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Radioisotope production using lasers:From basic science to applications

Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第3期9卷 31-44页

作者： M.R.D.Rodrigues A.Bonasera M.Scisciò J.A.Pérez-Hernández M.Ehret F.Filippi P.L.Andreoli M.Huault H.Larreur D.Singappuli D.Molloy D.Raffestin M.Alonzo G.G.Rapisarda D.Lattuada G.L.Guardo C.Verona Fe.Consoli G.Petringa A.McNamee M.La Cognata S.Palmerini T.Carriere M.Cipriani G.Di Giorgio G.Cristofari R.De Angelis G.A.P.Cirrone D.Margarone L.Giuffrida D.Batani P.Nicolai K.Batani R.Lera L.Volpe D.Giulietti S.Agarwal M.Krupka S.Singh Fa.Consoli Cyclotron Institute Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexas 77840USA Laboratori Nazionali del Sud Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare(LNS-INFN)CataniaItaly ENEA Fusion and Technologies for Nuclear Safety and Security Department-CFrascatiItaly Centro de Láseres Pulsados(clpu) VillamayorSpain Universidad de Salamanca SalamancaSpain Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications(CELIA) Universitéde BordeauxCNRSCEATalenceFrance hb11 energy holdings pty FreshwaterNew South WalesAustralia School of Mathematics and Physics Queen’s University BelfastBelfastUnited Kingdom Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia“E.Majorana ”Università di CataniaCataniaItaly Facoltàdi Ingegneria e Architettura Universitàdegli Studi di Enna“Kore”EnnaItaly Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale Universitàdi Roma“Tor Vergata”RomaItaly Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia Universitàdegli Studi di PerugiaPerugiaItaly Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di PerugiaPerugiaItaly ELI Beamlines Facility the Extreme Light Infrastructure ERICDolni BrezanyCzech Republic ETSIA Universidad Politécnica de MadridMadridSpain Dipartimento Fisica “E.Fermi”Universitàdi Pisa and INFNPisaItaly FZU–Institute of Physics of Czech Academy of Sciences PragueCzech Republic Institute of Plasma Physics of Czech Academy of Sciences PragueCzech Republic

The discovery of chirped pulse amplification has led to great improvements in laser technology,enabling energetic laser beams to be compressed to pulse durations of tens of femtoseconds and focused to a few micrometers.Protons with energies of tens of MeV can be accelerated using,for instance,target normal sheath acceleration and focused on secondary targets.Under such conditions,nuclear reactions can occur,with the production of radioisotopes suitable for medical application.The use of high-repetition lasers to produce such isotopes is competitive with conventional methods mostly based on accelerators.In this paper,we study the production of^(67)Cu,^(63)Zn,^(18)F,and^(11)C,which are currently used in positron emission tomography and other applications.At the same time,we study the reactions^(10)B(p,α)^(7)Be and^(70)Zn(p,4n)^(67)Ga to put further constraints on the proton distributions at different angles,as well as the reaction^(11)B(p,α)^(8)Be relevant for energy production.The experiment was performed at the 1 PW laser facility at VegaⅢin Salamanca,Spain.Angular distributions of radioisotopes in the forward(with respect to the laser direction)and backward directions were measured using a high purity germanium detector.Our results are in reasonable agreement with numerical estimates obtained following the approach of Kimura and Bonasera[Nucl.Instrum.Methods Phys.Res.,Sect.A 637,164–170(2011)].

关键词： purity estimates backward

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First Option for Fusion with CPA-Laser Pulses instead of Thermal Pressures with Dozens of Million Degrees Temperature for Laser-Boron-Fusion

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Journal of energy and Power Engineering 2019年第3期13卷 116-123页

作者： Heinrich Hora Gotz J.Kirchhoff Warren R.McKenzie Jan Kirchhoff Department of Theoretical Physics University of NSWSydney 2096Australia hb11 energy pty.Ltd FreshwaterSydney 2096Australia

To avoid the > 50 million degree temperatures in pressures for fusion,the goal has now been reached that higher pressures from picosecond CPA-laser pulses of more than 10 PW power can ignite nuclear fusion at modest temperatures in a power reactor for generating electricity.Gerard Mourou,who was honoured with the 2018 Physics Nobel Prize,was involved to solve this crucial problem of fusion energy with the reactor design as co-authors(Hora,H.,Korn,G.,Giuffrida,L.,Margarone,D.,Picciotto,A.,Krasa,J.,Jungwirth,K.,Ullschmied,J.,Lalousis,P.,Eliezer,S.,Miley,G.H.,Moustaizis,S.,and Mourou,G.,Laser and Particle Beams 33,2015:607)using the CPA Chirped Pulse Amplification.

