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A Dynamic Model of Degradation of Air Systems in Conflict

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Journal of Mechanics Engineering and Automation 2013年第7期3卷 453-457页

作者： Eduardo Fogliato Ricardo Tomas Ferreyra Facultad de Ingenieria lnstituto Universitario Aerondutico Cordoba CP 5010 Argentina Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicas y Naturales Universidad Nacional de Cordoba Cordoba CP 5000 Argentina

In the evaluation of the necessary measurement of aeronautical means to face to a certain military operative problem, the development of an appropriate tool is of importance. Conventional techniques are considered inadequate in the analysis of military operative problems in presence of a self-attrition behavior from one of the involved parts. In this paper a traditional algorithm for measuring military power is implemented and analyzed and then we improve this traditional algorithm on the basis of the kind of degradation that systematically takes place in self-destructive systems. In terms of traditional analysis, the evolution of a war is essentially an unreal sequence of repetitive cycles. So a time-dependent function was introduced in improved the algorithm. The development of this tool of prediction has the aim to argue the management of taking decisions in this type of crisis and complements itself with historical arguments or references of rigor. A computer software show results that allows to estimate the costs of the support and to visualize the graphs associated with the degradation of the system and his temporary evolution. The improved algorithm is more suitable than the traditional one in software simulations.

关键词： Attrition warfare restoration cybernetic balance and degradation.

Cambrian-early Ordovician volcanism across the South Armorican and Occitan domains of the Variscan Belt in France:Continental break-up and rifting of the northern Gondwana margin

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Geoscience Frontiers 2017年第1期8卷 25-64页

作者： Andre Pouclet J.Javier Alvaro Jacques-Marie Bardintzeff Andres Gil Imaz Eric Monceret Daniel Vizcaino 3 rue des Foulques 85560 Longeville-sur-merFrance lnstituto de Geociencias(CSIC--UCM) c/fose Antonio Novais 1228040 MadridSpain Volcanology and Planetology UMR CNRS 8148 GEOPSUniversity of Paris-Saclay91405 OrsayFrance Departamento Ciencias de la Tierra Universidad de Zaragoza50009 ZaragozaSpain 18 rue des Fins 11570 CazilhacFrance 7 Jean-Baptiste Chardin Maquens11090 CarcassonneFrance

The Cambrian-lower Ordovician volcanic units of the South Armorican and Occitan domains are ana- lysed in a tectonostratigraphic survey of the French Variscan Belt. The South Armorican lavas consist of continental tholeiites in middle Camhrian-Furongian sequences related to continental break-up. A significant volcanic activity occurred in the Tremadocian, dominated by crustal melted rhyolitic lavas and initial rifting tholeiites. The Occitan lavas are distributed into five volcanic phases：（I） basal Cambrian rhyolites, （2） upper lower Cambrian Mg-rich tholeiites close to N-MORBs but crustal contaminated, （3） upper lower-middle Cambrian continental tholeiites, （4） Tremadocian rhyolites, and （5） upper lower Ordovician initial rift tholeiites. A rifting event linked to asthenosphere upwelling took place in the late early Cambrian but did not evolve. It renewed in the Tremadocian with abundant crustal melting due to underplating of mixed asthenospheric and lithospheric magmas. This main tectono-magmatic conti- nental rift is termed the ＂Tremadocian Tectonic Belt＂ underlined by a chain of rhyolitic volcanoes from Occitan and South Armorican domains to Central Iberia. It evolved with the setting of syn-rift coarse siliciclastic deposits overlain by post-rift deep water shales in a suite of sedimentary basins that fore- casted the South Armorican-Medio-European Ocean as a part of the Palaeotethys Ocean.

关键词： Gondwana margin Cambro-Ordovician volcanic activity Continental tholeiite Rheic Ocean Middle-European Ocean Palaeotethys Ocean

Reconstruction of lateral root formation through single-cell RNA sequencing reveals order of tissue in itiation

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Molecular Plant 2021年第8期14卷 1362-1378页

