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Kaoline-based catalyst for a high stability desulfurization of sour heavy naphtha in a three-phase oscillatory baffled reactor

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Particuology 2024年第1期84卷 249-260页

作者： Hassan M.Hmood Saba A.Gheni Safaa M.R.Ahmed Mudheher M.Ali Hamid Yonis Saleh Mohammed H.Mohammed Awad E.Mohammed Marwan A.Mahomood Hiba R.Mohammed Ahmed A.Hassan Adam Harvey North Refineries Company Ministry of OilIraq Chemical Engineering Department Tikrit UniversityIraq Ministry of Oil Iraq AL-Hawija Technical institute Northern Technical UniversityMoselIraq School of Engineering Newcastle UniversityUK

To meet the rapidly increasing demand for energy and the dramatic depletion of conventional crude oil,it is imperative to utilize sour *** no coke being produced,oxidative desulfurization(ODS)of naphtha lowers its sulfur content and average molecular *** this article,we outline a method for heavy naphtha non-extractive ODS using a very stable *** technique involves the use of a solid catalyst with oxygen gas as the *** necessitated relatively high mixing intensities;hence a three-phase Oscillatory Baffled Reactor(OBR)was *** catalyst was based on the zeolite ZSM-5,prepared from natural kaolin by a series of delamination and activation steps and impregnated with Fe.A TiO2 nanolayer was applied,using the sol-gel method,to prevent rapid *** reactor performance was evaluated to minimize the sulfur content in the naphtha *** to the protective coating,the sulfur conversion stabilized at 90%.The results of this work establish the use of natural clay-based catalysts in a continuous,three-phase ODS,particularly with regard to proving long-term *** also showed that modest ODS can be achieved using an environmentally friendly oxidant,at mild operating conditions,whilst maintaining stability.

关键词： Natural kaoline Desulfurization Three-phase Oscillatory baffled reactor

New aspects of a small GTPase RAB35 in brain development and function

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 1971-1980页

作者： Ikuko Maejima Ken Sato Laboratory of molecular Traffic Institute for Molecular and Cellular RegulationGunma UniversityMaebashiJapan

In eukaryotic cells,organelles in the secretory,lysosomal,and endocytic pathways actively exchange biological materials with each other through intracellular membrane trafficking,which is the process of transporting the cargo of proteins,lipids,and other molecules to appropriate compartments via transport vesicles or *** processes are strictly regulated by various small GTPases such as the RAS-like in rat brain(RAB)protein family,which is the largest subfamily of the RAS *** of membrane trafficking affects tissue homeostasis and leads to a wide range of diseases,including neurological disorders and neurodegenerative ***,it is important to understand the physiological and pathological roles of RAB proteins in brain ***35,a member of the RAB family,is an evolutionarily conserved protein in metazoans.A wide range of studies using cultured mammalian cells and model organisms have revealed that RAB35 mediates various processes such as cytokinesis,endocytic recycling,actin bundling,and cell ***35 is also involved in neurite outgrowth and turnover of synaptic *** generated brain-specific Rab35 knockout mice to study the physiological roles of RAB35 in brain development and *** mice exhibited defects in anxiety-related behaviors and spatial ***,RAB35 is required for the precise positioning of pyramidal neurons during hippocampal development,and thereby for normal hippocampal *** contrast,layer formation in the cerebral cortex occurred superficially,even in the absence of RAB35,suggesting a predominant role for RAB35 in hippocampal development rather than in cerebral cortex *** studies have suggested an association between RAB35 and neurodegenerative diseases,including Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's *** this review,we provide an overview of the current understanding of subcellular functions of *** also provide insights into the phys

关键词： endocytosis endosomes hippocampal development neurodegenerative diseases RAB35

All types of base conversions allowed by base editors

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第2期67卷 431-433页

作者： Shun-Qing Liang Wen Xue RNA Therapeutics institute UMass Chan Medical SchoolWorcester 01655USA Department of molecular Cell and Cancer BiologyUMass Chan Medical SchoolWorcester 01655USA Department of molecular Medicine UMass Chan Medical SchoolWorcester 01655USA Li Weibo institute for Rare Diseases Research UMass Chan Medical SchoolWorcester 01655USA

Base editors(BEs) hold great promise as tools for introducing single-base-pair changes in both basic research and therapeutic applications(Rees and Liu,2018).Base editors are composed of a Cas9 nickase fused to a DNA-modifying enzyme,which chemically modifies nucleobases within a specific targeting window near the Cas9-binding site.

