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World Journal of Hepatology 2021年第10期13卷 1203-1207页

作者： Shahinul Alam Shah Mohammad Fahim Department of Hepatology Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical UniversityDhaka 1000Bangladesh Nutrition and Clinical Services Division icddrbDhaka 1212Bangladesh

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is a global public health concern owing to its substantial contribution to chronic liver *** disease is closely linked to metabolic syndrome(MS),suggesting a common biological pathway and shared disease mechanism for both *** studies revealed a close relationship of NAFLD with the components of MS including abdominal obesity,dyslipidemia,hypertension,and ***,a group of experts recently renamed NAFLD as metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)in order to encompass a more appropriate pathogenesis of the *** was first named to describe a condition similar to alcoholic hepatitis in absence of significant alcohol ***,knowledge pertaining to the etiopathogenesis of the disease has evolved over the past four *** evidence endorses NAFLD as a terminology of exclusion and suggests that it may often leads to misdiagnosis or inappropriate management of patients,particularly in clinical *** the other hand,the new definition is useful in addressing hepatic steatosis with metabolic dysfunction,which ultimately covers most of the patients with such ***,it seems to be helpful in improving clinical diagnosis and managing high-risk patients with fatty liver ***,it is imperative to validate the new terminology at the population level to ensure a holistic approach to reduce the global burden of this heterogeneous disease condition.

关键词： Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease Redefining Redefinition of fatty liver disease

Predictors of Death in Under-Five Children with Sepsis Attending an Urban Diarrheal Treatment Centre in Bangladesh

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2013年第7期4卷 709-714页

作者： K. M. Shahunja Abu Sadat Mohammad Sayeem Bin Shahid Hasan Ashraf Abu Syeed Golam Faruque Sumon Kumar Das Md. Kamruzzaman Farhana Pervin Flora Mohammod Jobayer Chisti Centre for Nutrition and Food Security International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research (icddrb) Dhaka Bangladesh Centre for Nutrition and Food Security International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research (icddrb) Dhaka Bangladesh Clinical Service Dhaka Hospital International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research (icddrb) Dhaka Bangladesh Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital Dhaka Bangladesh.

SETTING: Special Care Ward (SCW) of the Dhaka Hospital of icddr,b, Bangladesh. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical and laboratory predictors of death in under-five children with clinically defined sepsis presenting with diarrhea. METHODS: We prospectively enrolled all the diarrheal children (n = 151) aged 0 to 59 months with clinical sepsis admitted in the SCW during September’2007 through December’2007. Comparison was made between deaths (n = 23) and survivors (n = 128). Sepsis is defined as presence of inflammation [abnormal WBC count (>11 × 109/L or, 9/L or, band and neutrophil ratio ≤0.10] plus presence or presumed presence of infection with thermo-instability [hypo (≤35.0℃) or hyperthermia (≥38.5℃)], tachycardia, tachypnea, and/or the indications of altered organ function (altered mental status and bounding pulse) in the absence of clinical dehydration or after correction of dehydration. RESULTS: The median (inter-quartile range) age (months) of the children who survived and died was comparable [4.0 (2.0, 12.0) vs. 1.5 (0.8, 10.0);p = 0.703]. In the logistic regression analysis, after adjusting for potential confounders, such as abnormal WBC count, use of intravenous fluid, patient with fatal outcome more often presented with hypernatremia (odds ratio = 16.48, 95% confidence interval = 2.21 -?123.12;p = 0.006), lobar consolidation (odds ratio = 19.9, 95% confidence interval = 2.99 - 132.80;p = 0.002), hypoxemia (odds ratio = 14.78, 95% confidence interval = 1.38 157.90;p = 0.026) and severe under-nutrition (odds ratio = 7.57, 95% confidence interval = 1.24 - 46.11;p = 0.028). CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that children under-five with clinical sepsis who present with lobar pneumonia, hypoxaemia, severe acute malnutrition and hyperntaemia are at higher risk of death and identification of these simple factors may help clinicians to take prompt initiative for the aggressive management of such children especially in a resource-limited setting like Bangladesh.

