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Irrigation and nitrogen fertiliser optimisation in protected vegetable fields of northern China:Achieving environmental and agronomic sustainability

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第3期23卷 1022-1033页

作者： Bingqian Fan Yitao Zhang Owen Fenton Karen Daly Jungai Li Hongyuan Wang Limei Zhai Xiaosheng Luo Qiuliang Lei Shuxia Wu Hongbin Liu State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China/Key Laboratory of Nonpoint Source Pollution control Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/lnstitute of Agricultural Resources and Regional PlanningChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Teagasc Environmental Research CentreWexford Y35Ireland Institute of Plant Nutrition Resources and Environmental SciencesHenan Academy of Agricultural SciencesZhengzhou 450002China

Globally,sub-optimal use of nitrogen (N) fertiliser and elevated N irrigation groundwater have led to high leached nitrate (NO_(3)^(–)) losses from protected vegetable field *** fertiliser and irrigation management in different soil types is crucial to reduce future N loads from such *** present 4-year study examined leached N loads from lysimeter monitoring arrays set up across 18 protected vegetable system sites encompassing the dominant soil types of northern *** treatments applied at each field site were:1) a high N and high irrigation input treatment (HNHI);2) a low N but high irrigation input treatment (LNHI) and 3) a low N with low irrigation input treatment (LNLI).Results showed that the mean annual leached total nitrogen loads from the HNHI,LNHI and LNLI treatments were 325,294 and 257 kg N ha^(–1) in the fluvo-aquic soil,114,100 and 78 kg N ha^(–1) in the cinnamon soil and 79,68 and 57 kg N ha^(–1) in the black soil,*** N dissolved in irrigation water in the fluvo-aquic soil areas was 8.26-fold higher than in the cinnamon areas.A structural equation model showed that N fertiliser inputs and leaching water amounts explained 14.7 and 81.8%of the variation of leached N loads,***,reducing irrigation water by 21.5%decreased leached N loads by 20.9%,while reducing manure N and chemical N inputs by 22 and 25%decreased leached N loads by only 9.5%. This study highlights that protected vegetable fields dominated by fluvo-aquic soil need management to curtail leached N losses in northern China.

关键词： agriculture water quality nitrate groundwater irrigation management

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Distribution and degradation kinetics of cyhalodiamide in Chinese rice field environment

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2018年第10期26卷 2185-2191页

作者： Yiping Liu Ya Zhang Shuangqing Liu Yuntao Lü Ronghua Lin Min Li Xiaolan Liao Xiaogang Li College of Plant Protection Hunan Agricultural University Institute for the control of agrochemicals Hunan Province Institute for the control of agrochemicals Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs

Cyhalodiamide is a novel agrochemical which is effective against Lepidoptera pests,including Cnaphalocrocis medinalis,Chilo suppressalis,Pieris rapae,Plutella xylostella,Helicoverpa armigera,*** the study,a fast and accurate analytical method was developed to detect cyhalodiamide in Chinese typical rice field environment by a modified Qu ECh ERS(Quick,Easy,Cheap,Effective,Rugged,Safe)method with UPLC-MS/MS(ultra-high performance chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry).The mean recoveries of cyhalodiamide varied from 73.5% to 107.5%,with the RSDs from 1.2% to 10.7%.The limits of determination(LODs)were 0.0005 mg·kg^(-1),and the limits of quantitation(LOQs)were from 0.002 to 0.01 mg·kg^(-1)in all five *** method was used to determine cyhalodiamide residues for studies of the distribution and degradation kinetics in rice field *** field trials results showed that cyhalodiamide was easily degradable and the half-lives were4.2–13.6 d in rice straw,8.77 d in paddy soil and 5.37–8.45 d in paddy water,*** final residues of cyhalodiamide in brown rice were below 0.35 mg·kg^(-1).The used dosage of 33.75 g·hm^(-2)with pre-harvest interval(PHI)of 21 d and the maximum residue limit(MRL)of cyhalodiamide in rice at 0.1 mg·kg^(-1)were recommended,which would be safe to human health and *** developed analytical method will be useful to monitor cyhalodiamide residues and safety evaluation in rice environment.

关键词：环境检测稻田中国动力学分发鳞翅目害虫农业化肥 ECh

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Impact of Long-Term Atrazine Use on Groundwater Safety in Jilin Province, China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2013年第2期12卷 305-313页

作者： GENG Yue MA Jing JIA Ran XUE Li-qin TAO Chuan-jiang LI Chong-jiu MA Xiao-dong LIN Yan College of Science China Agricultural University Institute for the control of agrochemicals Ministry of Agriculture

