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Trophic niche and adaptation in highland lizards:sex has greater influences than species matching

Integrative Zoology 2024年第3期19卷 564-576页

作者： Shengnan YANG Jiapeng QU Ke TANG Xinquan ZHAO Huakun ZHOU Junhua HU Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of SciencesChengduChina Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Restoration Ecology for Cold Region Northwest lnstitute of Plateau BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesXiningChina University of Chinese Academy of sciences BeijingChina Qinghai University XiningChina

The plateau environments are typically arid,cool,and high altitude,posing formidable challenges to wildlife survival due to resource scarcity and harsh *** ecological adaptability in severe conditions requires a deeper understanding of the niche characteristics of plateau *** niche,which is a comprehensive indicator describing the energy acquisition strategy of animals,remains relatively understudied in plateau ***,by combining stable isotopes and morphological data,we quantified the trophic niches of two allopatric lizard species(Phrynocephalus vlangalii and ***)that live in the hinterland of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau,and explored how their trophic niches correlate with morphological and environmental *** both trophic niche and morphological traits were similar between species,noteworthy distinctions were observed between male and female Phrynocephalus *** morphological traits associated with predation(*** length and head size)and reproduction(*** length),annual mean temperature,and sex played influential roles in shifting trophic *** results imply that sexual dimorphism may facilitate inter-sex divergence in resource utilization,leading to trophic niche variations in the highland ***,extreme environmental stress can constrain interspecific divergence in morphological and trophic *** findings illustrate the dynamic variations of trophic niches in highland lizards,contributing to a more comprehensive understanding of the adaptation strategies employed by lizard species in plateau environments.

关键词： environmental adaptation Phrynocephalus Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau sexual dimorphism stable isotope

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Role of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide in peripheral nerve regeneration:a cellular and molecular perspective

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第7期19卷 1429-1430页

作者： Grazia Maugeri Velia D’Agata Section of Anatomy Histology and Movement SciencesDepartment of Biomedical and Biotechnological SciencesUniversity of CataniaCataniaItaly

Neuro regeneration is a very complex phenomenon characterized by the generation of new neurons and synapses,involving connections between adjacent cells and axonal *** supplies additional longterm resources to replace... 详细信息

关键词： replace functional regeneration

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Single-cell RNA sequencing facilitates the elucidation of the complete biosynthesis of the antidepressant hyperforin in St. John's wort

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Molecular Plant 2024年第9期17卷 1439-1457页

作者： Song Wu Ana Luisa Malaco Morotti Jun Yang Ertao Wang Evangelos C.Tatsis National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics CASs Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesShanghai lnstitute of Plant Physiology and EcologyChineseAcademy of SciencesShanghai 200032China University of Chinese Academy of sciences Shanghai 200032China UEPAMS-CAS-JICs Centre of Excellencefor Plant anamlcroblalSclence Snangnal 200032Cnina

Hyperforin is the compound responsible for the effectiveness of ***'s wort(Hypericum perforatum)as an antidepressant,but its complete biosynthetic pathway remains *** discovery based on co-expression analysis of bulk RNA-sequencing data or genome mining failed to discover the missing steps in hyperforin *** this study,we sequenced the 1.54-Gb tetraploid *** genome assem-bled into 32 chromosomes with the scaffold N50 value of 42.44 *** single-cell RNA sequencing,we iden-tified a type of cell,“Hyper cells”,wherein hyperforin biosynthesis de novo takes place in both the leaves and *** pathway reconstitution in yeast and tobacco,we identified and characterized four transmembrane prenyltransferases(HpPT1-4)that are localized at the plastid envelope and complete the hyperforin biosynthetic *** hyperforin polycyclic scaffold is created by a reaction cascade involving an irregular isoprenoid coupling and a tandem *** findings reveal how and where hy-perforin is biosynthesized,enabling synthetic-biology reconstitution of the complete ***,this study not only deepens our comprehension of specialized metabolism at the cellularlevel but also provides strategic guidance for elucidation of the biosynthetic pathways of other specializied metabolites in plants.

关键词： hyperforin Hypericum perforatum de novo genome sequencing single-cell RNA sequencing biosyn-thetic pathway meroterpenoids

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Lower limb suspension induces threshold-specific alterations of motor units properties that are reversed by active recovery

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第2期13卷 264-276页

作者： Giacomo Valli Fabio Sarto Andrea Casolo Alessandro Del Vecchio Martino V.Franchi Marco V.Narici Giuseppe De Vito Department of biomedical sciences University of PadovaPadova 35131Italy Department Artificial Intelligence in biomedical Engineering Friedrich-Alexander UniversityErlangen-Nurnberg 91052Germany