关键词： Bangladesh Diarrhea Hypoxemia Sepsis Severe Malnutrition

Socio-demographic, host and clinical characteristics of people with typhoidal and non-typhiodal<i>Salmonella</i>gastroenteritis in urban Bangladesh

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Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering 2013年第8期6卷 834-842页

作者： Sumon Kumar Das Mohammod Jobayer Chisti Mohammad Abdul Malek Shahnawaz Ahmed Fahmida Dil Farzana Farzana Ferdous K. M. Shahunja Mohammed Abdus Salam Tahmeed Ahmed Abu Syed Golam Faruque Centre for Nutrition and Food Security (CNFS) International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research Bangladesh (icddrb) Dhaka Bangladesh

Typhoidal (Salmonella enterica serover Typhi and Para-typhi A and B) (TS) and non-typhiodal Salmonella (NTS) gastroenteritis are less reported in Bangladesh. There is also a lack of report on socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of Bangladeshi people with typhoid fever and those with non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) gastroenteritis. Thus, the present study aimed to compare the socio-demographic, host and clinical characteristics, and seasonal variations between TS and NTS infections among patients attending at a large diarrheal disease hospital in urban Bangladesh. Information were extracted from the database of icddr,b in two different age stratums (0-14 years, and 15 years and above) as 54 with TS and 199 with NTS;and 65 with TS and 239 with NTS respectively after excluding all other pathogens. Randomly selected individuals with diarrhea but without any pathogen in stool constituted the control group (n = 253 and n = 304 respectively). Among 0-14 years, fever [aOR-4.35 (95% CI-1.45-13.06)] and drink unboiled water [aOR-0.22 (95% CI-0.06-0.83)] significantly differed between TS and NTS. Significant associations were observed with lower socio-economic context [aOR-10.02 (95% CI-3.79-26.45)], unbolied drinking water [aOR-2.16 (95% CI-1.05-4.43)], fever [aOR-4.54 (95% CI-1.71-12.03)], pneumonia [aOR-21.57 (95% CI-1.90-245.01)], wasting [aOR-2.60 (95% CI-1.21-5.57)], presence of RBC [aOR-0.09 (95% CI-0.02-0.33], leucocytes [aOR-3.97 (95% CI-1.76-8.99)] and macrophage [aOR-10.71 (95% CI-2.80-41.06)] in stool and alkaline pH [aOR-2.07 (95% CI-1.08-3.97)] when compared with control group. Among ≥15 years, TS was more frequently isolated from individuals with poor socio-economic background [aOR-2.09 (95% CI-1.0-4.33)] and use non-tap drinking water [aOR-0.29 (95% CI-0.13-0.66] compared to their NTS counterparts. Reported lack of formal schooling [aOR-0.65 (95% CI-0.44-0.96)], fever [aOR-2.10 (95% CI-1.03-4.31)], hospital stay (>24 hours) [aOR-1.66 (95% CI-1.05-2.62

关键词： Bangladesh Diarrhea Non-Typhiodal Salmonella Typhoidal Salmonella Urban

Health and Nutritional Status of Young Foster Children Attending a Diarrhea Treatment Hospital in Bangladesh

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2013年第8期4卷 785-790页

作者： Durdana Akhter Sumon Kumar Das Mohammod Jobayer Chisti Gazi Imran Fahmida Dil Farzana Shahnawaz Ahmed Farzana Ferdous Mohammad Abdul Malek Abu Syed Golam Faruque Centre for Nutrition and Food Security (CNFS) icddrb Dhaka Bangladesh Centre for Vaccine Sciences (CVS) International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh (icddrb) Dhaka Bangladesh Dhaka Shishu (Children’s) Hospital Dhaka Bangladesh