The long-lasting application of representative herbicide atrazine （ATR） has given rise to the accumulation of its residues in the groundwater. To investigate the impact of long-term ATR use on groundwater safety, the residues of ATR and its metabolites, desethylatrazine （DEA）, deisopropylatrazine （DIA） and hydroxyatrazine （HA） were monitored in groundwater and top soil at the major corn growing region of Qian＇an and Gongzhuling in Jilin Province, China. The residues of the target compounds were analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS. The limits of detection （LODs） ofATR, DEA, DIA, and HA were 0.5, 0.5, 5, and 0.5 ng L-1 in groundwater and 0.33, 0.33, 3.3, and 0.33 μg kg-1 in soil. The target compounds were found in 94% of groundwater samples and 100% of soil samples. The compounds detected most frequently in groundwater were ATR （89%）, DEA （64%） and HA （17%）, whereas in soil were ATR （97%）, DEA （36%） and HA （97%）. DIA was not detected in any determined groundwater and soil sample. Average residues were 106.8 ng L-1 for ATR, 0.9 ng L-1 for DEA and 0.3 ng L-1 for HA in groundwater, whereas 11.1 μg kg-1 for ATR, 0.4 μg kg-1 for DEA and 7.8 μg kg-1 for HA in soil. ATR residues detected in groundwater samples were below standards for drinking water quality （GB5749-2006, 2 μg L-1）, while the total residues of ATR and its chloro-s-triazine metabolites （DEA and DIA） were below current WHO （World Health Organization） guideline value （GV, 0.1 mg L-1）. In addition, concentrations of HA in groundwater were determined below current WHO GV （0.2 mg L-1）. The results indicated that ATR is safe to be used in Jilin Province under the current application scheme. However, total residues of ATR and DEA were detected in nearly all wells, thus, it is necessary to pay attention on groundwater monitoring for ATR and its metabolites.

关键词： atrazine desethylatrazine deisopropylatrazine hydroxyatrazine groundwater soil UPLC-MS/MS

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Dissipation and residue of ethephon in maize field

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第1期14卷 106-113页

作者： DONG Jian-nan MA Yong-qiang LIU Feng-mao JIANG Nai-wen JIAN Qiu Department of Applied Chemistry College of ScienceChina Agricultural University Institute for the control of agrochemicals Ministry of Agriculture

A rapid and reliable method was developed for analysis of ethephon residues in maize, in combination with the investigation of its dissipation in field condition and stabilities during the sample storage. The residue analytical method in maize plant, maize kernel and soil was developed based on the quantification of ethylene produced from the derivatization of ethephon residue by adding the saturated potassium hydroxide solution to the sample. The determination was carried out by using the head space gas chromatography with flame ionization detector （HS-GC-FID）. The limit of quantification （LOQ） of the method for maize plant was 0.05, 0.02 mg kg-1 for maize kernel and 0.05 mg kg-1 for soil, respectively. The fortified recoveries of the method were from 84.6-102.6%, with relative standard deviations of 7.9-3.8%. Using the methods, the dissipation of ephethon in maize plant or soil was investigated. The half life of ethephon degradation was from 0.6 to 3.3 d for plant and 0.7 to 5.7 d for soil, respectively. The storage stabilities of ethephon residues were determined in fresh and dry kernels with homogenization and without homogenization process. And the result showed that ethephon residues in maize kernels were stable under-18℃ for 6 mon. The results were helpful to monitor the residue dissipation of ethephon in the maize ecosystem for further ecological risk assessment.

关键词： ethephon residue maize degradation storage stability

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Dynamic steric confinement effect expands the frontier of Cu-catalyzed asymmetric propargylic aminations

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Science China Chemistry 2024年

作者： Peng Chen Mao-Mao Zhang Wen-Jing Xiao Liang-Qiu Lu Engineering Research Center of Photoenergy Utilization for Pollution control and Carbon Reduction Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Central China Normal University Wuhan Institute of Photochemistry and Technology State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP) Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Normal University

Chiral α-tertiary amines and related azacycles are commonly found in many natural products, pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals [1]. Copper-catalyzed asymmetric propargylic amination(APA) reactions have been established as a reliable method to access enantio-enriched propargylic amines,largely due to the seminal contribution of Nishibayashi et al.[2] and van Maarseveen et al. [3] in 2008.

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Dissipation and Adsorption Behavior of the Insecticide Ethiprole on Various Cultivated Soils in China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第11期13卷 2471-2478页

作者： LIU Xin-gang DONG Feng-shou XU Jun YUAN Shan-kui ZHENG Yong-quan Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute for the control of agrochemicals Ministry of Agriculture

In this study, the hydrolysis of the insecticide ethiprole in buffered solutions at pH 4.0, 7.0 and 9.0, respectively, and the degradation and adsorption-desorption behaviors of ethiprole in ifve agricultural soil samples from China were investigated. The half-lives under anaerobic conditions were faster than that in the aerobic experiment. Ethiprole was relatively stable under both acidic and neutral conditions while it was readily hydrolyzed under alkaling condition. The sorption of ethiprole on ifve soils was well described by the linear and Freundlich equation and mainly governed by soil organic matter. The exothermic process of ethiprole adsorption can also be well explained by physical adsorption. A weak adsorption capacity was observed in all soils, which could readily lead to leaching problems.

