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Inter-signal interaction and uncertain information in anuran multimodal signals

Current Zoology 2011年第2期57卷 153-161页

作者： Ryan C. TAYLOR Barrett A. KLEIN Michael J. RYAN Department of Biological Sciences Salisbury University Salisbury MD 21801 USA section of integrative Biology University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute P.O. Box 0843-03092 Balboa Ancon Republic of Panama

Disentangling the influence of multiple signal components on receivers and elucidating general processes influencing complex signal evolution are difficult tasks. In this study we test mate preferences of female squirrel treefrogs Hyla squirella and female tungara frogs Physalaemus pustulosus for similar combinations of acoustic and visual components of their multimodal courtship signals. In a two-choice playback experiment with squirrel treefrogs, the visual stimulus of a male model significantly increased the attractivness of a relatively unattractive slow call rate. A previous study demonstrated that faster call rates are more attractive to female squirrel treefrogs, and all else being equal, models of male frogs with large body stripes are more attractive. In a similar experiment with female tungara frogs, the visual stimulus of a robotic frog failed to increase the attractiveness of a relatively unattractive call. Females also showed no preference for the distinct stripe on the robot that males commonly bear on their throat. Thus, features of conspicuous signal components such as body stripes are not universally important and signal function is likely to differ even among species with similar ecologies and communication systems. Finally, we discuss the putative information content of anuran signals and suggest that the categorization of redundant versus multiple messages may not be sufficient as a general explanation for the evolution of multimodal signaling. Instead of relying on untested assumptions concerning the information content of signals, we discuss the value of initially collecting comparative empirical data sets related to receiver responses.

关键词： Inter-signal interaction Multimodal signaling Signal detection Signal weighting Squirrel treefrog Hyla squirella Tfingara frog Physalaemus pustulosus Vocal sac

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Natural Variation in Tomato Reveals Differences in the Recognition of AvrPto and AvrPtoB Effectors from Pseudomonas syringae

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Molecular Plant 2016年第5期9卷 639-649页

作者： Christine M. Kraus Kathy R. Munkvold Gregory B. Martin Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research Ithaca NY 14853 USA Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology section School of Integrative Plant Science Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 USA Beckman Coulter Indianapolis IN 46268 USA

The Pto protein kinase from Solanum pimpinellifolium interacts with Pseudomonas syringae effectors AvrPto or AvrPtoB to activate effector-triggered immunity. The previously solved crystal structures of the AvrPto-Pto and AvrPtoB-Pto complexes revealed that Pro binds each effector through both a shared and a unique interface. Hera we use natural variation in wild species of tomato to further investigate Pto recognition of these two effectors. One species, Solanum chmielewskU, was found to have many accessions that recognize only AvrPtoB. The Pto ortholog from one of these accessions was responsible for recognition of AvrPtoB and it differed from Solanum pimpinellifolium Pto by only 14 amino acids, including two in the AvrPto-specific interface, glutamate-49/glycine-51. Converting these two residues to those in Pro （histidine-49/valine-51） did not restore recognition of AvrPto. Subsequent experiments revealed that a single substitution of a histidine-to-aspartate at position 193 in Pto, which is not near the AvrPto- specific interface, was sufficient for conferring recognRion of AvrPto in plant cells. The reciprocal substi- tution of aspartate-to-histidine-193 in Pto abolished AvrPto recognition, confirming the importance of this residue. Our results reveal new aspects about effector recognition by Pto and demonstrate the value of using natural variation to understand the interaction between resistance proteins and pathogen effectors.

关键词： Effector-triggered immunity natural variation plant immunity Pseudomonas syringae Pto tomato

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Clues from a missense mutation of the adenosine A1 receptor gene associated with early-onset Parkinson’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第10期18卷 2204-2205页

作者： Sergi Ferré Leonardo Pardo Francisco Ciruela integrative neurobiology section National Institute on Drug AbuseIntramural Research ProgramNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMDUSA Laboratory of Computational Medicine Biostatistics UnitFaculty of MedicineUniversitat Autònoma BarcelonaBellaterraBarcelonaSpain Pharmacology Unit Department of Pathology and Experimental TherapeuticsSchool of Medicine and Health SciencesInstitute of NeurosciencesUniversity of Barcelona.Neuropharmacology&Pain GroupNeuroscience ProgramBellvitge Institute for Biomedical ResearchL’Hospitalet de LlobregatSpain

Parkinson’s disease (P D) is a com plex neu rodegenerative disorder for which ra re and common genetic variants contribute to disease risk,onset,and *** genetic contribution to PD can be classified mainly in,first,rare DNA variants that are highly penetrant and therefore causal,which are typically associated with monogenic PD;and second,more common risk polymorphic variants,which individually exert a small increase in the risk of the disease,which are usually identified in the most prevalent and apparently sporadic PD (Blauwendraat et al.,2020).