作者： Laura Serrano-Ron Pablo Perez-Garcia Alvaro Sanchez-Corrionero Inmaculada Gude Javier Cabrera Pui-Leng Ip Kenneth D.Birnbaum Miguel A.Moreno-Risueno Centro de Biotecnologia y Genomica de Plantas Universidad Politecnica de Madrid(UPM)-lnstituto Naci on al de Investigacion y Tec no logia Agraria y Alimentaria(INIA)Pozuelo de Alarcon28223 MadridSpain Departamento de Biotecnologia-Biologia Vegetal Escuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenieria AgronomicaAlimentaria y de BiosistemasUniversidad Politecnica de Madrid(UPM)28040 MadridSpain Center for Genomics and Systems Biology Department of BiologyNew York UniversityNew YorkNYUSA

Postembryonic organogenesis is critical for plant ***,lateral roots(LRs)form the bulk of mature root systems,yet the ontogeny of the LR primordium(LRP)is not *** this study,we performed the single-cell RNA sequencing through the first four stages of LR formation in *** analysis led to a model in which a single group of precursor cells,with a cell identity different from their pericycle origins,rapidly reprograms and splits into a mixed ground tissue/stem cell niche fate and a vascular precursor *** ground tissue and stem cell niche fates soon separate and a subset of more specialized vascular cells form sucrose transporting phloem cells that appear to connect to the primary *** did not detect cells resembling epidermis or root cap,suggesting that outer tissues may form later,preceding LR *** this stage,some remaining initial precursor cells form the primordium flanks,while the rest create a reservoir of pluripotent cells that are able to replace the LR if *** ablation of the central and lateral LRP regions showed that remaining cells restart the sequence of tissue initiation to form a ***,our study reveals an ontological hierarchy for LR formation with an early and sequential split of main root tissues and stem cells.

关键词： organogenesis patterning stem cells single-cell RNA-seq cell fate regeneration

Small size does not restrain frugivory and seed dispersal across the evolutionary radiation of Galapagos lava lizards

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Current Zoology 2019年第4期65卷 353-361页

作者： Sandra HERVIAS-PAREJO Ruben HELENO Beatriz RUMEU Beatriz GUZMAN Pablo VARGAS Jens M. OLESEN Anna TRAVESET Carlos VERA Edgar BENAVIDES Manuel NOGALES Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avanqats (CSIC-UIB) Global Change Research Group Mallorca Balearic Islands Spain Centre for Functional Ecology Department of Life Sciences University of Coimbra Portugal Real Jardin Botanico (CSIC-RJB) Madrid Spain Department of Bioscience Aarhus University Denmark Galapagos National Park Puerto Ayora Santa Cruz Galapagos Ecuador Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Yale University USA lnstituto de Productos Naturales Agrobiologia (CSIC-IPNA) Island Ecology and Evolution Research Group Canary Islands Spain

Frugivory in lizards is often assumed to be constrained by body size;only large individuals are considered capable of consuming fruits, with the potential of acting as seed dispersers. However, only one previous study has tested the correlation of frugivory with body and head size at an archipelago scale across closely related species. All nine lava lizards (Microlophus spp.) were studied on the eleven largest Galapagos islands from 2010 to 2016 to investigate whether frugivory is related to body and head size. We also tested whether fruit abunda nee in flue nces fruit con sumption and explored the effect of seed ingestion on seedling emergence time and percentage. Our results showed that across islands, lava lizards varied considerably in size (64-102 mm in mean snoutvent length) and level of frugivory (1-23%, i.e., percentage of droppings with seeds). However, level of frugivory was only weakly affected by size as fruit consumption was also common among small lizards. Lava lizards consumed fruits throughout the year and factors other than fruit abundance may be more importa nt drivers of fruit selecti on (e.g., fruit size, energy con tent of pulp). From 2,530 droppings, 1,714 seeds of at least 61 plant species were identified, 76% of the species being native to the Galapagos. Most seeds (91%) showed no external structural damage. Seedling emergence time (44 versus 118 days) and percentage (20% versus 12%) were enhanced for lizardingested seeds compared to control (uningested) fruits. De-pulping by lizards (i.e., removal of pulp with potential germi nation inhibitors) might in crease the chances that at least some seeds find suitable recruitment conditi ons. We con eluded that lizards are importa nt seed dispersers throughout the year and across the whole archipelago, regardless of body size.