There is scarcity of evidence-based information about socio-demographic as well as ailment factors associated with foster children in Bangladesh. Thus the aim of the present study was to determine the socio-economic, health and nutritional status of young foster children in urban Dhaka. A total of 208 (1%;n = 208/28,948) under-5 foster children were enrolled in the Diarrheal Disease Surveillance System of icddr,b between 1993-2012. Randomly selected under-5 children (n = 624) with a ratio of 1:3 were extracted and constituted as comparison group. Forty-three percent (n = 90) foster children were male. Lack of formal schooling of mother was higher among foster children compared to non-foster children (52% vs. 35%;p < 0.001). Higher proportion of foster children suffered from some or severe dehy-dration (60% vs. 47%;p = 0.001) and often received intravenous saline (12% vs. 5%;p = 0.002) in comparison to non-foster children. Significantly lower proportion of foster children had rotavirus diarrhea (26% vs. 43%;p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, foster children were 2 times (95% CI: 1.31-4.32) more likely to be stunted and 194 times (95% CI: 82.25-457.76) more likely to be non-breastfed. Infants aged 6-11 months were 8 times (95% CI: 3.70-15.50) more likely to be foster compared to older children and probability of fostering was 7 times (95% CI: 3.96-13.33) higher among mothers with a median age of 25 years. The findings of our study clearly demonstrate the existing health and nutritional problems of foster children. Therefore, appropriate health and nutrition interventions are critical for foster children in Bangladesh.

关键词： Bangladesh Diarrhea Foster Children Malnutrition

Weight Gain in Malnourished Children after 5 Months Food Supplementation in a Slum Setting in Bangladesh

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2014年第14期5卷 1370-1378页

作者： Mustafa Mahfuz Tahmeed Ahmed A. M. Shamsir Ahmed M. Munirul Islam M. I. Hossain Centre for Nutrition and Food Security International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh (icddr b) Dhaka Bangladesh

We examined the rate of weight gain and absolute weight gain of underweight children (weight- for-age Z score < -2) aged between 6 - 24 months living in a slum of Dhaka city, in response to two different regimens of supplementary feeding. Comparison was also made with the weight gain of a healthy group of children from the same locality. In total 161 children, including 68 healthy children representing the control group, were enrolled for the 5 months supplementation. The two regimens of feeding were either ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF, Plumpy’Nut) or locally made cereal-based supplementary food Pushti packet which was recommended in the National Nutritional Program. No food supplementation was provided to control children. All children received vitamin A as part of the six-monthly national program, albendazole for deworming, immunization, and health and nutrition education. Multiple micronutrient powder (MNP) was provided only to Pushti packet and control children. The rate of weight gain on RUTF was 1.69 g/kg/day during the first month and gradually declined to 0.9 g/kg/day at the final month of the trial, whereas, the rate of weight gain on Pushti packet was 0.77 g/kg/day during the first month declining to 0.70 g/kg/day at the end of the trial. Rate of weight gain in the control group was steady between 0.47 - 0.50 g/kg/day. Absolute weight gains of 1085 g, 790 g and 730 g were observed in the RUTF, Pushti packet and the control groups, respectively which were significantly higher in the RUTF group. There was no statistically significant difference between the RUTF and Pushti packet groups in terms of rate of weight gain. Overall, weight gain was unsatisfactory for both supplementation groups. Better absolute weight gain was observed with RUTF supplementation compared to Pushti packet which prevented further deterioration in weight among the malnourished children.

关键词： Malnutrition RUTF Supplementation Underweight Bangladesh

Effective antimicrobial therapies of urinary tract infections among children in low-and middle-income countries:A systematic review

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Pediatric Investigation 2023年第2期7卷 102-110页

作者： Rifat Ara Sarker Mohammad Nasrullah Zarrin Tasnim Sadia Afrin Mohammad Delwer Hossain Hawlader KM Saif-Ur-Rahman Infectious Disease Division icddrbDhakaBangladesh Maternal and Child Health Division icddrbDhakaBangladesh Public Health Professional Development Society(PPDS) DhakaBangladesh Health System and Population Studies Division icddrbDhakaBangladesh Department of Public Health North South UniversityDhakaBangladesh Evidence Synthesis Ireland and Cochrane Ireland University of GalwayGalwayIreland College of Medicine Nursing and Health SciencesUniversity of GalwayGalwayIreland

