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Risk factors for long COVID in children and adolescents:a systematic review and meta-analysis

World Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第2期20卷 133-142页

作者： Daniel G.Rayner Elaine Wang Cloris Su Om D.Patel Stephanie Aleluya Alessandra Giglia Evelyn Zhu Maha Siddique Department of health Research Methods Evidenceand ImpactFaculty of Health SciencesMcMaster University1280 Main St WHamiltonONL8S 4K1Canada Faculty of health Sciences McMaster University1280 Main St WHamiltonON L8S 4K1Canada Faculty of Science McMaster University1280 Main St WHamiltonONL8S 4K1Canada

Background The long-term sequelae of COVID-19 in children and adolescents remain poorly understood and characterized.This systematic review and meta-analysis sought to summarize the risk factors for long COVID in the pediatric population.Methods We searched six databases from January 2020 to May 2023 for observational studies reporting on risk factors for long COVID or persistent symptoms those were present 12 or more weeks post-infection using multivariable regression analyses.Trial registries,reference lists of included studies,and preprint servers were hand-searched for relevant studies.Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted to pool odds ratios for each risk factor.Individual study risk of bias was rated using QUIPS,and the GRADE framework was used to assess the certainty of evidence for each unique factor.Results Sixteen observational studies(N=46,262)were included,and 19 risk factors were amenable to meta-analysis.With moderate certainty in the evidence,age(per 2-year increase),allergic rhinitis,obesity,previous respiratory diseases,hospitalization,severe acute COVID-19,and symptomatic acute COVID-19 are probably associated with an increased risk of long COVID.Female sex,asthma,comorbidity,and heart diseases may be associated with an increased risk of long COVID,and Asian and Black races may be associated with a decreased risk of long COVID.We did not observe any credible subgroup effects for any risk factor.Conclusions The current body of literature presents several compelling risk factors for the development of long COVID in the pediatric population.Further research is necessary to elucidate the pathophysiology of long COVID.

关键词： COVID-19 Long COVID Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome Pediatrics Risk factors

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Commentary on"Speed and surface steepness affect internal tibial loading during running"

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Journal of Sport and health Science 2024年第1期13卷 125-126页

作者： Michael Baggaley Arash Khassetarash Faculty of Kinesiology University of CalgaryCalgaryAB T2N 1N4Canada McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint health University of CalgaryCalgaryAB T2N 4Z6Canada

It is a pleasure to write a commentary on the work of Dr.Hannah Rice and colleagues,l who have advanced our understanding of how the mechanical loading environment of the tibia changes as a function of running grade and speed.It is important that we understand how the tibia is loaded during conditions that an individual is likely to encounter when running as it is these internal loads which we believe are responsible for the development of bone-stress injuries.

关键词： loading injuries likely

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health benefits from the rapid reduction in ambient exposure to air pollutants after China's clean air actions:progress in efficacy and geographic equality

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National Science Review 2024年第2期11卷 103-113页

作者： Tao Xue Ruohan Wang Meng Wang Yanying Wang Dan Tong Xia Meng Conghong Huang Siqi Ai Fangzhou Li Jingyuan Cao Mingkun Tong Xueqiu Ni Hengyi Liu Jianyu Deng Hong Lu Wei Wan Jicheng Gong Shiqiu Zhang Tong Zhu Clean Air Asia Institute of Reproductive and Child health National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health/Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases(PKU) School of Public Health Peking University Health Science Centre State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Exposure and Health Risk Management and Center for Environment and Health Peking University Advanced Institute of Information Technology Peking University Department of Epidemiology and Environmental health School of Public Health and Health ProfessionsUniversity at Buffalo State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringPeking University Department of Earth System Science Tsinghua University School of Public health Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of HealthFudan University College of Land Management Nanjing Agricultural University National&Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Rural Land Resources Use and Consolidation

