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Ecological implications of twentieth century reforestation programs for the urban forests of São Paulo, Brazil: a study based on litterfall and nutrient cycling

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Ecological Processes 2021年第1期10卷 367-379页

作者： Maurício Lamano Ferreira Marcelo Ferreira Barbosa Eduardo Pereira Cabral Gomes Ana Paula Branco do Nascimento Edgar Fernando de Luca Karina Gonçalves da Silva Ulisses Bezerra França Plínio Barbosa de Camargo Raffaele Lafortezza Master’s Program in Health Promotion Adventist University of São PauloSão PauloSPBrazil. Master’s Program in Geoenvironmental Analysis University of GuarulhosGuarulhosSPBrazil. Department of Health Faculty of Biological ScienceUniversity Nove de Julho(UNINOVE)São PauloSPBrazil. Institute of Botany(IBT/SP) São PauloSPBrazil. Department of Civil Engineering São Judas Tadeu UniversitySão PauloSPBrazil. Institute of Forestry(IF/SP) São PauloSPBrazil. Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura(CENA/USP) University of São PauloPiracicabaSPBrazil. Prefeitura da cidade de São Paulo(Secretaria do Verde e Meio Ambiente) São PauloSPBrazil Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences University of Bari Aldo MoroBariItaly. Department of Geography The University of Hong KongCentennial CampusPokfulam RoadHong KongHong Kong.

The focus of this study was to investigate the wide use of Eucalyptus spp.,an exotic plant with high allelopathic ability,in the reforestation programs of urban parks in São Paulo City,Brazil,over the last century.To understand the implications of using Eucalyptus spp.in the city’s parks,this study aimed to compare nutrient cycling and litter decomposition between a mixed composition of litter(i.e.,native and exotic species)and the litter of a single species(i.e.,Eucalyptus).To accomplish this,newly deciduous leaves were collected from two native and two exotic species that are commonly used in the afforestation of São Paulo as well as from Eucalyptus spp.The mixed composition of litter yielded a higher dry mass loss and return of macro-and micronutrients to the forest floor.The decomposition constant(k)values were 0.00322 and 0.00207 g g^(−1) day^(−1) for the mixed composition and Eucalyptus spp.,respectively.The time required for decomposition of 50 and 95%of deciduous material was 215 and 931 days,respectively,and for the mixed litterfall 334 and 1449 days,respectively,for Eucalyptus spp.Therefore,the mixed litter exhibited greater dry mass loss and nutrient cycling in an urban forest of São Paulo City,since dry mass losses as well as speed and amount of nutrients returned to the forest floor were relatively higher compared to Eucalyptus spp.Nutrient cycling via Eucalyptus spp.litter was less efficient than mixed composition of litter,demonstrating that reforestation programs carried out in the twentieth century using only one species may have had little success.The results of this work emphasize the fact that in urban reforestation programs the City of São Paulo must consider the environmental and biogeographic characteristics of the species employed and use high levels of biodiversity,since the city lies in a megadiverse biome.

关键词： Tropical forest Exotic species Nutrient dynamics Ecosystem functioning

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Atlantic Forest Hotspot: Why We Should Consider Mature Forests a Conservation Priority in the São Paulo Metropolitan Region, Southeastern Brazil

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2022年第1期13卷 69-83页

作者： Eduardo Hortal Pereira Barretto Eduardo Luís Martins Catharino Sã o Paulo City Herbarium S&atilde o Paulo SP Brazil Sã o Paulo Botanical Institute S&atilde o Paulo SP Brazil

The Atlantic Forest is among the 35 hotspots on the planet, and yet few floristic or structural studies have been conducted on mature forest fragments of that biome in Brazil. In view of this knowledge gap and of the need to further comprehend the importance of conserving mature forests, we surveyed the arboreal component of three little-altered forest remnants from the S?o Paulo metropolitan region (SPMR), southeastern Brazil, and compared our data with the one from other phytosociological studies performed in the region. Mature forests showed a different floristic composition from one of young forests. overall, the former has a higher number and percentage of threatened and endemic species than the latter, and also a higher exclusivity of occurrence of threatened species. In areas up to twice as smaller, mature forests have 1.5 to 4.3 times more endemic species to the Atlantic Forest and up to 9 times more species threatened with extinction than young forests. These facts, along with the scarcity of remnants of mature forests, led us to consider such forests as hotspots within the Atlantic Forest hotspot in the SPMR, as well as to categorize them as of high relevance for conservation.