关键词： typically degenerative

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Pharmacologically inhibiting GluR2 internalization alleviates neuropathic pain

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2015年第5期31卷 611-616页

作者： Tao-Yan Liu Yong Cheng Xiao-Yan Qin Long-Chuan Yu Beijing Engineering Research Center of Food Environment and Health Minzu University of China College of Life and Environmental Sciences Minzu University of China Laboratory of neurobiology and State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology College of Life Sciences Peking University Cellular neurobiology section Program on Developmental Neuroscience Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development National Institutes of Health

Neuropathic pain is of serious clinical concern and only about half of patients achieve partial relief with currently-available treatments,so it is critical to find new drugs for this ***,the cellsurface trafficking of pain-related receptors has been suggested as an important mechanism underlying persistent neuropathic ***,we used the short peptide GluA_（2-3y）,which specifically inhibits the GluA2-dependent endocytosis of a-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors,and tested its anti-nociceptive effect in the periaqueductal grey（PAG） of intact rats and rats with neuropathic ***-PAG injection of 0.15,1.5,7.5,and 15 pmol of GluA_（2-3y） induced dose-dependent increases in hindpaw withdrawal latencies to noxious thermal and mechanical stimuli in intact rats,suggesting that GluA2 cell-surface trafficking in the PAG is involved in pain ***,GluA_（2-3y） had much stronger anti-nociceptive effects in rats with neuropathic pain induced by sciatic nerve ***,the intra-PAG injection of 15 pmol GluA_（2-3y） had an analgesic effect similar to 10 ug（35nmol） morphine in rats with neuropathic *** together,our results suggested that GluA2 trafficking in the PAG plays a critical role in pain modulation,and inhibiting GluA2 endocytosis with GluA_（2-3y） has potent analgesic effects in rats with neuropathic *** findings strongly support the recent hypothesis that targeting receptor trafficking could be a new strategy for the treatment of neuropathic pain.

关键词： periaqueductal grey AMPA receptor GluA2-3y internalization morphine hindpaw withdrawal latency

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Modeling neuropsychiatric disorders using human induced pluripotent stem cells

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Protein & Cell 2020年第1期11卷 45-59页

作者： Meiyan Wang Lei Zhang Fred H.Gage Laboratory of Genetics The Salk Institute for Biological Studies10010 N.Torrey Pines RdLa JollaCA 92037USA neurobiology section Division of Biological SciencesUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCA 92093USA

Neuropsychiatric disorders are complex disorders characterized by heterogeneous genetic variations,variable symptoms,and widespread changes in anatomical *** the context of neuropsychiatric disorders,limited access to relevant tissue types presents challenges for understanding disease etiology and developing effective *** pluripotent stem cells(iPSCs)reprogrammed from patient somatic cells offer an opportunity to recapitulate disease development in relevant cell types,and they provide novel approaches for understanding disease mechanisms and for development of effective *** we review recent progress and challenges in differentiation paradigms for generating disease-relevant cells and recent studies of neuropsychiatric disorders using human pluripotent stem cell(hPSC)models where cellular phenotypes linked to disease have been *** use of iPSC-based disease models holds great promise for understanding disease mechanisms and supporting discovery of effective treatments.

关键词： neuropsychiatric disorders iPSCs brain organoid schizophrenia autism spectrum disorder bipolar disorder

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All-stage targeted therapy for the brain metastasis from triple-negative breast cancer

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2023年第1期13卷 359-371页

作者： Zimiao Luo Sunyi Wu Jianfen Zhou Weixia Xu Qianzhu Xu Linwei Lu Cao Xie Yu Liu Weiyue Lu Department of Pharmaceutics School of PharmacyKey Laboratory of Smart Drug DeliveryFudan UniversityShanghai 201203China Department of integrative Medicine Huashan HospitalInstitutes of Integrative Medicine of Fudan UniversityShanghai 200041China Minhang Branch Zhongshan Hospital and Institute of Fudan-Minghang Academic Health SystemMinghang HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai 201199China State Key Laboratory of Medical neurobiology Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China