关键词： base bases allowed

Reevaluation by the CRISPR/Cas9 knockout approach revealed that multiple pluripotency-associated lncRNAs are dispensable for pluripotency maintenance while Snora73a/b is essential for pluripotency exit

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Science China Life Sciences 2024年第10期67卷 2198-2212页

作者： Zhen Li Xuefei Li Jingxia Lin Yangming Wang Huiqing Cao Jiajian Zhou institute of molecular Medicine College of Future TechnologyPeking University Dermatology Hospital Southern Medical University Beijing Advanced Center of RNA Biology (BEACON) Peking University

Many long noncoding RNAs(lncRNAs) have been identified through siRNA-based screening as essential regulators of embryonic stem cell(ESC) pluripotency. However, the biological and molecular functions of most lncRNAs remain unclear. Here, we employed CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout technology to explore the functions of 8 lncRNAs previously reported to promote pluripotency in mouse ESCs. Unexpectedly, all of these lncRNAs were dispensable for pluripotency maintenance and proliferation in mouse ESCs when disrupted individually or in combination. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis also showed that the knockout of these lncRNAs has a minimal impact on pluripotency gene expression and cell identity. We further showed that several small hairpin RNAs(shRNAs) previously used to knock down lncRNAs caused the downregulation of pluripotency genes in the corresponding lncRNA-knockout ESCs, indicating that off-target effects likely responsible for the pluripotency defects caused by these shRNAs. Interestingly, linc1343-knockout and linc1343-knockdown ESCs failed to form cystic structures and exhibited high expression of pluripotency genes during embryoid body(EB) differentiation. By reintroducing RNA products generated from the linc1343 locus, we found that two snoRNAs, Snora73a and Snora73b, but not lncRNAs, could rescue pluripotency silencing defects during EB differentiation of linc1343 knockout ESCs. Our results suggest that the 8 previously annotated pluripotency-regulating lncRNAs have no overt functions in conventional ESC culture; however, we identified snoRNA products derived from an annotated lncRNA locus as essential regulators for silencing pluripotency genes.

关键词： long noncoding RNAs embryonic stem cells CRISPR/Cas9 snoRNAs stem cell differentiation

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Bias distribution and regulation in photoelectrochemical overall water-splitting cells

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National Science Review 2024年第4期11卷 141-150页

作者： Kun Dang Siqin Liu Lei Wu Daojian Tang Jing Xue Jiaming Wang Hongwei Ji Chuncheng Chen Yuchao Zhang Jincai Zhao Key Laboratory of Photochemistry CAS ResearchEducation Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences university of Chinese Academy of Sciences

The water oxidation half-reaction at anodes is always considered the rate-limiting step of overall water splitting（OWS）,but the actual bias distribution between photoanodes and cathodes of photoelectro chemical（PEC） OWS cells has not been investigated *** this work,we find that,for PEC cells consisting of photoanodes（nickel-modified n-Si [Ni/n-Si] and α-Fe2O3） with low photovoltage(Vph 1V,the bias required for cathode activation can be significantly reduced,exhibiting a kinetics-controlled *** investigations show that the bias distribution can be regulated by tuning the electrolyte pH and using alternative half-reaction ***,a volcano plot is presented for the rational design of the overall reactions and unbiased PEC *** by this,an unbiased PEC cell consisting of a simple Ni/n-Si photoanode and Pt cathode is assembled,delivering a photo current density of 5.3±0.2 mA cm-2.

关键词： photoelectrochemistry overall reaction cell bias distribution photoanode water splitting

Neuroinflammation revisited through the microglial lens

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 1989-1990页

作者： Renato Socodato João B.Relvas institute of Research and Innovation in Health(i3S)and institute for molecular and cell Biology(IBMC) University of PortoPortoPortugal Department of Biomedicine Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto(FMUP)PortoPortugal

Neuroimmunology is emerging as a pivotal field,shedding light on the intricate dialogues between the central nervous system(CNS)and the immune *** exploration is particularly significant in understanding microglia,the CNS’s innate immune cells,beyond the conventional conflation of“neuroinflammation”and“microglial activation.”This conflation has clouded the true complexity of these processes,potentially stalling scientific progress and the development of new *** challenge the long-standing perspectives that have oversimplified these interactions,advocating for a deeper exploration of the dynamic relationship between neuroinflammation and microglial *** dissecting specific molecular pathways,we aim to illuminate their elaborate roles in neuroinflammatory responses,especially in the context of Alzheimer’s disease(AD).Here,neuroinflammation is not merely a passive observer or a direct antagonist but a complex agent in the disease’s *** article calls for a significant paradigm shift towards an integrative,multi-omics approach to *** such a comprehensive framework is crucial for advancing our understanding of neuroinflammatory conditions and paving the way for targeted therapeutic strategies for brain diseases.

关键词： inflammation simplified activation

Nitrogen-doping boosts *CO utilization and H2O activation on copper for improving CO2 reduction to C2+ products

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Green Energy & Environment 2024年第9期9卷 1459-1465页

作者： Yisen Yang Zhonghao Tan Jianling Zhang Jie Yang Renjie Zhang Sha Wang Yi Song Zhuizhui Su Beijing National Laboratory for molecular Sciences CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Photochemistry CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences

To improve the electrocatalytic transformation of carbon dioxide （CO2） to multi-carbon (C2+) products is of great *** we developed a nitrogen-doped Cu catalyst,by which the maximum C2+Faradaic efficiency can reach 72.7%in flow-cell system,with the partial current density reaching 0.62 A *** in situ Raman spectra demonstrate that the *CO adsorption can be strengthened on such a N-doped Cu catalyst,thus promoting the*CO utilization in the subsequent C–C coupling ***,the water activation can be well enhanced by N doping on Cu *** to the synergistic effects,the selectivity and activity for C2+products over the N-deoped Cu catalyst are much improved.