关键词： Threatened Species Endemic Species Primary Forest Tropical Forest Forest Succession Biodiversity Phytosociology

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Restoration as a Social Cohesion Instrument:Vila Itororóin Central São Paulo

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Built Heritage 2018年第1期2卷 66-76页

作者： Benjamim Saviani Instituto Pedra São PauloBrazil

Recently,the restoration work of Vila Itororó-an architectural complex in central São Paulo,built around the 1920s,has been carried out,enabling applied field research for restoration as well as for historical perspective of the social and cultural development that took place at Vila Itororó.Alongside the restoration work,a cultural centre has been installed on the site,embracing the opportunities of creating a new agenda for Vila Itororówith the community while the restoration takes place.Through this,Vila Itororóhas been able to bring the discussion and practise of restoration closer to the civil society,reaching a public beyond the academic circles.The rich environment produced by these efforts has allowed for an outlet of publications and discussions regarding issues that range from architectural prospection to the role that heritage can play with our society in the city of the 21st century.This paper intends to present some of these discussions,their origins,insights and other findings that this experience has fostered.

关键词： Brazil São Paulo Vila Itororó architectural prospection restoration work

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Water quality indicators as a tool for adoption of progressive objectives in S?o Paulo State

Water quality indicators as a tool for adoption of progressi...

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作者： Claudia Bittencourt S?o Paulo State Sanitation and Water Resources Secretariat FMU University

In the 1970 s,S?o Paulo State defined qualitative frameworks for its water resources based on main economic activities to be developed on rivers basins.Sometimes objectives are too far from the actual moment,and that temporal dimension horizons can be better defined on participative and technical basis.Actually is being studied a criteria to subsidize delimitation of intermediary objectives that supports the planning process to be continuously developed on a more intensive progressive perspective.once the planning have being elaborated on a participative foundation among municipalities,State government and society,a criteria approved by the stakeholders can help on reducing the natural conflicts when stablishing planning products.The proposal presented in the actual paper was approved preliminarily and is submitted to further studies actually.

关键词： Water Resources Quality Indicators Progressive objectives

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Antiglycation and antioxidant activities of the crude extract and saponin fraction of Tribulus terrestris before and after microcapsule release

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2022年第2期20卷 153-162页

作者： Célia Cristina Malaguti Figueiredo Amanda da Costa Gomes Filipe oliveira Granero Joao Luiz Bronzel Junior Luciana Pereira Silva Valdecir Farias Ximenes Regildo Márcio Goncalves da Silva Institute of Chemistry São Paulo State UniversityAraraquaraSão Paulo 14800-060Brazil Educational Foundation of the City of Assis AssisSão Paulo 19807-130Brazil Department of Chemistry School of SciencesSão Paulo State UniversityBauruSão Paulo 17033-360Brazil Department of Biotechnology School of SciencesHumanities and LanguagesSão Paulo State UniversityAssisSão Paulo 19806-900Brazil

