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Morphometry and Mineral Content in the Seeds and Soil of Two Species of Argemone L.(Papaveraceae)in the Central Part of the Chihuahuan Desert

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2024年第2期93卷 371-386页

作者： Perla Patricia Ochoa-García Jaime Sánchez-Salas Ricardo Trejo-Calzada Jesús JosafathQuezada-Rivera Fabián García-González Unidad Regional Universitaria de ZonasÁridas BermejilloUniversidad Autónoma ChapingoDurango35230México Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Universidad Juárez del Estado de DurangoGómez PalacioDurango35010México

The genus Argemone L.(Papaveraceae)is found widely distributed in Mexico’s Chihuahuan Desert(CD).Some species of this genus are of phytochemical or ethnobotanical *** are inedible plants considered as *** date they have not been broadly studied;thus,their ecology is,to our knowledge,*** present work was centered around carrying out a morphometric analysis and the determination of minerals in the soil and seeds of the wild populations of Argemone at sites belonging to two ecoregions of the CD in *** April 2021 and April 2022,seeds of Argemone spp.,and soil samples were collected at 10 sites of the *** seeds were selected under a randomized design,and weight,length,diameter,thickness,buoyancy,and mineral content were *** soil samples were obtained under the Mexican regulation NOM-021-RECNAT-2000,and determinations of mineral content,electrical conductivity,apparent density,and soluble anions were *** information obtained was grouped by variable,species,and place of *** statistical tests consisted of an ANOVA,Tukey means tests considering p≤0.05,and a Principal Components *** pleiacantha exhibited differences in terms of weight(F=54.79,p=0.001),length(F=90.83,p=0.001),thickness(F=104.89,p=0.001),and diameter(F=155.82,p=0.001),and the differences in Argemone mexicana were in weight(F=46.71,p=0.001),thickness(F=187.49,p=0.001),length(F=191.56,p=0.001),and diameter(F=215.83,p=0.001).The evaluated seeds reached their maximal imbibition velocity at 24 h of *** content of the micro-and macro-nutrients analyzed in the seeds and soil suggest a tight relation with the morphometric characteristics of the seeds.

关键词： Micronutrients agricultural area semiarid zone ecoregion buoyancy

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An Artificial Neural Network Model to Analyze Maize Price Behavior in Mexico

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Applied Mathematics 2018年第5期9卷 473-487页

作者： Raquel Salazar Moreno Oscar Zerecero Salazar Universidad Autó noma chapingo Texcoco Mexico

Mexican producers were supported by the Government from 1993-2013 through the PROCAMPO (support program, direct subsidy from the federal government), in order to keep the prices stable. The tool used to analyze the basic products price behavior was Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models. Data from the period 1980 to 2014 was available, and two ANN models were implemented, one including only internal prices of related products and the second takes into account also the international maize price. The purpose of this paper was to analyze the impact of internal related products and international maize price on the behavior of internal maize price. Both models demonstrated the powerful of the ANN for prediction of the maize price 3 and 5 years ahead. Also, a sensitivity analysis was performed using Garson’s algorithm, through which was demonstrated that rice, safflower and sorghum are corn’s complementary products. The rice price was the variable with a major positive impact on the national corn price. On the other hand, wheat, soybean and barley behave as corn’s substitute products, with wheat price being the variable with major impact on the corn price. Including the international corn price improves the model performance, besides there was a negative sensitivity between the international and national corn price;this behavior is explained by the fact that during PROCAMPO existence, the national prices were forced to be stable while the international maize price was increasing. Finally, this study showed the application of the ANN models in a particular product price behavior, with the possibility of being used in the decision making process for the application of subsidies to the agricultural producers in public policies.

关键词： PROCAMPO Prediction Sensitivity Analysis Policy Impact

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Photovoltaic Prickle Pear Harvesting Tool

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Natural Resources 2013年第3期4卷 263-265页

作者： Federico Hahn Departamento Irrigación Universidad Autónoma Chapingo Chapingo México.

Mexico is the largest cactus exporter of the world and 40% of the production cost is provided from the harvest operation. Many workers are required to operate daily and suffer wrist pain after two weeks of collecting pears with mechanical pruners. A motor driven tool supplied from a photovoltaic system was employed for harvesting;different blades were tested at different cutting speeds. It was found that toothed blades sliced the pears with efficiencies over 90%. Abrasive blades were finally selected as the current required per cut was minimum, permitting a longer battery lifetime before requiring recharging.