Importance:Urinary tract infection(UTI)is one of the most common infections encountered in infancy and *** the emerging problem of antibiotic resistance in recent years,the use of antibiotics for better management of UTIs is ***:This study aims to explore the efficacy and adverse effects of the available antimicrobial agents that are used in pediatric UTIs in low-and middle-income countries(LMICs).Methods:Five electronic databases were searched to identify relevant *** reviewers independently performed screening,data extraction,and quality assessment of the available *** controlled trials providing antimicrobial interventions in both male and female participants within the age range of 3 months to 17 years in LMICs were ***:Six randomized controlled trials from 13 LMICs were included in this review(four trials explored the efficacy).Due to high heterogeneity across the studies,a meta-analysis was not *** than attrition and reporting bias,the risk of bias was moderate to high due to poor study *** differences in the efficacy and adverse events of different antimicrobials were not found to be statistically ***:This review indicates the necessity for additional clinical trials on children from LMICs with more significant sample numbers,adequate intervention periods,and study design.

关键词： Antimicrobial agents Children Efficacy LMICs Urinary tract infection

Probabilistic Prediction for Earthquake in Bangladesh: Just How Big Does the Earthquake Have to Be Next Years?

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Open Journal of Earthquake Research 2014年第2期3卷 108-114页

作者： Shongkour Roy Department of Statistics Jahangirnagar University Savar Bangladesh International Center for Diahorreal Diseases Research Bangladesh (icddr b) Dhaka Bangladesh

Earthquakes are more deadly than any other form of natural hazard. Because of this, scientists have been searching for accurate ways to predict earthquakes so that lives can be saved. Statistical analysis is useful methods of predicting earthquakes. They provide additional insights to the seismic hazard. In this work, the statistical analysis has been described through the study of “Region of Bangladesh”. A sample result from the statistical analysis which gives intermediate term prediction of earthquakes is given. At the end of the study, the prediction of near future earth-quakes is also investigated through the pictorial and tabular behaviors.

关键词： Earthquake Seismicity Statistical Method Weibull Distribution

Interaction between Biochar and Algae on Problem Soil

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Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering 2024年第1期12卷 56-68页

作者： Tazeen Fatima Khan Abdullah Al Mamun Nipu Department of Soil Water and Environment University of Dhaka Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Virology International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh (ICDDR B) Dhaka Bangladesh

An in-vitro experiment was conducted to assess the interaction between biochar and algae on a problem soil. Experiments were performed with and without algae to observe the effectiveness of algae for overcoming the challenges posed by problem soils. At the end of incubation periods, the adsorption and desorption of phosphorus (P) on a problem soil vis-á-vis algal inoculation were determined. Our results showed that different types of biochars adsorbed different amounts of P suggesting that the source of biochar played a crucial role in determining its behavior towards P. Tannery waste biochar significantly adsorbed 147% and 35% more P compared to that of the chicken litter and orange peel biochars respectively. Significant reductions in adsorption were observed when the biochar was used in combination with the algae which could be due to the beneficial effects of algae leading to the amelioration of the problem soil. Adsorption was reduced to 34%, 24% and 20% for the orange peel biochar + algae, chicken litter biochar + algae and tannery waste biochar + algae, respectively compared to the corresponding biochars present as a single solid. Phosphorus (P) desorption was also reduced significantly in presence of algal inoculation. Overall our findings suggest that the application of algae along with biochar in the problem soil could reduce the adsorption of P which would influence the availability of P.