Clean air actions （CAAs） in China have been linked to considerable benefits in public health.However,whether the beneficial effects of CAAs are equally distributed geographically is unknown.Using high-resolution maps of the distributions of major air pollutants (fine particulate matter[PM2.5]and ozone[O3]) and population,we aimed to track spatiotemporal changes in health impacts from,and geographic inequality embedded in,the reduced exposures to PM2.5and O3from 2013 to 2020.We used a method established by the Global Burden of Diseases Study.By analyzing the changes in loss of life expectancy（LLE） attributable to PM2.5and O3,we calculated the gain of life expectancy （GLE） to quantify the health benefits of the air-quality improvement.Finally,we assessed the geographic inequality embedded in the GLE using the Gini index （GI）.Based on risk assessments of PM2.5and O3,during the first stage of CAAs（2013 to 2017）,the mean GLE was 1.87 months.Half of the sum of the GLE was disproportionally distributed in about one quarter of the population exposed （GI 0.44）.During the second stage of CAAs（2017 to 2020）,the mean GLE increased to 3.94 months and geographic inequality decreased （GI 0.18）.According to our assessments,CAAs were enhanced,from the first to second stages,in terms of not only preventing premature mortality but also ameliorating health inequalities.The enhancements were related to increased sensitivity to the health effects of air pollution and synergic control of PM2.5and O3levels.Our findings will contribute to optimizing future CAAs.

关键词： clean air action public health inequality fine particulate matter ozone

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Disease Burden and Costs Associated with Multiple Sclerosis in China:A Cross-sectional Analysis of Nationwide Survey Data

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2024年第4期40卷 533-538页

作者： Yusheng Jia Xuanqi Qiao Jin Zhao Hainan Li Shanlian Hu Min Hu Department of health Economics School of Public HealthFudan UniversityShanghai200032China National health Commission Key Laboratory of health Technology Assessment Fudan UniversityShanghai200032China

DearEditors,Multiple sclerosis(MS)is a chronic,autoimmune neurological disorder characterized by inflammatory demyelination of the central nervous system;it is associated with reduced mobility,cognitive impairment,and numerous comorbidities[1].Global MS incidence(2.1 per 100,000 person-years)and prevalence(30.1 per 100,000)have increased in recent years,and its prevalence is notably higher in Western countries,ranging from~30 to 200 cases per 100,000[2].In China,recent epidemiological research has shown that the crude prevalence was 2.44 per 100,000 in 2016[3],and the age-and sex-adjusted incidence was 0.235 per 100,000 person-years[4].Despite the relatively low prevalence compared with the global average,China has extensively addressed the well-being of over 30,000 MS patients,enrolling MS in China's First National List of Rare Diseases in 2018.

关键词： prevalence impairment autoimmune

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Pregnancy stressors and postpartum symptoms of depression and anxiety:the moderating role of a cognitivebehavioural therapy(CBT)intervention

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General Psychiatry 2024年第1期37卷 112-121页

作者： Yunxiang Sun Soim Park Abid Malik Najia Atif Ahmed Zaidi Atif Rahman Pamela J Surkan Department of International health Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA Department of Public Mental health Health Services AcademyIslamabadPakistan Human Development Research Foundation RawalpindiPakistan Department of Primary Care and Mental health Institute of Population HealthUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK

Background Little is known about the association between stressors(especially positive stressors)during pregnancy and postpartum depression and anxiety.Aims We investigated the association between positive and negative stress events during different stages of pregnancy and postpartum mental health outcomes among low-income pregnant women with symptoms of anxiety in Pakistan and evaluated whether an intervention based on cognitive behavioural therapy(CBT)had a regulatory effect.Methods Participants were 621 pregnant Pakistani women with mild anxiety.Using the Pregnancy Experience Scale-Brief Version,six scores were created to assess positive and negative stressors.We performed a multivariate linear regression to examine whether these six scores,measured both at baseline and in the third trimester,were associated with postpartum anxiety and depressive symptoms.The effect of the intervention on this relationship was examined by adding an interaction term to the regression model.Results Hassles frequency measured in the third trimester was positively associated with depression(B=0.22,95%confidence interval(Cl):0.09 to 0.36)and anxiety(B=0.19,95%Cl:0.08to 0.30).At the same timepoint,uplifts intensity was negatively associated with symptoms of depression(B=-0.82,95%Cl:1.46 to-0.18)and anxiety(B=-0.70,95%Cl:-1.25 to-0.15),whereas hassles intensity was positively related to symptoms of depression(B=1.02,95%Cl:0.36 to 1.67)and anxiety(B=0.90,95%Cl:0.34 to 1.47).The intensity ratio of hassles to uplifts reported in the third trimester was positively related to both depression(B=1.40,95%Cl:0.59 to 2.20)and anxiety(B=1.26,95%Cl:0.57 to 1.96).The intervention strengthened the overall positive effects of uplfts and the negative effects of hassles.Pregnancy experiences at baseline during early pregnancy to mid-pregnancy were not associated with mental health outcomes.Conclusions Stressors in the third trimester but not earlier in pregnancy were associated with postpartum symptoms of anxiety and depression.The CBT intervention m