关键词： Electrocatalytic CO 2 reduction reaction Copper catalyst Doping Multi-carbon products In situ Raman measurement

TSPO deficiency exacerbates acute lung injury via NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis

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Chinese Medical Journal 2024年第13期137卷 1592-1602页

作者： Jingyi Han Xue Zhang Menghua Cai Feng Tian Yi Xu Hui Chen Wei He Jianmin Zhang Hui Tian Department of Thoracic Surgery Qilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanShandong 250012China CAMS Key Laboratory of T cell and Immunotherapy Department of ImmunologyInstitute of Basic Medical SciencesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic MedicinePeking Union Medical CollegeState Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular BiologyBeijing 100005China Changzhou Xitaihu institute for Frontier Technology of cell Therapy ChangzhouJiangsu 213000China Haihe Laboratory of cell Ecosystem Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjin 300020China

Background:Acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)is a common cause of respiratory failure in many critically ill *** inflammasome activation plays an important role in the induction of acute lung injury(ALI)and ARDS,the regulatory mechanism of this process is still *** cells are stimulated by inflammation,the integrity and physiological function of mitochondria play a crucial part in ***,the underlying mechanisms and function of mitochondrial proteins in the process of pyroptosis are largely not yet ***,we identified the 18-kDa translocator protein(TSPO),a mitochondrial outer membrane protein,as an important mediator regulating nucleotide-binding domain,leucine-rich repeat,and pyrin domain-containing protein 3(NLRP3)inflammasome activation in macrophages during ***:TSPO gene knockout(KO)and lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced ALI/ARDS mouse models were employed to investigate the biological role of TSPO in the pathogenesis of *** macrophages were used to further characterize the effect of TSPO on the NLRP3 inflammasome *** of NLRP3 inflammasome was preformed through LPS+adenosine triphosphate(ATP)co-stimulation,followed by detection of mitochondrial membrane potential,reactive oxygen species(ROS)production,and cell death to evaluate the potential biological function of *** between two groups were performed with a two-sided unpaired ***:TSPO-KO mice exhibited more severe pulmonary inflammation in response to LPS-induced *** deficiency resulted in enhanced activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway,promoting more proinflammatory cytokine production of macrophages in LPS-injured lung tissue,including interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-18,and macrophage inflammatory protein(MIP)-*** in TSPO-KO macrophages tended to depolarize in response to cellular *** increased production of mitochondrial damage-associated molecular pattern led to enhanced mitochondrial membr

关键词： Acute respiratory distress syndrome Acute lung injury 18-kDa translocator protein Macrophage NLRP3 inflammasome Inflammation

PCAF-mediated acetylation of METTL3 impairs mRNA translation efficiency in response to oxidative stress

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Science China Life Sciences 2024年第10期67卷 2157-2168页

作者： Cheng Liu Miao Yu Mengyuan Wang Siyuan Yang Yenan Fu Lei Zhang Chaoyang Zhu Hongquan Zhang Program for Cancer and cell Biology Department of Human AnatomyHistology and EmbryologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesPeking University International Cancer Instituteand State Key Laboratory of Molecular OncologyPeking University Health Science Center Department of General Surgery and Urological Surgery Huaihe HospitalHenan University Department of Human Anatomy Histologyand EmbryologyShenzhen University School of Medicine

METTL3 methylates RNA and regulates the fate of mRNA through its methyltransferase activity. METTL3 enhances RNA translation independently of its catalytic activity. However, the underlying mechanism is still elusive. Here, we report that METTL3 is both interacted with and acetylated at lysine 177 by the acetyltransferase PCAF and deacetylated by SIRT3. Neither the methyltransferase activity nor the stability of METTL3 is affected by its acetylation at K177. Importantly, acetylation of METTL3 blocks its interaction with EIF3H, a subunit of the translation initiation factor, thereby reducing mRNA translation efficiency. Interestingly, acetylation of METTL3 responds to oxidative stress. Mechanistically, oxidative stress enhances the interaction of PCAF with METTL3, increases METTL3 acetylation, and suppresses the interaction of METTL3 with EIF3H, thereby decreasing the translation efficiency of ribosomes and inhibiting cell proliferation. Altogether,we suggest a mechanism by which oxidative stress regulates RNA translation efficiency by the modulation of METTL3 acetylation mediated by PCAF.

关键词： METTL3 acetylation PCAF m6A oxidative stress translation SIRT3

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