关键词： Prickle Pear Harvesting Tool Current Integral

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Comparative Analysis of Biogas Estimation Models versus <i>In-Situ</i>Measurement in a Landfill Site in the State of Mexico, Mexico

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2017年第12期8卷 1460-1473页

作者： Pablo Emilio Escamilla-García María Elena Tavera-Cortés Francisco Pérez-Soto Universidad Autónoma chapingo Chapingo México Instituto Politécnico Nacional Mexico City Mexico

This paper shows a comparative analysis of theoretical model for biogas estimations in landfill sites in order to determine reliability, accuracy and efficiency by comparing results with actual data obtained in-situ. The model from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Mexican model were selected to estimate biogas generation in a landfill site located in the State of Mexico, Mexico with 36 wells. Both models are based on a first order equation for degradation of organic matter assuming that the biogas generation reaches its maximum after a period of time and then biogas generation decreases exponentially while the organic fraction of waste is consumed. Measurement in-situ, using a landfill gas analyser (GA5000), resulted in values of percentage concentration of landfill gas (CH4, CO2 and O2) with an average Frequency of 35.44 Hz (1/s) and emissions of methane of 3355.99 m3/hr in contrast with 4885.74 m3/hr from EPA model and 6780.56 m3/hr from Mexican model. The experiment evidenced significant variations in estimations versus actual measurements. Authors discuss the aspects and parameters that cause such variations in order to provide a comprehensive analysis which will help decision makers to base waste management strategies in Mexico on reliable data.

关键词： Biogas Methane Landfill Gas Estimation Models

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Assessing the Performance of Two Hydrologic Models for Forecasting Daily Streamflows in the Cazones River Basin (Mexico)

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Open Journal of Modern Hydrology 2016年第3期6卷 168-181页

作者： Fernando González-Leiva Rodrigo Valdés-Pineda Juan B. Valdés Laura A. Ibáñez-Castillo Posgrado en Ingeniería Agrícola y Uso Integral del Agua Universidad Autónoma Chapingo Chapingo México Department of Hydrology and Water Resources University of Arizona Tucson AZ USA

Floods have caused significant human and economic losses in the Cazones River Basin, located on the Gulf of Mexico. Despite this knowledge, steps towards the design and implementation of an early warning system for the Cazones are still a pending task. In this study we contributed by establishing a hydrological scheme for forecasting mean daily discharges in the Cazones Basin. For these purposes, we calibrated, validated and compared the HyMod model (HM) which is physics-based, and an autoregressive-based model coupled with the Discrete Kalman Filter (ARX-DKF). The ability of both models to accurately predict discharges proved satisfactory results during the validation period with RMSEHYMOD = 2.77 [mm/day];and RMSEARX-DKF = [2.38 mm/day]. Further analysis based on a Streamflow Assimilation Ratio (SAR) revealed that both models underestimate the discharges in a similar proportion. This evaluation also showed that, under the most common conditions, the simpler stochastic model (ARX-DKF) performs better;however, under extreme hydrological conditions the deterministic HM model reveals a better performance. These results are discussed under the context of future applications and additional requirements needed to implement an early warning hydrologic system for the Cazones Basin.

关键词： Hydrologic Models Cazones Basin HyMod Discrete Kalman Filter Hydrologic Uncertainty

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Distribution of Prunus serotina Ehrh. in North America and Its Invasion in Europe

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2018年第9期6卷 111-124页

作者： Sergio Segura Félix Guzmán-Díaz Javier López-Upton Catherine Mathuriau Jósé López-Medina Centro Regional Universitario Centro Occidente-Universidad Autónoma chapingo Morelia México IH-Universidad Autonoma chapingo Chapingo México Instituto Recursos Naturales Colegio de Postgraduados Montecillos México Freelance Researcher Lyon France Facultad Agrobiología-Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo Uruapan México