关键词： postpartum stress behaviour

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Intertwined depressive and cognitive trajectories and the risk of dementia and death in older adults:a competing risk analysis

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General Psychiatry 2024年第2期37卷 207-215页

作者： Ziyang Ren Lirong Nie Yushan Du Jufen Liu Institute of Reproductive and Child health/National health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive health Peking UniversityBeijingChina Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijingChina

Background Depressive symptoms and cognitive impairment often interact,rendering their associations controversial.To date,their joint trajectories and associations with dementia and death remain underexplored.Aims To explore the interactions between depressive symptoms and cognitive function,their developmental trajectories and the associations with all-cause dementia,Alzheimer’s disease(AD)and all-cause death in older adults.Methods Data were from the health and Retirement Study.Depressive symptoms and cognitive function were measured using the 8-item Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale and the Telephone Interview of Cognitive Status,respectively.All-cause dementia and AD were defined by self-reported or proxy-reported physician diagnoses.All-cause death was determined by interviews.The restricted cubic spline,group-based trajectory modelling and subdistribution hazard regression were used.Results Significant interactions between depressive symptoms and cognitive function in 2010 in their association with new-onset all-cause dementia and AD from 2010 to 2020 were found,especially in women(p for interaction4.47(2.99 to 6.67)and 1.84(1.43 to 2.36),especially in women.Conclusions To effectively mitigate the risk o

关键词： death analysis rendering

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Combined Effect of Outdoor Time and Other Modifiable Factors on Myopia Incidence Among Children and Adolescents—9 PLADs,China,2020

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China CDC weekly 2024年第9期6卷 151-156,I0001,I0002页

作者： Panliang Zhong Yunfei Liu Ning Ma Jiajia Dang Di Shi Shan Cai Ziyue Chen Yanhui Dong Peijin Hu Jun Ma Patrick W.C Lau Randall S.Stafford Yi Song Institute of Child and Adolescent health School of Public HealthPeking UniversityNational Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive HealthBeijingChina Department of Sport Physical Education&HealthHong Kong Baptist UniversityKowloon TongHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina Department of Medicine Stanford Prevention Research CenterStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUnited States

Summary What is already known about this topic?Myopia has been identified as a significant emerging challenge and policy priority among children and adolescents in China by the Ministry of Education and seven other departments.Limited research has been conducted to investigate the collective impact of outdoor time and other modifiable factors on the incidence of myopia.

关键词： Incidence collective policy

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Comparison of toxicity between lanthanum oxide nanoparticles and lanthanum chloride

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第2期42卷 424-430,I0007页

作者： Kun Huang Songchang Lai Miao Guo Xingwu Zhu Jiashuangwei Yuan Zhehao Liu Gonghua Hu Yanfang Gao School of Public health and health Management Gannan Medical UniversityGanzhou341000China

Due to the wide application of rare earth elements,lanthanum(La) is gradually accumulated in our living environment.Lanthanum can enter the body through a variety of routes,which has a series of effects on various systems.As a consequence,the safety of lanthanum deserves our attention.This study aims to compare the toxicity of lanthanum oxide nanoparticles(La_(2)O_(3) NPs) and lanthanum chloride(LaCl_(3)) and enrich the toxicity evaluation of lanthanum.Therefore,a 30 d intragastal experiment was conducted.C57BL/6j mice were given by La_(2)O_(3) NPs solution and LaCl_(3) solution respectively at doses of 0,30,60 and120 mg/kg BW(lanthanum content).The results show that,compared with the control group,both La_(2)O_(3)NPs and LaCl_(3) can reduce the body weight of female mice in the high-dose group,but for male mice,the high-dose La_(2)O_(3) NPs solution can increase the body weight,while LaCl_(3) has the opposite effect.The coefficients of liver,kidney,heart,lung,uterine and ovaries increase first and then decrease with the exposure dose,but testes and epididymides coefficient keep increasing with the exposure of LaCl_(3) and La_(2)O_(3) NPs.La_(2)O_(3) NPs and LaCl_(3) can reduce the concentration of triglycerides(TG) and increase the level of low density lipoprotein(LDL),but the effect of La_(2)O_(3) NPs is more obvious.La_(2)O_(3) NPs and LaCl_(3) can reduce the concentration of malondialdehyde(MDA),increase the total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)and enhance the activity of catalase(CAT),but LaCl_(3) has more obvious protective effects on oxidative stress.La_(2)O_(3) NPs and LaCl_(3) have potential risks to liver,and the toxicity of La_(2)O_(3) NPs might be higher than that of LaCl_(3).