objective:The present study investigated antiglycation and antioxidant activities of crude dry extract and saponin fraction of Tribulus terrestris.It also developed a method of microencapsulation and evaluated antiglycation and antioxidant activities of crude dry extract and saponin fraction before and after microcapsule release.Methods:Antiglycation activity was determined by relative electrophoretic mobility(REM),free amino groups and inhibition of advanced glycation end-product(AGE)formation.Antioxidant activity was determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH),ferric ion-reducing antioxidant power(FRAP),nitric oxide(No)and thiobarbituric acid reactive species(TBARS)tests.Microcapsules were prepared using maltodextrin as wall material and freeze-drying as encapsulation technique.Morphological characterization of microcapsules was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy,and encapsulation efficiency and microcapsule release were determined by total saponins released.Antiglycation and antioxidant assays were performed using crude dry extract and saponin fraction of T.terrestris before and after release.Results:Saponin fraction showed an increase of 32.8%total saponins.High-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis showed the presence of saponins in the obtained fraction.Antiglycation evaluation by REM demonstrated that samples before and after release presented antiglycation activity similar to bovine serum albumin treated with aminoguanidine.Additionally,samples inhibited AGE formation,highlighting treatment with saponin fraction after release(89.89%).Antioxidant tests demonstrated antioxidant activity of the samples.Crude dry extract before encapsulation presented the highest activities in DPPH(92.00%)and TBARS(32.49%)assays.Saponin fraction before encapsulation in FRAP test(499μmol Trolox equivalent per gram of dry sample)and No test(15.13μmol nitrite formed per gram of extract)presented the highest activities.Conclusion:This study presented antiglycation activity of crude dry extract

关键词： Glycation Microencapsulation oxidative stress Saponins Tribulus terrestris

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Congenital heart diseases trends in S?o Paulo State,Brazil:a national live birth data bank analysis

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2022年第7期18卷 472-481页

作者： Paola Soares Fernandes Larissa Rosario Magalhaes Tainara Rita Pezzini Edige Felipe de Sousa Santos Mauricio Giusti Calderon Medical School Nine of July University(Uni9).Sao Bernardo do CampoSPBrazil Epidemiology Department Public Health SchoolSao Paulo University(USP)Sao PauloSPBrazil Pediatric Surgery Department Hospital Benficencia Portuguesa de Sao PauloRua Maestro Cardim768Sao PauloSP CEP 01323-011Brazil Pediatric Surgery Department Hospital Santa Catarina PaulistaAv.Paulista200.Sao PauloSP CEP:01310-000Brazil

Background Congenital heart diseases(CHD)are the most common type of birth defects,affecting millions of newborns every year;no prevalence data are available in S?o Paulo State,Brazil's most populous state.The objective is to identify trends in prevalence and risk factors for CHD in Sao Paulo State,Brazil.Methods We developed a population-based study to estimate the CHD trend of prevalence in recent years,stratified by maternal age and geographical clusters,using all cases of CHD identified by the Live Births Information System(SINASC-Sistema de Informa??o Sobre Nascidos Vivos)from January 1,2005,to December 31,2018.We calculated the trends of prevalence,the regression coefficient(β),the annual percent change(APC),and 95%confidence interval using the Prais-Winsten regression model,with the Durbin-Watson test.Results We found 10,594 cases of CHD among 8,536,101 live births(LB),a prevalence of 12.4/10,000 LB.There was no difference in the sex distribution;they are primarily Caucasian(60.2%),75.2%born at term,and 74.4%weight>2500 g,66.9%of births were by cesarean section.S?o Paulo State presented an increasing CHD trend of prevalence(APC=18.9%).The highest CHD prevalence rate was in mothers aged≥35 years(22.2/10,000 LB).There were 12,271 specific congenital heart defects among 10,594 patients(1.16 CHD/patient).Atrial septal defect has the highest number of cases(3835),with a prevalence of 4.49/10,000 LB,corresponding to 31.3%of all CHD.Conclusion CHD had an increasing prevalence trend in recent years,being highest in S?o Paulo City and≥35-year mothers.