Black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.) is a native North American plant species. It includes five subspecies and is currently invasive in Europe. Since pre-Hispanic times, black cherry has been known and used by American inhabitants, and its botanical use was reported in the 19th century. The present study describes the taxonomic richness and taxonomic diversity of the species based on data from 554 taxonomically confirmed collection sites. Additionally, 19 climatic parameters were used to estimate the current and future potential distribution patterns of black cherry applying a climate change model to North America and Europe. Regions of northeast Mexico, northwestern Mexico, the Great American Basin, and the Mississippi River-Great Lakes region in the USA are shown as areas where taxa of P. serotina are present. The potential distribution model of black cherry in North America shows a continuous pattern starting in the Center of Mexico and following both main Mexican mountain ranges (Sierra Madre Oriental and Sierra Madre Occidental). The pattern extends following two different paths throughout northern Mexico toward the Rocky Mountains and the Appalachians in the USA. Based on the NOAA-CCM3 climatic change model, decreased rainfall in wetlands will result in changes in future patterns in America. When applied to Europe, our model shows more extensive regions and more accurately than previous estimations;thus, the current potential distribution of the species includes important areas in the western part of the continent. The potential effect of climate change on P. serotina distribution suggests new and wider areas of possible invasion of this species throughout the continent mainly in France, Germany, and Italy. We suggest take into account the whole American taxa included in this species in the end to study its potential invasion in Europe and establishing suitable control strategies.

关键词： Black Cherry Taxonomic Richness Taxonomic Diversity Invasion Climate Change

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Evaluation of Ocimum basilicum *** Different Concentrations of K^(+)as an Inhibitor of Pathogenic Bacterial Strains

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2021年第2期90卷 533-541页

作者： Mercedes Georgina Ramírez-Aragón Victoria Jared Borroel-García Ramón Valenzuela-Soto Ricardo David Valdez-Cepeda Francisco Javier Wong-Corral JoséLuis García-Hernández Universidad Politécnica de Gómez Palacio Gómez Palacio35120México Universidad Autónoma chapingo Centro Regional Universitario Centro-NorteZacatecasZac.Universidad Autónoma de ZacatecasFacultad de MatemáticasZacatecas98053México Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos Universidad de SonoraHermosillo83000México Facultad de Agricultura y Zootecnia Universidad Juárez del Estado de DurangoGómez Palacio34000México

The extraction of bioactive compounds has become one of the most interesting areas of modern *** therapeutic reasons,it´s important to obtain antimicrobial agents from natural *** objective of the present study was to determine the inhibitory effect of ethanolic extract of basil(Ocimum basilicum *** Rubin)subjected to different concentrations of potassium(K^(+))on the activity of three bacterial strains that are pathogens in *** was evaluated by inhibition surface and these results were compared to two antibiotics:Gentamicin(GE)and Ciprofloxacin(CPF)for their efficacy against each bacterial *** variables presented significant difference(p≤0.05).According to the results,basil extract evaluated showed positive antibacterial activity against the three strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus on Mueller Hinton *** was observed highest inhibition areas of different diameters(15.3 mm,21.3 mm and 21.6 mm respectively)when the extract used was obtained from the plants with the highest concentration of potassium(13 mmol L-1).These values were even superior to the highest values showed on the treatments with the antibiotic gentamicin.

关键词： Basil inhibition potassium secondary metabolites antibiotics

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Linking Local Appreciation with Conservation of an Edible Fruit Species: The Case Study of Ilama (<i>Annona diversifolia</i>Saff.) in Tierra Caliente, Mexico

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Natural Resources 2018年第10期9卷 337-353页

作者： Caroline Lefebvre Sergio Segura Alma Carmona Catherine Mathuriau Santiago Barrios Jorge Andrés Josué Medellín-Azuara Institut National d’Horticulture Angers France Centro Regional Universitario Centro Occidente Universidad Autónoma Chapingo Morelia México Facultad Ciencias Químico-Biológicas Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero Chilpancingo Mexico Centro del Cambio Global y la Sustentabilidad A.C. Villahermosa Mexico University of California Merced CA USA

The ilama tree (Annona diversifolia Saff.) is an underutilized fruit species from Mesoamerica with a noteworthy variability in southern Mexico. The present study describes differences in knowledge and appreciation of the fruit among inhabitants from different communities in Southern Mexico, as well as differences among their ilama trees. The study took place in Tierra Caliente, a region located in the states of Guerrero and the State of Mexico. Interviews were administered in three different communities as an attempt to associate the natural morphologic variation of plants and locals’ knowledge and use of the tree in order to identify their implications for conservation. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis, and the results suggest that the morphological variation of the plants and the commercial importance of ilama are well known by locals. Indigenous community inhabitants prefer and select only white pulp trees, whereas mestizo communities promote and conserve plants with white, red, purple, and blue pulp. Germplasm flow is dynamic in the region, and ilama fruit represents a different economic value for each community. Selling the fruit is the primary goal, but not specifically its conservation and promotion. Implications for in situ conservation of ilama in Mexico are discussed.