关键词： Ignition of nuclear fusion clean nuclear power stations ultra-extreme CPA-laser pulses

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Extreme CPA Laser Pulses for Igniting Nuclear Fusion of Hydrogen with Boron-11 by Non-thermal Pressures for Avoiding Ultrahigh Temperatures

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Journal of energy and Power Engineering 2020年第5期14卷 156-177页

作者： Heinrich Hora Department of Theoretical Physics University of New South WalesSydney 2052Australia hb11 energy Holding pty/Ltd Freshwater 2096Australia

Ten million times more compact energy than from burning carbon can be obtained from nuclear fusion reactions corresponding to equilibrium temperature reactions in the range above 100 million degrees.Following the energy gain in stars,one has to gain nuclear energy from slamming very light nuclei where however the extremely high temperatures above 100 million degrees are needed for the sufficient pressures at thermal equilibrium ignition.A radically new option works with non-thermal pressures of picosecond laser pulses at ultrahigh optical powers by nonlinear forces of ponderomotion.The nuclear fusion of hydrogen with the isotope 11 of boron produces primarily harmless helium and has no problems with dangerous radioactive waste and excludes any catastrophic melt-down as fission reactors,it has the potential to be of low costs and can supply the Earth for more than 10,000 years with electricity.

关键词： Laser boron fusion non-thermal ignition plasma block acceleration CPA pulses

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Inhomogeneous Dielectric Target Properties for Increased Non-thermal Pressure in Laser Boron Fusion by CPA-Pulses

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Journal of energy and Power Engineering 2020年第8期14卷 273-278页

作者： Heinrich Hora Warren McKenzie University of New South Wales Sydney 2052Australia hb11 Holding pty.Ltd. Freshwater 2096Australia

Based on the documentation of the invited paper and the subsequent discussion at a virtual conference,discoveries are indicated,which are summarized in the following paper for further evaluation on the topic of non-thermal forces using terms of extremely powerful components of Maxwell’s stress tensor at the interaction of CPA(chirped pulse amplification)laser pulses in the fusion plasmas of hydrogen with the isotope 11 of boron.This is caused by a recoil mechanism given by the Fresnel formulas of the suppression of the reflectivity of inhomogeneous plasma given by optical constants of the plasma properties.

关键词： Clean nuclear fusion of hydrogen H with 11B Fresnel formulas for inhomogeneous plasmas optical constants in plasmas excluding unnecessary temperatures of hundred million degrees for thermal fusion pressures by non-thermal pressured from extreme laser pulses CPA of ultra-extremely short pulses

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Microbiologically influenced corrosion of cable bolts in underground coal mines:The effect of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2021年第3期31卷 357-363页

作者： H.Chen O.Kimyon H.Lamei Ramandi M.Manefield A.H.Kaksonen C.Morris A.Crosky S.Saydam School of Materials Science and Engineering UNSW SydneyNSW 2052Australia School of Chemical Engineering UNSW SydneyNSW 2052Australia School of Minerals and energy Resources Engineering UNSW SydneyNSW 2052Australia CSIRO Land and Water FloreatWA 6014Australia

Reports on corrosion failure of cable bolts,used in mining and civil industries,have been increasing in the past two decades.The previous studies found that pitting corrosion on the surface of a cable bolt can initiate premature failure of the bolt.In this study,the role of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans(A.ferrooxidans)bacterium in the occurrence of pitting corrosion in cable bolts was studied.Stressed coupons,made from the wires of cable bolts,were immersed in testing bottles containing groundwater collected from an underground coal mine and a mixture of A.ferrooxidans and geomaterials.It was observed that A.ferrooxidans caused pitting corrosion on the surface of cable bolts in the near-neutral environment.The presence of geomaterials slightly affected the p H of the environment;however,it did not have any significant influence on the corrosion activity of A.ferrooxidans.This study suggests that the common bacterium A.ferrooxidans found in many underground environments can be a threat to cable bolts'integrity by creating initiation points for other catastrophic failures such as stress corrosion cracking.

关键词： Cable bolt failure Microbiologically influenced corrosion Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans

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