关键词： Congenital abnormalities Epidemiology Heart defects Interrupted time series PrevalencePublic health

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Implementation of a High-Risk outpatient Clinic for Children with Complex Congenital Heart Disease in a Reference Service in Brazil

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Congenital Heart Disease 2023年第6期18卷 649-656页

作者： Gustavo Foronda Vanessa Ferreira Amorim de Melo Claudia Regina Pinheiro de Castro Grau Ingrid Magatti Piva Glaucia Maria Penha Tavares Ana Cristina Sayuri Tanaka Nana Miura Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Adult Congenital Heart Diseases Heart Institute of the University of São PauloSão PauloBrazil Foronda Clinic São PauloBrazil Institute of orthopedics and Traumatology University of São PauloSão PauloBrazil Department of Echocardiography Heart Institute of the University of São PauloSão PauloBrazil

Background:Children with congenital heart disease(CHD),even after surgical approaches,and especially those who undergo staged procedures in theﬁrst months of life,remain vulnerable to readmissions and complications,requiring very close monitoring and differentiated intervention strategies.Methods:Descriptive and exploratory study,of the experience report type,which presents the process of building the high-risk outpatient clinic for complex congenital heart diseases(AAR)at the Instituto do Coração(InCor).Results:Report of the path taken to structure the AAR,demonstrating the organization,interface with the multidisciplinary team,admission and discharge criteria,training,and patient proﬁle.In theseﬁve years of care,275 patients were treated,59.65%with biventricular interstage physiology,followed by univentricular interstage physiology(34.55%),residual defects after surgical procedures(3.63%),tumors with risk of mechanical obstruction(1.45%)and patients with an intrauterine approach(0.72%).The signiﬁcant number of critical patients who were successfully discharged from hospital(44.72%),the low mortality rate due to sudden deaths at home and the high adherence to follow-up cor-roborate the impact of this specialized assistance.Conclusions:Despite the limitations of the study,this experi-ence report showed that with few resources,there is the possibility of organizing an AAR with differentiated care,with the objective of early detection and treatment of residual injuries,identiﬁcation of early interventions,edu-cation of parents for follow-up of their children,resulting in individualized treatment,promoting a better quality of life for this population.

关键词： Congenital heart defects ambulatory care heart defects

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Short-and long-term effects of an extreme case of autotomy:does“tail”loss and subsequent constipation decrease the locomotor performance of male and female scorpions?

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Integrative Zoology 2022年第5期17卷 672-688页

作者： Solimary GARCÍA-HERNÁNDEZ Glauco MACHADo Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia Instituto de BiociênciasUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloBrazil LAGE do Departamento de Ecologia Instituto de BiociênciasUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloBrazil

In many taxa,individuals voluntarily detach a body part as a form to increase their chances of escaping predation.This defense mechanism,known as autotomy,has several consequences,such as changes in locomotor performance that may affectﬁtness.Scorpions of the genus Ananteris autotomize the“tail”,which in fact corresponds to the last abdominal segments.After autotomy,individuals lose nearly 25%of their body mass and the last portion of the digestive tract,including the anus,which prevents defecation and leads to constipation,because regeneration does not occur.Here,we experimentally investigated the short-and long-term effects of tail loss on the locomotor performance of Ananteris balzani.In a short-term experiment,the maximum running speed(MRS)of males and females did not change after autotomy.Moreover,the relative mass of the lost tail did not affect the change in MRS after autotomy.In a long-term experiment,autotomy had a negative effect on the MRS of males,but not of females.Autotomized over-fed individuals suffered from severe constipation but were not slower than autotomized normally fed individuals.In conclusion,tail loss has no immediate effect on the locomotor performance of scorpions.The long-term decrease in the locomotor performance of autotomized males may impair mate searching.However,because death by constipation takes several months,males have a long time toﬁnd mates and reproduce.Thus,the prolonged period between autotomy and death by constipation is crucial for understanding the evolution of one of the most extreme cases of autotomy in nature.

关键词： ﬁtness costs maximum running speed sex differences tail loss weight loss

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The transient receptor potential melastatin 2:a new therapeutical target for Parkinson's disease?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第8期18卷 1652-1656页

作者： Ana Flávia F.Ferreira Luiz Roberto G.Britto Department of Physiology and Biophysics Institute of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of São PauloSão PauloBrazil