Purpose:This study aimed to non-invasively test the hypothesis that(a) short-term lower limb unloading would induce changes in the neural control of force production(based on motor units(MUs) properties) in the vastus lateralis muscle and(b) possible changes are reversed by active recovery(AR).Methods:Ten young males underwent 10 days of unilateral lower limb suspension(ULLS) followed by 21 days of *** ULLS,participants walked exclusively on crutches with the dominant leg suspended in a slightly flexed position(15°-20°) and with the contralateral foot raised by an elevated *** AR was based on resistance exercise(leg press and leg extension) and executed at 70% of each participant’s 1repetition maximum,3 times/*** voluntary isometric contraction(MVC) of knee extensors and MUs properties of the vastus lateralis muscle were measured at baseline,after ULLS,and after *** were identified using high-density electromyography during trapezoidal isometric contractions at 10%,25%,and 50% of the current MVC,and individual MUs were tracked across the 3 data collection ***:We identified 1428 unique MUs,and 270 of them(18.9%) were accurately *** ULLS,MVC decreased by 29.77%,MUs absolute recruitment/derecruitment thresholds were reduced at all contraction intensities(with changes between the 2 variables strongly correlated),while discharge rate was reduced at 10% and 25% but not at 50% *** MVC and MUs properties fully recovered to baseline levels after *** changes were observed in the pool of total as well as tracked ***:Our novel results demonstrate,non-invasively,that 10 days of ULLS affected neural control predominantly by altering the discharge rate of lower-threshold but not of higher-threshold MUs,suggesting a preferential impact of disuse on motoneurons with a lower depolarization ***,after 21 days of AR,the impaired MUs properties were fully restored to baseline levels,highlighting the plas

关键词： Disuse High-density EMG Muscle disuse Neural impairment Neuromuscular degeneration

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Screening for Bioactive Compounds from Mulberry Leaves Combining Bio-Affinity Ultrafiltration with α-Glucosidase and Pancreatic Lipase

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Journal of Analysis and Testing 2024年第3期8卷 315-326页

作者： Hui Zhang Guilin Chen Yongli Zhang Felix Wambua Muema Jun Ding Mingquan Guo CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture Wuhan Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of sciences Institute of biomedical Engineering Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo Cixi Institute of biomedical Engineering

With the growing prevalence of diabetes and obesity worldwide, the role of α-glucosidase and lipase inhibitors has gained increasing concentration. Mulberry, a functional medicinal and edible plant, has been reported extensively in alleviating both diabetes and obesity. However, there is still a lack of refined research on its active ingredients and mechanisms. In our study, the inhibitory activities of mulberry leaf against α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase reached 191.37 ± 14.46 and 775 ± 68.60 μg/mL, respectively. Meanwhile, it also promoted glucose consumption in the HepG2 cells model. Subsequently,four α-glucosidase ligands and four pancreatic lipase ligands were identified through bio-affinity ultrafiltration combined with liquid-chromatography-mass spectrometry(UF-HPLC–MS/MS). In vitro inhibition assays confirmed the inhibitory potential of these representative ligands. Molecular docking suggested that these possible ligands could be inserted into the active pocket of the target enzyme through multiple intermolecular forces. Our findings indicated that the polyphenols in mulberry leaves may contribute significantly to their hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic properties. Furthermore, our study provides valuable insights for the screening of active ingredients in other medicinal and edible plants, which could help in the development of new therapies for diabetes and obesity.

关键词： Bio-affinity ultrafiltration Diabetes Mulberry leaves Obesity

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Kinetics of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid sorption onto montmorillonite clays in soil and their translocation to genetically modified corn

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2024年第1期135卷 669-680页

作者： Meichen Wang Kelly J Rivenbark Timothy D Phillips Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical SciencesTexas A&M UniversityTX 77845USA

The co-occurrence of glyphosate(GLP)and aminomethylphosphonic acid(AMPA)in contaminated water,soil,sediment and plants is a cause for concern due to potential threats to the ecosystem and human health.A major route of exposure is through contact with contaminated soil and consumption of crops containing GLP and AMPA ***,clay-based sorption strategies for mixtures of GLP and AMPA in soil,plants and garden produce have been very *** this study,in vitro soil and in vivo genetically modified corn models were used to establish the proof of concept that the inclusion of clay sorbents in contaminated soils will reduce the bioavailability of GLP and AMPA in soils and their adverse effects on plant *** of chemical concentration(1–10 mg/kg),sorbent dose(0.5%-3%in soil and 0.5%-1%in plants)and duration(up to 28 days)on sorption kinetics were *** time course results showed a continuous GLP degradation to *** inclusion of calcium montmorillonite(CM)and acid processed montmorillonite(APM)clays at all doses significantly and consistently reduced the bioavailability of both chemicals from soils to plant roots and leaves in a dose-and time-dependent manner without detectable *** treated with 0.5%and 1%APM inclusion showed the highest growth rate(p≤0.05)and lowest chemical bioavailability with up to 76%reduction in roots and57%reduction in *** indicated that montmorillonite clays could be added as soil supplements to reduce hazardous mixtures of GLP and AMPA in soils and plants.