Brain metastasis is a common and serious complication of breast cancer,which is commonly associated with poor survival and *** particular,the treatment of brain metastasis from triplenegative breast cancer(BM-TNBC)has to face the distinct therapeutic challenges from tumor heterogeneity,circulating tumor cells(CTCs),blood-brain barrier(BBB)and blood-tumor barrier(BTB),which is in unmet clinical ***,combining with the advantages of synthetic and natural targeting moieties,we develop a“Y-shaped”peptide pVAP-decorated platelet-hybrid liposome drug delivery system to address the all-stage targeted drug delivery for the whole progression of *** from the activated platelet,the hybrid liposomes still retain the native affinity toward ***,the peptide-mediated targeting to breast cancer cells and transport across BBB/BTB are demonstrated in vitro and in *** resultant delivery platform significantly improves the drug accumulation both in orthotopic breast tumors and brain metastatic lesions,and eventually exhibits an outperformance in the inhibition of BM-TNBC compared with the free ***,this work provides a promising prospect for the comprehensive treatment of BMTNBC,which could be generalized to other cell types or used in imaging platforms in the future.

关键词： Breast cancer Brain metastasis from breast cancer Platelet-hybrid liposome pVAP peptide Nanocrystal Cabazitaxel Targeted drug delivery Drug delivery system

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A new feature of importance for the TNF-alpha system in inflammation—Bilateral myositis that develops early in response to unilateral overuse shows a marked involvement of TNF-alpha not only in the exercised side but also contralaterally

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Modern Research in Inflammation 2013年第4期2卷 90-99页

作者： Lina Renstrom Per Stal Sture Forsgren Department of integrative Medical Biology Anatomy SectionUmea UniversityUmeaSweden

Using a rabbit model leading to myositis in response to exercise-induced muscle overuse, we have previously observed that TNF-alpha is involved in the exercised muscle in early developing myositis as well as both ipsiand contralaterally in the myositis which develops in response to a lengthened period of overuse. It is unknown if TNF-alpha can also be engaged contralaterally in early stages of myositis. The hypothesis was that this is the case. It was therefore evaluated whether the TNF-alpha system is early involved contralaterally. An experimental model of 1 week of overuse of the soleus muscle on one side leading to myositis was used, and in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry were applied to study the expression patterns of TNF-alpha in the soleus muscle in the contralateral side. TNF-alpha was expressed in the myositis process which occurred contralaterally. There were thus TNF-alpha mRNA reactions in the cells of the inflammatory infiltrates, in blood vessel walls and in certain of the muscle fibers. Parts of the latter were necrotic fibers, whereas others were interpreted to be in a regenerative stage. TNF-alpha immunoreactions were seen for infiltrating white blood cells. The observations show that the TNF-alpha system is early involved in the cross-over effects that occur in response to unilateral muscle overuse leading to myositis bilaterally. TNF-alpha is likely to have pro-inflammatory and destructive effects but also to have effects in the muscle regenerative processes. The occurrence of an early involvement of the TNF-alpha system contralaterally to the injury side shows a new aspect of importance of this system in inflammation.

关键词： TNF-Alpha Muscle Overuse Myositis Soleus Muscle Contralateral

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Effects of electroacupuncture on the expression of p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase and ribosomal protein S6 in the hippocampus of rats with vascular dementia

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Neural Regeneration Research 2012年第3期7卷 207-211页

作者： Yanzhen Zhu Xuan Wang Xiaobao Ye Changhua Gao Wei Wang Department of integrative Medicine Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Fuzhou 350108 Fujian Province China Department of Acupuncture and Tuina Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Fuzhou 350108 Fujian Province China Center of neurobiology Fujian Medical University Fuzhou 350108 Fujian Province China

This study investigated the mechanism underlying electroacupuncture therapy for vascular dementia through electroacupuncture at the acupoints of Baihui （DU20）, Dazhui （DU14）, and bilateral Shenshu （BL23） in a rat model of vascular dementia produced by bilateral middle cerebral artery occlusion. Morris water maze test showed that electroacupuncture improved the learning ability of vascular dementia rats. Western blot assay revealed that the expression of p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase and ribosomal protein S6 in vascular dementia rats was significantly increased after electroacupuncture, compared with the model group that was not treated with acupuncture. The average escape latency was also shortened after electroacupuncture, and escape strategies in the spatial probe test improved from edge and random searches, to linear and trending swim pathways. The experimental findings indicate that electroacupuncture improves learning and memory ability by up-regulating expression of p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase and ribosomal protein S6 in the hippocampus of vascular dementia rats.