The transient receptor potential melastatin 2 is a calcium-permeable cation channel member of the TRP family. Also known as an oxidative stress-activated channel, the transient receptor potential melastatin 2 gating mechanism is dependent on reactive oxygen species. In pathological conditions, transient receptor potential melastatin 2 is overactivated, leading to a Ca~(2+) influx that alters cell homeostasis and promotes cell death. The role of transient receptor potential melastatin 2 in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and ischemia, has already been described and reviewed. However, data on transient receptor potential melastatin 2 involvement in Parkinson's disease pathology has emerged only in recent years and the issue lacks review studies that focus specifically on this topic. The present review aims to elucidate the role of the transient receptor potential melastatin 2 channel in Parkinson's disease by reviewing, summarizing, and discussing the in vitro, in vivo, and human studies published until August 2022. Here we describe fourteen studies that evaluated the transient receptor potential melastatin 2 channel in Parkinson's disease. The Parkinson's disease model used, transient receptor potential melastatin 2 antagonist and genetic approaches, and the main outcomes reported were discussed. The studies described transient receptor potential melastatin 2 activation and enhanced expression in different Parkinson's disease models. They also evidenced protective and restorative effects when using transient receptor potential melastatin 2 antagonists, knockout, or silencing. This review provides a literature overview and suggests where there is a need for more research. As a perspective point, this review shows evidence that supports transient receptor potential melastatin 2 as a pharmacological target for Parkinson's disease in the future.

关键词： 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1 2 3 6-tetrahydropyridine(MPTP) 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium(MPP+) 6-hydroxydopamine AG490 clotrimazole flufenamic acid N-(p-amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic acid Parkinson's disease poly-ADPR polymerase type 1(PARP1) rotenone paraquat transient receptor potential melastatin 2(TRPM2)

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Repeat hepatectomy for recurrent colorectal liver metastases:A comparative analysis of short-and long-term results

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2022年第2期21卷 162-167页

作者： paulo Figueiredo Costa Fabricio Ferreira Coelho Vagner Birk Jeismann Jaime Arthur Pirola Kruger Gilton Marques Fonseca Ivan Cecconello paulo Herman Digestive Surgery Brazilian College of Digestive Surgery(Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgia Digestiva-CBCD) São PauloBrazil Digestive Surgery Division Department of GastroenterologyUniversity of São Paulo School of MedicineSão PauloBrazil Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo(ICESP) São PauloBrazil

Background: Liver recurrence after resection of colorectal liver metastases(CRLM) is frequent. Repeat hepatectomy has been shown to have satisfactory perioperative results. However, the long-term outcomes and the benefts for patients with early recurrence have not been clarifed. The aim of this study was to compare the short-and long-term outcomes of patients undergoing single hepatectomy and repeat hepatectomy for CRLM. Additionally, the oncological outcomes of patients with early( ≤ 6 months) and late recurrence who underwent repeat hepatectomy were compared. Methods: Consecutive adult patients undergoing hepatectomy for CRLM between June 20 0 0 and February 2020 were included and divided into two groups: single hepatectomy and repeat hepatectomy. Results: A total of 709 patients were included: 649 in the single hepatectomy group and 60 in the repeat hepatectomy group. Patients in the repeat hepatectomy group underwent more cycles of preoperative chemotherapy [4(3-6) vs. 3(2-4), P = 0.003]. Patients in the single hepatectomy group more frequently underwent major hepatectomies(34.5% vs. 16.7%, P = 0.004) and had a greater number of lesions resected(2.9 ± 3.6 vs. 1.9 ± 1.8, P = 0.011). There was no increase in operative time, estimated blood loss, length of hospital stay, complications, or mortality in the repeat hepatectomy group. There were no differences in overall survival( P = 0.626) and disease-free survival( P = 0.579) between the two groups. Similarly, for patients underwent repeat hepatectomy, no difference was observed between the early and late recurrence groups in terms of overall survival( P = 0.771) or disease-free survival( P = 0.350). Conclusions: Repeat hepatectomy is feasible and safe, with similar short-and long-term outcomes when compared to single hepatectomy. Surgical treatment of early liver recurrence offers similar oncological outcomes to those obtained for late recurrence.

关键词： Colorectal cancer Metastasis Hepatectomy Postoperative complications Survival analysis

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