关键词： ethiprole adsorption desorption hydrolysis soil dissipatio

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Index Calculation and Analysis of China's Pesticide Import and Export During 2011-2020

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Rice science 2021年第5期28卷 417-421,I0002,I0003页

作者： Shangguan Shuangyue Fang Xiangming Chen Yu He Zixuan Zhou Ruyin Qu Mengmeng Cao Bingwei Wu Lihui Huang Xinhe Wu Houbin Academy of Global Food Economics and Policy China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China School of Public Health Georgia State UniversityAtlanta 30303United States of America lnstitute for the control of agrochemicals Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsBeijing 100125China Shennong Technology Group Co. Ltd.Shanxi 030813China

Using the trade data from the General Administration of Customs of China between January 2011 and December 2020,we estimated the index for China's pesticide import and export,including annual import and export pesticide price index,quantity index and value *** also calculated the terms of trade(TOT)of pesticide in total and by trade ***,China's import and export value indices of pesticide showed N-shape trends during 2011-2020,and the trend of the export value index was mainly affected by the changes in the export price index.

关键词： price Export Pesticide

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Study on Mutations in ALS for Resistance to Tribenuron-Methyl in Galium aparine L.

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2011年第1期10卷 86-91页

作者： SUN Jian WANG Jin-xin ZHANG Hong-jun LIU Jun-liang BIAN Sheng-nan College of Plant Protection Shandong Agricultural University Tai＇an 271018 PR.China Institute for the control of agrochemicals Ministry of Agriculture Beijing 100125 P.R.China

In recent years, Galium aparine L. has not been controlled by tribenuron-methyl in major Chinese winter wheat fields. The objective of this study is to understand the molecular basis of the resistance mechanism to tribenuron-methyl in G. aparine and to find the specific mutation sites in amino acid sequence of acetolactate synthase （ALS） in the resistant biotype of G. aparine. Fragments that encode the ALS were amplified and cloned from susceptible （S） and resistant （R） biotypes of G. aparine to tribenuron-methyl and sequenced subsequently. The result showed that the nucleotide sequence of Rbiotype of G. aparine differed from that of the S biotype with three amino acid substitutions, of which, the amino acid substitution of Trp57-4 （TGG） to Gly （GGG） is located in the highly conserved region Domain B. The substitution of Trp574 might be responsible for the resistance to tribenuron-methyl in the R-biotype of G. aparine.

关键词： resistance Galium aparine L. acetolactate synthase gene mutation

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Fourth order accurate compact scheme with group velocity control (GVC)

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Science China Mathematics 2001年第9期44卷 1197-1204页

作者：马延文傅德薰 Lab of High Temperature Gasdynamics lnstitute of Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Lab of Nonlinear Mechanics lnstitute of Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

For solving complex flow field with multi-scale structure higher order accurate schemes are preferred. Among high order schemes the compact schemes have higher resolving efficiency. When the compact and upwind compact schemes are used to solve aerodynamic problems there are numerical oscillations near the shocks. The reason of oscillation production is because of non-uniform group velocity of wave packets in numerical solutions. For improvement of resolution of the shock a parameter function is introduced in compact scheme to control the group velocity. The newly developed method is simple. It has higher accuracy and less stencil of grid points.

关键词：紧缩的计划吃惊的高分辨率组织速度控制

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Occurrence of Glyphosate-Resistant Horseweed (Conyza canadensis) Population in China

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2011年第7期10卷 1049-1055页

作者： SONG Xiao-ling WU Jia-jun ZHANG Hong-jun QIANG Sheng Weed Research Laboratory Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 P.R.China Institute for the control of agrochemicals Ministry of Agriculture （CAMA） Beijing 100026 P.R.China

Horseweed （Conyza canadensis）, an invasive alien weed, is one of the main weeds in orchards in China. Although glyphosate has been used for control of horseweed and many other weeds in orchards for more than 25 years in China, a case of glyphosate-resistant horseweed has not been identified in orchard in China so far despite glyphosate-resistant horseweed cases have been reported in some other countries. Seeds of 25 horseweed populations were collected from different orchards with different glyphosate application history. Potted seedlings with 11-13-leaf growth stage were treated with glyphosate at 0.035, 0.07, 0.14, 0.28, 0.56, 1.12, 2.24, 4.48, and 8.96 kg a.i. ha-1. The dosage dependence response curve of each population was constructed with Log-logistic dose response regression equations. The ED50 value of each population was calculated and compared with the susceptible population from China. Different populations had different relative glyphosate-resistant levels which increased with the number of years of glyphosate application. Two populations with the highest resistance levels, 8.28 and 7.95 times, were found in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China, where glyphosate was used for weed control in orchards twice each year for 15 yr. The two resistant populations accumulated approximately two to four times less shikimic acid than the two susceptible populations 48 h after glyphosate application.

关键词： horseweed [Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq.] glyphosate resistance shikimic acid

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