关键词： Glyphosate AMPA Adsorption Soil remediation Plant Hydroponic system

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Cannabinoids and endocannabinoids as therapeutics for nervous system disorders:preclinical models and clinical studies

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第4期19卷 788-799页

作者： R.Scott Duncan Sean M.Riordan Matthew C.Gernon Peter Koulen Department of Ophthalmology School of MedicineUniversity of Missouri Department of biomedical sciences School of MedicineUniversity of Missouri

Cannabinoids are lipophilic substances derived from Cannabis sativa that can exert a variety of effects in the human *** have been studied in cellular and animal models as well as in human clinical trials for their therapeutic benefits in several human *** of these include central nervous system(CNS)diseases and dysfunctions such as forms of epilepsy,multiple sclerosis,Parkinson’s disease,pain and neuropsychiatric *** addition,the endogenously produced cannabinoid lipids,endocannabinoids,are critical for normal CNS function,and if controlled or modified,may represent an additional therapeutic avenue for CNS *** review discusses in vitro cellular,ex vivo tissue and in vivo animal model studies on cannabinoids and their utility as therapeutics in multiple CNS *** addition,the review provides an overview on the use of cannabinoids in human clinical trials for a variety of CNS *** and endocannabinoids hold promise for use as disease modifiers and therapeutic agents for the prevention or treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and neurological disorders.

关键词： anandamide cannabidiol cannabinoid endocannabinoid epilepsy multiple sclerosis neurodegeneration neuroprotection tetrahydrocannabinol

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Multi-focus non-periodic scanning method for femtosecond lasers based on DMD and galvanometer scanners[Invited]

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Chinese Optics Letters 2024年第5期22卷 89-94页

作者：李华明王雨胡庆磊张卓宇吕晓华曾绍群 Britton Chance Center for biomedical Photonics Wuhan National Laboratory for OptoelectronicsHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China MOE Key Laboratory for biomedical Photonics Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical EngineeringSchool of Engineering SciencesHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China

Multi-focus parallel scanning can effectively increase laser fabrication ***,the conventional approach of using a spatial light modulator(SLM)to generate multi-foci and scan this fixed number of foci with galvanometer scanners can only achieve a periodic scanning trajectory due to the low switching speed of the *** we demonstrate a multifocus non-periodic scanning method for femtosecond lasers by using,instead,a fast-switching digital micromirror device(DMD)to generate a dynamic number of *** number of effective foci is quickly switched by introducing aberration to the undesired *** this way,the intensity allocated to each focus will not be affected by the number of foci,and a uniformity of 98%with different numbers of foci is achieved without adjusting the total laser ***,we validate the effectiveness of this scanning method by demonstrating corneal flap fabrication of porcine cornea in vitro.

关键词： multi-focus non-periodic trajectory digital micromirror device aberration control corneal cutting

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Tumor microenvironment-activatable neuropeptide-drug conjugates enhanced tumor penetration and inhibition via multiple delivery pathways and calcium deposition

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第4期35卷 292-297页

作者： Yi Cao Xiaojiao Ge Yuanyuan Wei Lulu He Aiguo Wu Juan Li Ningbo Key Laboratory of biomedical Imaging Probe Materials and Technology Zhejiang International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and ApplicationChinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and DevicesNingbo Cixi Institute of Biomedical EngineeringZhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical MaterialsNingbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesNingbo 315201China University of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049China Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory Huizhou 516000China

Peptide-drug conjugates have achieved considerable development and application as a novel strategy for targeted delivery of anticancer drugs. Bioactive peptides induced calcium deposition can irreversibly assist inhibition of tumors. However, active regulation of calcium level through signal transduction of bioactive substances has not been reported yet. In this study, novel neuropeptide-doxorubicin conjugates(NP-DOX) with lysosome-specific acid response were described for neuropeptide Y_1 receptor(Y_1R)-overexpressed triple-negative breast cancer. The delivery mechanism of NP-DOX was clarified that diverse pathways were involved, including intracellular and intercellular transport. Importantly, up-regulation of Y_1 R-mediated intracellular calcium level via second messenger inositol triphosphate was presented in NP-DOX treated MDA-MB-231 cells. In vivo antitumor efficacy demonstrated that NP-DOX showed less organ toxicity and enhanced tumor inhibition benefited from its controlled release and Y_1R-mediated calcium deposition, compared with free DOX. This bioconjugate is a proof-of-concept confirming that neuropeptide-mediated control of signaling responses in neuropeptide-drug conjugates enables great potential for further applications in tumor chemotherapy.

关键词： Neuropeptide-drug conjugate Tumor penetration Calcium deposition Tumor inhibition Triple-negative breast cancer

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Influence of aging,mitochondrial dysfunction,and inflammation on Parkinson's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第6期19卷 1197-1198页

作者： Davide Cossu Nobutaka Hattori Department of Neurology Juntendo UniversityTokyoJapan Department of biomedical sciences Sassari UniversitySassariItaly

Aging is associated with chronic form of inflammation called inflammaging,which results from immune system *** plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative diseases(Dabravolski et al.,2022).Mo... 详细信息

关键词： inflammation aging

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