptom,given that there is no active infection involved.

关键词： Chikungunya Immunopathology Inflammation process Persistent arthralgia Signaling lymphocytic activation molecule family member 7

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Environmental determinants of social wasp diversity and assemblage structure in an Amazonian archipelagic landscape

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Zoological Research(Diversity and Conservation) 2024年第2期1卷 121-129页

作者： Jose Victor Alves Ferreira Alexandre Somavilla Maíra Benchimol Ana Filipa Palmeirim Carlos A.Peres Danielle Storck-Tonon Laboratório de Ecologia Aplicada àConservação Universidade Estadual de Santa CruzIlhéus 45662-900Brazil Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia Coordenação de BiodiversidadeManaus 69067-001Brazil CIBIo Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos GenéticosInBIO Laboratório AssociadoCampus de VairãoUniversidade do PortoVairão 4485-661Portugal BIoPoLIS Program in Genomics Biodiversity and Land PlanningCIBIOCampus de VairãoVairão 4485-661Portugal School of Environmental Sciences University of East AngliaNorwich NR47TJUK Instituto Juruá Manaus69057-060Brazil Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ambiente e Sistemas de Produção Agrícola(PPGASP) Universidade do Estado de Mato GrossoTangaráda Serra 78300-970Brazil

Hydropower development has become an important driver of habitat loss and fragmentation across lowland tropical *** ample evidence on the detrimental effects of insular habitat fragmentation on biodiversity,invertebrate taxa,that may be critical to ecosystem functioning,have been *** assessed the assemblage-level responses of social wasps to forest insularization induced by the Balbina Hydroelectric Dam in Central Brazilian *** Malaise trapping,we captured wasps on 27 forest islands and three continuous *** constructed Generalized Linear Models and employed a model selection approach to examine the impact of local variables(fire severity(FIRE)and basal area of pioneer tree species(PIoNEER))and landscape-scale variables(amount of habitat(CoVER))on patterns of species richness,composition,and body size of wasps.A total of 374 individuals(29 species)were collected across all sampling *** was the main predictor of species richness,while PIoNEER was the only variable that explained variation in community composition,with a negative effect on body *** results add evidence to the pervasive impacts of large hydroelectric dams on tropical forest biodiversity,and suggest that social wasps,among other invertebrates,can be used as bioindicators in infrastructure development projects.

关键词： Habitat amount hypothesis Habitat fragmentation Habitat loss Hydroelectric dams Invertebrates

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Floristic composition and edaphic relationships in ferruginous campo rupestre reference ecosystems

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第3期21卷 719-733页

作者： G.Wilson FERNANDES Letícia RAMoS Dario C.PAIVA Jéssica CUNHA-BLUM Vanessa Matos GoMES Daniel NEGREIRoS Ecologia Evolutiva&Biodiversidade Departamento de GenéticaEcologia e Evolução/ICBUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais31270-901Belo HorizonteMGBrazil Knowledge Center for Biodiversity 31270-901Belo HorizonteMGBrazil Department of Biological Sciences Institute of EnvironmentFlorida International UniversityMiamiFL 33199USA Programa de Pós Graduação em Biodiversidade e Uso dos Recursos Naturais Universidade Estadual de Montes ClarosMontes ClarosMGBrazil Laboratório de Estudo das Relações Solo-Planta Departamento de SolosUniversidade Federal Rural do Rio de JaneiroSeropédicaRGBrazil

Land use change and occupation have led to modifications in the environment causing loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services throughout the *** environments with high economic relevance,such as the ferruginous campo rupestre(rupestrian grassland known as Canga in Brazil),are even more susceptible to severe impacts due to their extreme habitat conditions and low *** determination of reference ecosystems based on the intrinsic characteristics of the ecosystem is essential for conservation as well as to the implementation of ecological *** proposed the reference ecosystem of the three main types of habitats of the ferruginous campo rupestre based on their floristic *** described the floristic composition of each habitat and evaluated the physicochemical properties of the soils and the relationship between plants and *** three habitats showed high diversity of plant species and many endemic species,such as Chamaecrista choriophylla,Cuphea pseudovaccinium,Lychnophora pinaster,and Vellozia *** distribution of vegetation was strongly related with the edaphic characteristics,with a set of species more adapted to high concentration of base saturation,fine sand,organic carbon,and iron,while another set of species succeeded in more acidic soils with higher S and silt *** provide support for the contention that the ferruginous campo rupestre is a mosaic of different habitats shaped by intrinsic local *** to recognize the floristic composition of each particular habitat can lead to inappropriate restoration,increased habitat homogenization and increased loss of biodiversity and ecosystem *** study also advances the knowledge base for building the reference ecosystem for the different types of ferruginous campo rupestre habitats,as well as a key database for highlighting those species contribute most to community assembly in this diverse and threatened tropical mountain ecosystem.

关键词： Canga Ecological restoration Extreme ecosystem Non-forest ecosystems Rupestrian grassland Taxon environment relationships

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