关键词： Biochar Algae Problem Soil Interaction Phosphorus

Prolonged acute diarrhea in adults: Decades of observation from epidemiological perspective in urban Bangladesh

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Open Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第3期3卷 208-213页

作者： Sumon Kumar Das Mohammod Jobayer Chisti Shahnawaz Ahmed Mohammad Abdul Malek Fahmida Dil Farzana Farzana Ferdous Jonathan Latham Abu Syed Golam Faruque Centre for Nutrition and Food Security (CNFS) International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh (icddrb) Dhaka Bangladesh London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London UK

The study aimed to determine the epidemiological, clinical characteristics, and etiology of adults aged ≥20 years presented with prolonged acute diarrhea (≥7 days). A total of 18,210 adults aged ≥20 years were enrolled in the Diarrheal Disease Surveillance System of icddr,b between 1993-2012 and included into the analysis. Of these, 17,631 (97%) had duration of diarrhea ≤6 days, 418 (2%) diarrhea presented with a duration of 7 - 13 days and rest 161 (1%) had history of diarrhea ≥14 days. A higher proportion of adult individuals who had duration of diarrhea ≥14 days (70% vs. 56%;p male. At least 73% of all patients used oral rehydration solution;but proportion was lower among prolonged acute diarrhea groups. Use of antimicrobials was higher among those with duration 7 - 13 days (81%) and ≥14 days (81%). Diarrhea lasting ≥14 days, 47% were suffering from chronic energy deficiency and 30% had history of smoking. Individuals with diarrhea ≥7 days less frequently presented with vomiting, watery stool, frequency of stool >10 times/24 hours, drowsy or lethargy, fast breathing, some or severe dehydration, received intravenous saline for initial corrections of dehydration and stayed for longer duration in hospital (≥24 hours) but more often presented with abdominal pain. Stool microscopic examination showed less frequent presence of red blood cells (36% vs. 44%;p = 0.043) and fecal leucocytes (50% vs. 59%;p = 0.029) among individuals with diarrhea ≥14 days compared to those with ≤6 days. None was infected with Vibrio cholerae (≥14 days) (3% for 7 - 13 days);however, isolation rate of Aeromonas was higher among adults with duration for ≥14 days (11%). Only 15% with ≥14 days were positive for Shigella contrary to 19% (7 - 13 days) and 56% (≤6 days). Differences in sociodemographic, clinical presentation and etiology varied with duration of diarrhea among adults.

关键词： Adult Bangladesh Diarrhea Prolonged Acute Diarrhea

Burden of chronic illness and associated disabilities in Bangladesh:Evidence from the Household Income and Expenditure Survey

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Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine 2017年第2期3卷 -页

作者： Marufa Sultana Rashidul Alam Mahumud Abdur Razzaque Sarker Health Economics and Financing Research Health Systems and Population Studies DivisionInternational Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease ResearchBangladesh (icddr'b)DhakaBangladesh Health Economics and Financing Research Health Systems and Population Studies DivisionInternational Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease ResearchBangladesh (icddr'b)DhakaBangladeshUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowUnited Kingdom

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the distribution of chronic illness and associated disability, out-of-pocket payment (OOPP), and other related factors using survey data from Bangladesh. Methods: This study analyzed Bangladesh Household Income and Expenditure Survey data that include socio-economic and demographic data, such as consumption, expenditures, and assets, along with information regarding chronic illness and disability. Multiple linear regression models were used to identify factors significantly associated with OOPP. Furthermore, a binary Logistic regression model was employed to assess the association of the explanatory variables with disability status. Results: A higher prevalence of chronic illness was found for those with chronic gastritis (18.70%), and 41.92%of the population had at least one side disability. The average OOPP healthcare expenditure for chronic illness was estimated to be US$7.59. Higher OOPP was found among the upper 2 wealth quintiles. Overall OOPP health expenditure was significantly higher among individuals with an associated disability (P<0.001). The likelihood of having an associated disability was higher among those individuals with a lower education level (OR=2.36, 95%CI:1.95-4.06), those who not earning an income (OR=2.85, 95%CI:2.53-3.21), those who did not seek care (OR=1.73, 95%CI:1.57-1.90), those who sought care from a pharmacy (OR=8.91, 95%CI:7.38-10.74), and those in the lowest wealth quintile (OR=7.21, 95%CI:6.41-8.12). Conclusions: The high OOPP illustrates the necessity of financial risk protection for the population at low socio-economic status. Therefore, we recommend that the government strengthen the healthcare system with appropriate support directed to the rural and elderly populations.

关键词： Chronic illness Disability Out-of-pocket payments Burden Bangladesh