关键词： Rare earth elements Lanthanum oxide nanoparticles Lanthanum chloride Lipid metabolism Oxidative stress

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Coverage and determinants of infant postnatal care in Nigeria: A population-based cross-sectional study

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儿科学研究(英文) 2024年第1期8卷 27-36页

作者： Egbewale Bolaji Emmanuel Oyedeji Olusola Bump Jesse Sudfeld Christopher Robert Department of Global health and Population Takemi Program in International Health Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health Boston Massachusetts USA Department of Community Medicine College of Health Sciences Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Ogbomoso Nigeria Department of Pediatrics and Child health College of Health Sciences Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Ogbomoso Nigeria

Importance: In 2019, Nigeria had the largest number of under-5 child deaths globally and many of these deaths occurred within the first week of life. The World health Organization recommends infant postnatal care (PNC) attendance to support newborn survival; however, utilization of PNC is known to be low in many contexts.Objective: This study examined coverage and individual-level determinants of infant PNC attendance in Nigeria.Methods: Nigeria Demographic health Survey (NDHS) 2018 data were used to evaluate infant PNC coverage and determinants. Infant PNC was defined as receipt of care within 2 days of birth. Children delivered up to 2 years before the 2018 NDHS were included. We examined predictors of infant PNC with modified Poisson regression models to estimate relative risks (RRs).Results: The national coverage of infant PNC was 37.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 35.8%–38.7%). Significant heterogeneity in PNC attendance existed at state and regional levels. Facility delivery was strongly associated with the uptake of PNC (RR: 6.07; 95% CI: 5.60–6.58). Greater maternal education, maternal employment, urban residence, female head of household, and greater wealth were also associated with an increased likelihood of PNC visits.Interpretation: The uptake of infant PNC is low and interventions are urgently needed to promote equity in access and increase demand for PNC in Nigeria.

关键词： Infant postnatal care Epidemiology Coverage Determinants Nigeria

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Influence of preterm birth on the association between gestational diabetes mellitus and childhood developmental vulnerability:a causal mediation analysis

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第1期20卷 54-63页

作者： Bereket Duko Amanuel Tesfay Gebremedhin Gizachew Assefa Tessema Gavin Pereira Australian Centre for Precision health UniSA Clinical and Health SciencesUniversity of South AustraliaNorth TerraceAdelaideSA5000Australia Curtin School of Population health Faculty of Health SciencesCurtin UniversityKent StreetBentleyWA 6102Australia enAble Institute Curtin UniversityKent StreetBentleyWA6102Australia Centre for Fertility and health(CeFH) Norwegian Institute of Public HealthOsloNorway

Background Epidemiological studies examining the direct and indirect effects of gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)on offspring early childhood developmental vulnerability are lacking.Therefore,the aims of this study were to estimate the direct and indirect effects of GDM(through preterm birth)on early childhood developmental vulnerability.Methods We conducted a retrospective population-based cohort study on the association between gestational diabetes mellitus and early childhood developmental vulnerability in children born in Western Australia(WA)using maternal,infant and birth records from the Midwives Notification,Hospitalizations,Developmental Anomalies,and the Australian Early Development Census(AEDC)databases.We used two aggregated outcome measures:developmentally vulnerable on at least one AEDC domain(DV1)and developmentally vulnerable on at least two AEDC domains(DV2).Causal mediation analysis was applied to estimate the natural direct(NDE),indirect(NIE),and total(TE)effects as relative risks(RR).Results In the whole cohort(n=64,356),approximately 22%were classified as DV1 and 11%as DV2 on AEDC domains.Estimates of the natural direct effect suggested that children exposed to GDM were more likely to be classified as DV1(RR=1.20,95%CI:1.10-1.31)and DV2(RR=1.34,95%CI:1.19-1.50)after adjusting for potential confounders.About 6%and 4%of the effect of GDM on early childhood developmental vulnerability was mediated by preterm birth for DV1 and DV2,respectively.Conclusion Children exposed to gestational diabetes mellitus were more likely to be developmentally vulnerable in one or more AEDC domains.The biological mechanism for these associations is not well explained by mediation through preterm birth.

关键词： Child development Causal mediation analysis Gestational diabetes mellitus Offspring

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