关键词： vascular dementia electroacupuncture hippocampus p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase ribosomal protein S6 search strategy neural regeneration

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Spinal inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors in bone cancer pain in rodents

Spinal inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors in bone ca...

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中国神经科学学会第十届全国学术会议

作者： Wen-Li MI Shan HU Jrng ZHAO Qian LI Ping HAN Zhi-Fu WANG Qi-Liang MAO-YING Gen-Cheng WU Yan-Qing WANG Department of integrative Medicine and neurobiology State Key Laboratory of Medical NeurobiologyInstitutes of Brain ScienceFudan University

Objective Cancer pain,especially bone cancer pain,affects the life quality of cancer patients,and current treatments for this pain are *** neuroinflammatory responses in the spinal cord following bone cancer development have been shown to play an important role in cancer-induced bone pain(CIBP).The present study was designed to investigate the role of neuroinflammatory and anti-inflammatory actors in bone cancer pain(BCIP) in rats and *** The mechanical allodynia was tested by von Frey hairs in rats or mice inoculated with Walker 256mammary gland carcinoma cells or 4T-1 cells *** approaches as well as Western Blotting and fluorescent immunohistochemistry staining were applied to assess the roles played by spinal neuroinflammation in bone cancer ***(1) *** mice inoculated with carcinoma cells showed mechanical allodynia,heat hyperalgesia and a reduction in limb *** the mRNA and the protein levels of IL-33 and relative cytokines(IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α) were significantly increased in the spinal cord after the inoculation of carcinoma *** administration of ST2 antibody to block IL-33/ST2 signaling alleviated pain behaviors in a dose-dependent manner in bone cancer pain mice compared with vehicle-injected ***2 mice showed a significant amelioration of mechanical allodynia and heat hyperalgesia compared to wild-type ***,concentrations of spinal IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α in the cancer-bearing ST2 mice had no significant *** data further suggested that IL-33/ST2 signaling played a vital role in cancer pain.(2) Anti-inflammatory ***(LXs),endogenous lipoxygenase-derived eicosanoids,represent a unique class of lipid mediators that possess a wide spectrum of anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving *** injection with the same dose(0.3 nmol) of lipoxin A4(LXA4),lipoxin B4(LXB4) or aspirin-triggered-15-epi-lipoxin A4(ATL) could alleviate the mechanical allodynia in C

关键词： cancer-induced bone pain allodynia proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-33 ST2 lipoxins,aspirin-triggered-15-epi-lipoxinA4 spinal cord

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Regulation of Leaf Longevity by DML3-Mediated DNA Demethylation

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Molecular Plant 2020年第8期13卷 1149-1161页

作者： Lu Yuan Dan Wang Liwen Cao Ningning Yu Ke Liu Yongfeng Guo Susheng Gan Liping Chen Department of Horticulture College of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Tobacco Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesQingdao 266101China Plant Biology section School of Integrative Plant ScienceCornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA

Leaf senescence is driven by the expression of senescence-associated genes(SAGs).Development-specific genes often undergo DNA demethylation in their promoter and other regions,which regulates gene *** and how DNA demethylation regulates the expression of SAGs and thus leaf senescence remain ***-genome bisulfite sequencing(WGBS)analyses of wild-type(WT)and demeter-like 3(dml3)Arabidopsis leaves at three developmental stages revealed hypermethylation during leaf senescence in dml3 compared with WT,and 20556 differentially methylated regions(DMRs)were identified by comparing the methylomes of dml3 and WT in the CG,CHG,and CHH ***,we identified that 335 DMR-associated genes(DMGs),such as NAC016 and SEN1,are upregulated during leaf senescence,and found an inverse correlation between the DNA methylation levels(especially in the promoter regions)and the transcript abundances of the related SAGs in *** contrast,in dml3 the promoters of SAGs were hypermethylated and their transcript levels were remarkably reduced,and leaf senescence was significantly ***,our study unraveled a novel epigenetic regulatory mechanism underlying leaf senescence in which DML3 is expressed at the onset of and during senescence to demethylate promoter,gene body or 3'UTR regions to activate a set of SAGs.

关键词： leaf senescence DNA methylation DNA demethylase epigenetics whole-genome bisulfite sequencing Arabidopsis thaliana

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