关键词： Microlophus oceanic islands plant-animal interactions seed disperser size seed dispersal effectiveness seedling emergence

Dynamics of tree species ecological groups in logged and unlogged tropical forests in the Venezuelan western plains

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Journal of Life Sciences 2008年第5期2卷 57-64页

作者： RAMIREZ-ANGULO Hirma TORRES-LEZAMA Armando Research Team BIODESUS lnstituto de lnvestigaciones Para el Desarrollo Forestal （1NDEFOR） Facultad de Ciencias Forestalesy Ambientales Universidad de Los Andes Via Los Chorros de Milla Mérida Venezuela

The study of tree mortality and recruitment contributes to the understanding of forest dynamics and, at the same time, supplies a baseline to evaluate the impact of human activities. The study site is a moist semi-deciduous forest located in the Caparo Forest Reserve, Venezuela. Tree data were obtained from permanent plots established in unlogged and logged stands. Successive measurements were taken during a 15 yr period. Tree species mortality and recruitment was analyzed for individuals with diameter at breast height （d）〉-- 10 cm. The species were classified according to their shade tolerance （low or intolerant, intermediate and high or tolerant） and the maximum height （hmax）（small〈15 m, medium： 15-30 m and large 〉30 m）. Palms were considered as a separate group. In the unlogged stands 307 and 274 trees ha-1 were found at the beginning and final time of the monitoring period, respectively. These trees were classified into 55 and 48 species, respectively. Among them predominate species from the shade intermediate tolerant and large size group and palms. Similarly, in the logged forest 155 and 207 trees ha^-1 were found, whereas 59 and 60 tree species were recorded. Only four species were found with 〉10 individuals had, the majority of these species belong to the functional group of shade intolerant medium size species, which may be partly explained by forest recovering after selective logging. In the unlogged stands the mean annual rate of tree mortality is 2.61% and the highest values corresponded to shade intermediate tolerant and intolerant small size species. Tree density was not significantly correlated to tree mortality in both forest conditions （logged and unlogged）. The recruitment rate in the unlogged forest was 1.33%, with the lowest values obtained for the same groups with highest mortality; whereas in the logged stands reached 2.58%, with the highest value for the shade tolerant small size species, followed by shade intermediate tolerant large size spe

关键词： ecosystem disturbance recruitment selectivelogging tree mortality tropical forest

Raman-IR vibrational and XRD characterization of ancient and modern mineralogy from volcanic eruption in Tenerife Island： Implication for Mars

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Geoscience Frontiers 2016年第4期7卷 673-681页

作者： E.A.Lalla G.Lopez-Reyes A.Sansano A.Sanz-Arranz j.Martinez-Frias J.Medina F.Rull-Perez department of physics faculty of science university of la laguna san cristobal de la laguna santa cruz de tenerifeCP 38206 spain Unidad Asociada al Centro de Astrobiologfa CSIC-INTA Associated to the NASA Astrobiology Center-Instituto Nacional de Tecnica Aeroespacial Torrejon de ArdozCP 28850MadridSpain Department of Earth Dynamics and Observation lnstituto de Ceociencias IGEO-(CSIC-UCM)Facultad de Ciencias Geologicas.Ciudad UniversitariaCP 28040MadridSpain

A detailed vibrational Raman-lR spectroscopic and diffractional analyses have been performed on basalts from two locations from Tenerife Island：（1） the Arenas Negras volcano which belongs to the historical eruption not showing visible alteration and （2） Pillow Lavas zone from Anaga Massif which shows a clearly fluid-rock interaction caused by submarine alteration. These places have been extensively studied due to its similarity with the surface of Mars. The analysis is based on the mineral detection of selected samples by a Micro-Raman study of the materials. The complementary techniques have confirmed the mineralogy detected by the Raman measurement. The results show a volcanic environment behavior with primary phases like olivine, pyroxene, and feldsparJplagioclase. Moreover, the presence of accessory minerals or secondary mineralization like phosphate, iron oxides, zeolite or carbonates shows the alteration processes on each outcrop. The variation in the crystallinity and amorphous phases is related to fluid-rock interaction caused by hydrothermal episodes and external weathering processes, which shows several analogies with the ancient volcanic activity from Mars.

