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Are population cycles recovering?

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第3期19卷 538-547页

作者： Vasily D.YAKUSHOV Boris I.SHEFTEL A.n.severtsov institute of ecology and evolution of the russian academy of sciences MoscowRussia

The dynamics of populations of small mammals of Central Siberia was *** studies were carried out at the Yenisei ecological station“Mirnoye”of the *** institute of ecology and evolution,russian academy of *** time series analysis was performed by the wavelet transform using the statistical data processing language *** the 20th century,the dynamics of the population of the community and some of its constituent species(Sorex araneus;***;***;***;***;Craseomys rufocanus;Clethrionomys rutilus;Microtus oeconomus;***)were characterized by a 4-year *** type of dynamics changed to noncyclic by the nineties,but by 2022,four species(***,***,***,and ***)and the community as a whole showed a tendency toward recovery of population *** remaining species were characterized by consistently low numbers with irregular low amplitude fluctuations.

关键词： population cycles small mammals time-series analysis wavelet transform

Genetic structure of the Amur tiger(Panthera tigris altaica)population:Are tigers in Sikhote-Alin and southwest Primorye truly isolated?

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Integrative Zoology 2016年第1期11卷 25-32页

作者： Pavel A.SOROKIn Vyatcheslav V.ROZHnOV Anna U.KRASnEnKO Victor S.LUKAREVSKIY Sergey V.nAIDEnKO Jose A.HERnAnDEZ-BLAnCO A.n.severtsov institute of ecology and evolution Russian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussia

We used molecular genetic analyses to noninvasively identify individual Amur tigers and define subpopulations of tigers in the russian Far *** identified 63 individuals after genotyping 256 feces,7 hair and 11 blood samples collected within southern,central and northern Sikhote-Alin,as well as Southwest *** of nuclear DnA at 9 microsatellite loci demonstrated greater genetic similarity between animals from southern and northern Sikhote-Alin(some 500 km apart)than between animals from Ussuriskii State nature Reserve and Southwest Primorye(less than 10 km apart at their nearest point),suggesting that a true barrier exists preventing movements of tigers between Southwest Primorye and the southern Sikhote-Alin Mountains.

关键词： Amur tiger fecal DnA noninvasive genetic sampling Panthera tigris altaica

Juvenile survival curves in a solitary ground squirrel with a prolonged hibernation:effects of individual characteristics,environment,and maternal investment

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Current Zoology 2024年第1期70卷 13-23页

作者： nina A.Vasilieva Liudmila E Savinetskaya Andrey V.Tchabovsky A.n.severtsov institute of ecology and evolution Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow 119071Russia

Juvenile survival is a key life-history influence on population dynamics and adaptive *** analyzed the effects of individual chara-cteristics,early environment,and maternal investment on juvenile survival in a large solitary hibernating rodent-yellow ground squirrel Spermophilus fulvus using Cox mixed-effects *** 48%of weaned pups survived to dispersal and 17%survived to *** life expectancy was primarily determined by individual characteristics and,to a lesser extent,by the early *** strongest and pos-itive predictor of juvenile survival was body mass which crucially affected mortality immediately after *** suffered higher mortality than females after the onset of dispersal;however,the overall difference between sexes was partly masked by high rates of mortality in the first days after emergence in both *** emerged juveniles had lower life expectancy than the earliest *** overall effect of local juvenile density was *** lactation did not enhance juvenile survival:Pups nursed longer survived shorter than the young nursed for a shorter *** findings support the hypothesis that females of *** cannot effectively regulate maternal expenditures to mitigate the effects of unfavorable conditions on their *** strategy to deal with seasonal time constraints on life history in female *** suggests an early termination of maternal care at the cost of juvenile quality and *** female reproductive strategy corresponds to a"fast-solitary"life of folivorous desert-dwelling *** and other solitary ground squirrels with prolonged hibernation.

关键词： early-life conditions ground squirrels hibernation juvenile mortality maternal investment survival curves

Breeding versus survival:proximate causes of abrupt population decline under environmental change in a desert rodent,the midday gerbil(Meriones meridianus)

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Integrative Zoology 2019年第4期14卷 366-375页

作者： Andrey TCHABOVSKY Ludmila SAVInETSKAYA Elena SURKOVA Laboratory for Population ecology A.N.Severtsov Institute of Ecology and EvolutionRussian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussia

Studying abrupt ecological shifts under gradual environmental change caused,in particular,by human activity is important for understanding the fundamental aspects and underlying mechanisms of ecological *** of the rare well-documented examples of an abrupt ecological shift is the delayed step transition of the population of a desert rodent,the midday gerbil(Meriones meridianus),from high-abundance(1994-2002)to low-abundance(2003-2017)*** was in response to landscape transformation from desert to steppe caused by the drastic reduction of livestock in the rangelands of southern Russia after the collapse of the USSR in the early *** this study,we tested whether demographic parameters were correlated with the observed abrupt downward population *** found that reproductive activity(the percentage of breeding females,the number of litters,fecundity and the number of young recruited per female)showed no trend over time and did not differ between periods of high and low *** contrast,the adult sex ratio(SR=males:females)decreased significantly with time and was as much as twice more female-biased for the low-abundance population ***,SR was not related to any reproductive parameter,including the percentage of breeding fe*** conclude that proximate reasons for an abrupt population decline in *** are not associated with the changes in breeding patterns or mate limitation caused by the Allee effect but relate to the increased mortality as a result of the desert landscape being fragmented by *** mortality is expected to be higher for males as the mobile and dispersing sex.

关键词： demography landscape change rangelands reproduction threshold population dynamics

The modern state of the European saiga population(Saiga tatarica tatarica):mtDnA,DRB3 MHC gene,and microsatellite diversity

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Integrative Zoology 2023年第4期18卷 661-676页

作者： nadezhda Vladimirovna KASHInInA Anna Anatolievna LUSHCHEKInA Pavel Alexandrovich SOROKIn Karina Karenovna TARASYAn Marina Vladimirovna KHOLODOVA A.n.severtsov institute of ecology and evolution of the russian academy of sciences MoscowRussia

InTRODUCTIOn The saiga antelope[Saiga tatarica(Linnaeus,1766)]is an extant representative of the large herbivorous mammals’complex of Pleistocene steppe-tundra ecosystem(Bannikov et al.1961;Baryshnikov et al.1998).In the course of its evolutionary history,under the influence of global climate changes and later anthropogenic factors,the species experienced multiple changes in number and *** the last Ice Age,the saiga range in Eurasia was integral and achieved its maximum in the entire species history:In the west,it reached the Pyrenees and the Alps,and in the east inhabited Yakutia and Chukotka(Kahlke 2014).The disintegration of the range is directly related and correlates well with the destruction of tundra ecosystems(Baryshnikov et al.1998).Currently,there are two subspecies of the saiga:the Mongolian saiga,***(=***),and nominative subspecies,*** Mongolian subspecies is represented by a single saiga population in *** are four populations of the nominative subspecies in the arid ecosystems of Kazakhstan(Ural,Betpakdala,Ustyurt populations)and Russia(northwest Pre-Caspian population).

关键词： ecosystems northwest subspecies

Alien species of mammals and their impact on natural ecosystems in the biosphere reserves of Russia

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Integrative Zoology 2008年第2期3卷 83-94页

作者： Valery M.nEROnOV Ludmila A.KHLYAP Vladimir V.BOBROV Andrey A.WARSHAVSKY A.n.severtsov institute of ecology and evolution Russian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussia

The paper analyses the results of a survey of 37 russian biosphere reserves using questionnaires concerning thepresence of alien species of mammals, their pathways of penetration, and their impacts on protected *** penetration of alien mammals into terrestrial ecosystems of Russia is extensive, both in places with maximumhuman environmental impact (inhabited areas and agricultural lands) and in biosphere reserves with minimal humanimpact. There are 62 mammal species registered as alien in russian ecosystems and they account for 22% of theterrestrial mammal fauna of Russia. The percentage of alien species in biosphere reserves is 32.6% at most. In mostregions, Castor fiber, Ondatra zibethicus, nyctereutes procyonoides, Canis familiaris, neovison vison and Susscrofa are very dangerous, and both Castor fiber and Sus scrofa can have environment-forming impacts.

关键词： alien species biosphere reserves invasions mammals(Mammalia) Russia.

Previously unknown behavior in parasitic cuckoo females:male-like vocalization during migratory activity

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Avian Research 2021年第1期12卷 1-16页

作者： Swetlana G.Meshcheryagina Alexey Opaev institute of Plant and Animal ecology Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesEkaterinburgRussia A.n.severtsov institute of ecology and evolution Russian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussia

Background:In the last decade,enigmatic male-like cuckoo calls have been reported several times in East *** calls exhibited a combination of vocal traits of both Oriental Cuckoo(Cuculus optatus)and Common Cuckoo(Cuculus canorus)advertising calls,and some authors therefore suggested that the enigmatic calls were produced by either Common×Oriental Cuckoo male hybrids or Common Cuckoo males having a gene ***,the exact identity of calling birds are still ***:We recorded previously unknown male-like calls from three captive Oriental Cuckoo females,and compared these calls with enigmatic vocalizations recorded in the wild as well as with advertising vocalizations of Common and Oriental Cuckoo *** achieve this,we measured calls ***,we video-recorded captive female emitting male-like calls,and compared these recordings with the YouTube recordings of calling males of both Common and Oriental Cuckoos to get insight into the mechanism of call ***:The analysis showed that female male-like calls recorded in captivity were similar to enigmatic calls recorded in the ***,Oriental Cuckoo females might produce the latter *** features of these female calls appeared to be unusual among ***,females produced male-like calls at the time of spring and autumn migratory activity and on migration in the *** of this,functional significance of this call remained ***,the male-like female call unexpectedly combined features of both closed-mouth(closed beak and simultaneous inflation of the‘throat sac')and open-mouth(prominent harmonic spectrum and the maximum neck extension observed at the beginning of a sound)vocal ***:The Cuculus vocalizations outside the reproductive season remain poorly ***,we found for the first time that Oriental Cuckoo females can produce male-like calls in that *** of its rarity,this call might be an ***,fe

关键词： Closed-mouth vocal behavior Cuckoo call Cuculus optatus Female song Male-like vocalization

Age of maturation and behavioral tactics in male yellow ground squirrel Spermophilus fulvus during mating season

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Current Zoology 2014年第6期60卷 700-711页

作者： nina A. VASILIEVA Ekaterina V. PAVLOVA Sergey V. nAIDEnKO Andrey V.TCHABOVSKY A.n. severtsov institute of ecology and evolution Russian Academy of Sciences 33 Leninsky pr. Moscow 119071 Russia

Life-history theory predicts that in hibemators age of maturation is related positively to body size and negatively to the duration of active season aboveground. Yellow souslik is a large-sized ground squirrel with long hibernation, which suggests late maturation. We used four-year field observations of marked individuals to determine the age of maturation in males through analysis of age-dependent variation in body size, mass, androgen status, timing of spring emergence, ranging patterns and social behavior during the mating season. Yearling males were smaller, lighter, had lower level of fecal testosterone, emerged later and had smaller home ranges than older males. Social activity and the number of females encountered did not differ between age classes. After the second hibernation none of the studied parameters varied with age. Cluster analysis revealed two behavioral tactics：＂active＂ males （adults only） emerged earlier, ranged more widely, initiated more contacts, encountered more females and were heavier than ＂passive＂ males （both yearling and adult）. Thus, males of S. fulvus reached adult size and matured after two hibernations, which is relatively fast for such a big species with short active period. Indirect evidence for copulations and high variation among yearlings in all parameters suggest that some of them might successfully compete with adults. Active tactic of wandering and searching for females is energetically costly, and probably only adult males in good physical condition can afford it, whereas passive tactic of residing is energy saving and good for adults in poor condition and for yearlings that are continuing to grow.

关键词： Age of maturation Mating system Reproductive tactics Ground squirrel Spermophilusfulvus

Fluctuating fine-scale spatial genetic structure in the common shrews (Eulipotyphla, Mammalia)

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Integrative Zoology 2023年第3期18卷 469-492页

作者： nikolay A.SHCHIPAnOV Artem V.ARTAMOnOV Sergey V.TITOV Svetlana V.PAVLOVA A.n.severtsov institute of ecology and evolution Russian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussia Department of Zoology and ecology Penza State UniversityPenzaRussia

The spatial genetic structure is a topical issue in the studies of various aspects of ecology and *** the multilocus autocorrelation method with hypervariable microsatellite genetic markers,we investigated aﬁne-scale pattern of genetic structure in 5 local populations of the common shrew Sorex araneus separated by distances of 300–1000 m(the Moscow chromosomal race).Spatial genetic autocorrelation analysis based on 5 microsatellite loci(expected heterozygosity>0.79)with 90 alleles revealed a consistent pattern of signiﬁcant positive genetic *** testing the autocorrelation at multiple scales from 25 to 500 m,we found that positive spatial genetic structure is detectable in distance classes ofnetic structure positively correlated with a higher ratio of nonresident individuals to residents’activity(number of captures).In contrast to nonresident animals,the residents demonstrated prominent genetic *** difference(FST)between the populations was signiﬁcant(0.016–0.051)and comparable with that between populations of different races analyzed previously(0.016–0.038).FST was not associated with geographic *** demographic patterns allowed us to propose a scheme of genetic-structure dynamics involving periodic appearance of more related local groups and renewal of allelic proﬁles fromаcommon pool where the alleles are *** scheme predictsﬂuctuating genetic structure and random similar differences among local populations.

关键词： demographic pattern geneﬂow microsatellite spatial autocorrelation