关键词： Annona Genetic Resources In Situ Conservation Mexico Underutilized Species

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Two agronomical aspects of Tagetes terniflora HBK for essential oil production

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Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment 2014年第1期3卷 9-13页

作者： Miguel ángel Serrato Cruz Francisco Díaz Cedillo Daniel Hernández Medina Arturo Curiel Rodríguez Departamento de Fitotecnia Universidad Autónoma de Chapingo Carretera México-Texcoco Chapingo México Laboratorio de Química Orgánica Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas Instituto Politécnico Nacional Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n Casco de Santo Tomás México D.F. México

The genus Tagetes is a possible source of essential oils for the biorational control of pests and diseases in Mexico. The aim of the present study was to assess the distance between plants (PD;15 × 80, 30 × 80 and 60 × 80 cm) and urea fertilization (0, 60 and 120 kg·he-1 N) for biomass production and essential oil in Tagetes terniflora HBK. Oil was obtained by the aerial part hydro-distillation and its chemical composition was analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Factors N, PD and their interaction did not change plant height or the number of branches per plant;however, PD factor modified fresh tissue (FW) and dry tissue (DW) weights and the amount of oil per plant (p ≤ 0.05) which represent a good biomass production (30 to 72.5 ton·he-1 FW, 11 to 27 ton·he-1 DW) and oil producing (168 to 383 L·he-1 ) potential in the field. Urea did not have effect on both biomass and oil response per plant but interaction of 15 x 80 DP and 120 N could favor higher biomass and oil production potential (78 ton FW, 28 ton·he-1 DW and 608 L·he-1 , respectively). Essential oil yield varied from 0.3 to 2.1% according to the management conditions. A total of 11 major compounds were identified in essential oil, the relative quantity was constant in different agronomic management factors: E- tagetone (22%), cistagetenone (20.4%), transtagetenone (20.4%), dihydrotagetone (13.4%) and cis-β-ocimene (10.3%), trans-β-ocimene (5.0%), propenyl anisole (4.3%), sphatulenole (1.1%), allyl anisole (0.7%), Z-tagetone (0.5%) and limonene (0.5%).

关键词： Tagetes terniflora Biomass Essential Oil Chemical Composition Distance between Plants Nitrogen

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Pb and Cr Content in an Agricultural Soil Irrigated with Wastewater and Their Bioaccumulation in Alfalfa

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2023年第11期11卷 116-128页

作者： Victor Manuel Duarte Zaragoza Lozano-Camargo Maria Luisa Carrasco Hernández Violeta Pérez Hernández Victoria Sabrina División de Ingeniería Ambiental Tecnológico de Estudios Superiores del Oriente del Estado de México La Paz México Departamento de Ciencias Forestales Universidad Autónoma de Chapingo Texcoco México Facultad de Ciencias del Mar Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa Mazatlán Sinaloa México

Urban wastewater contains various pollutants, with heavy metals being common, posing risks to the environment and public health, especially when used for irrigation in agricultural systems. This study aimed to assess the total and bioavailable content of Pb and Cr in agricultural soil irrigated with wastewater and their accumulation in alfalfa crops. Five alfalfa sites were sampled, and ten surface soil samples were collected from the top 30 cm of each plot. Plant samples were also collected at each sampling point. A composite sample of irrigation water from the main channels was also collected and prepared. The concentration of heavy metals was determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results revealed concentrations of Pb and Cr (VI) in the irrigation water above the maximum permissible limits according to environmental regulations. The soil had high organic matter content, neutral pH, elevated electrical conductivity (EC), and Pb and Cr contents of up to 103 and 89 mg/kg, respectively. In alfalfa tissues, Pb and Cr concentrations were recorded at 26 mg/kg and 4.6 mg/kg, respectively (Cr (VI), with lower concentrations observed in the roots. Cr (VI) was higher at all sites, with ranges from 2.25 to 43.56, while lead (Pb) had an AR ranging from 0.64 to 27.04. The Pb presented a mean of 1.45 of the Bioaccumulation factor values, which can be considered a metal-accumulating plant.

关键词： Heavy Metals Bioavailability Lead Bioaccumulation Factor

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