关键词： Mars Volcanoes Terrestrial analog Raman spectroscopy Tenerife Island Mineralogy

A Shell Model Mass Formula for Exotic Light Nuclei

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Journal of Physical Science and Application 2012年第8期2卷 306-314页

作者： Mariano Bauer Hugo Garcfa Tecocoatzi Cristian Mojica lnstituto de Fisica Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexieo Mexico D.F. O1000 Mexico Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico Mexico D.F. 01000 Mexico

An analytic phenomenological shell model mass formula for light nuclei is constructed. The formula takes into account the non locality of the self consistent single particle potential and the special features of light nuclei, namely：（a） charge and mass distributions are closer to a Gaussian shape than to the shape characteristic in medium and heavy nuclei; （b） the central charge and mass densities are larger than, and decrease towards, the ＂asymptotic＂ values that are the reference parameters for nuclear matter; and （c） after a shell closure, the next level has a larger orbital angular momentum and a noticeably larger mean square radius. Only then a good numerical fit is obtained with parameters consistent with optical model analysis and empirical spin-orbit couplings. A correlation between the ＂skin effect＂ and the symmetry dependence of the optical potential is established. Towards the neutron drip line the potential well depth, the spin-orbit splitting of the single particle levels and the gap between major shells decrease, as has been observed. The ensuing shift and contraction of the single particle level scheme may lead to：（a） to strong configuration mixing and new magic numbers, and （b） the onset of the halo effect, to avoid the expulsion of single particle levels to the continuum.

关键词： Light nuclei features shell model mass formula skin effect halo effect.

Characterization of Topsoil Samples and Analysis of the Distribution of Heavy Metals in Parral Chihuahua, Mexico

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering 2010年第12期4卷 12-17页

作者： L. Rodriguez Vazquez H. Ferman Avila E. Torres Carrillo L. Shenz Macias J. Luna Carrete E. Herrera G.GonzSlez D. Aranda Caro J. Carrillo L. Lozoya lnstituto Tecnologico de Parral Avenida Tecnologico # 57 33860 Parral Chihuahua Mexico Centro de Investigacion en Materiales Avanzados （CIMAV） Miguel de Cervantes # 120 31109 Complejo Industrial Chihuahua Chihuahua. Chihuahua Mexico

During the 17th Century, Parral City in the Chihuahua State in Mexico was one of the most important miner zones in the whole world. After more than three centuries important amounts of residuals, known as tailings, with high contents of heavy metals were generated. These residuals are a potential risk for the environment and human health. Given to that, it decided to carry out the analysis of the concentrations of cadmium, lead, chromium, zinc and arsenics, in topsoil samples susceptible of airborne transport and accumulation in risky zones （populated areas）. A 120 kin： area was selected, this include Parral City and its surroundings. From this area 30 samples were obtained. For this purpose, Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy technique was used, expecting high concentrations of heavy metals, above the permit limits, since several studies carried out in the same region, as in San Francisco del Oro Chihuahua, show that the concentrations of all the elements sampled, in topsoil, were above the limits. The analysis in the space distribution of the heavy metal detected will allow us to set the points with the highest susceptibility to the accumulation of those pollutants and to propose mitigation measures and control.

关键词： Heavy metals mining activity topsoil

Social Responsibility and Environmental Sustainability： The Case of Caixa Geral de Dep6sitos （Portugal） and Vale （Brazil）

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Chinese Business Review 2011年第5期10卷 352-375页

作者： Jose Antonio Candeias Bonito Filipe Manuel Francisco Pacheco Coelho Manuel Alberto M. Ferreira Ivo Cunha Figueredo Instituto Universitario de Lisboa （ISCTE-IUL） UNIDE-IUL Lisboa Portugal lnstituto Superior de Economia e Gestao （ISEG-UTL） SOCIUS. Lisboa Portugal Instituto Universitairio de Lisboa （ISCTE-IUL） Lisboa Portugal

Social responsibility requires a set of duties and obligations, whether individuals or firms in relation to society and to the communities in which the organization is operating. The tradition of social intervention in Portugal dates from the fifteenth century and the founding of Mercy. However, environmental issues have never been felt in a sensitive position in responsible business, given the weakness of industrial development which lasted until the 60＇s. In Brazil, the corporate social responsibility is still particularly a big challenge, since the actions of social responsibility have not contributed effectively to improve the living conditions of society and the transformation of existing social reality. The purpose of this study is to emphasize the perspective of environmental sustainability that underpins the more general concept of social responsibility and, through the case study Caixa Geral de Dep6sitos, assess the strengths and weaknesses of the development of measures of social responsibility in this area in Portugal, and present the case of the company Vale, carrying out business in Brazil

关键词： social responsibility sustainable development environmental sustainability Caixa Geral deDepositos Vale