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Mixture temperature prediction of waxy oil–water two-phase system flowing near wax appearance temperature

Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2016年第6期24卷 795-802页

作者： Ali Piroozian Muhammad A. Manan Issham Ismail Rahmat Mohsin Ali Esfandyari Bayat Mac DarlingtonUche Onuoha Mahmoud Hemmati Department of Petroleum Engineering Faculty of Petroleum and Renewable Energy Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor 81310 Malaysia Malaysia Petroleum Resources Corporation (UTM-MPRC) Institute for oil and gas Universiti Teknologi MalaysiaJohor 81310 Malaysia ffshore oil and gas research center College of Mechanical and Oil/Gas Transportation Engineering China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China

Temperature sensitivity of waxy crude oils makes it difficult to study their flow behaviour in the presence of water especially near their wax appearance temperature （WAT）. In this study a method was proposed and implemented to mitigate such difficulties which was applied in predicting mixture temperatures （Tin） of a typical Malaysian waxy crude oil and water flow in a horizontal pipe. To this end, two analytical models were derived firstly from calorimetry equation which based on developed two correlations for defining crude oil heat capacity actualized from the existed specific heat capacities of crude oils. The models were then applied for a set of experiments to reach the defined three predetermined Tm （26 ℃, 28 ℃ and 30 ℃）. The comparison between the predicted mixture temperatures （Tin,1 and Tin,2） from the two models and the experimental results displayed acceptable absolute average errors （0.80% 0.62%, 0.53% for model 1; 0,74%, 0.54%, 0.52% for model 2）. Moreover, the average errors for both models are in the range of standard error limits （4-0,75Z） according to ASTM E230. Conclusively, the proposed model showed the ease of obtaining mixture temperatures close to WAT as predetermined with accuracy of ± 0.5 ℃approximately for over 84% of the examined cases. The method is seen as a practical reference point to further study the flow behaviour of waxy crudes in oil-water two-phase flow system near sensitive temperatures.

关键词： Mixture temperature predictionAnalytical modelWaxy oil-water two-phase flowWax appearance temperature

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A Singular Perturbation Method for Parametric Investigation on J-lay Installation of Deepwater Pipelines

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China Ocean Engineering 2013年第6期27卷 751-766页

作者：王琴段梦兰李海明张庆元 Offshore oil/gas research center China University of Petroleum China National Offshore oil Corporation

The maximum bending moment or curvature in the neighborhood of the touch down point （TDP） and the maximum tension at the top are two key parameters to be controlled during deepwater J-lay installation in order to ensure the safety of the pipe-laying operation and the normal operation of the pipelines. In this paper, the non-linear governing differential equation for getting the two parameters during J-lay installation is proposed and solved by use of singular perturbation technique, from which the asymptotic expression of stiffened catenary is obtained and the theoretical expression of its static geometric configuration as well as axial tension and bending moment is derived. Finite element results are applied to verify this method. Parametric investigation is conducted to analyze the influences of the seabed slope, unit weight, flexural stiffness, water depth, and the pipe-laying tower angle on the maximum tension and moment of pipeline by this method, and the results show how to control the installation process by changing individual parameters.

关键词： deepwater touch down point singular perturbation technique non-linear governing differential equation J-lay of pipeline geometric nonlinearity stiffened catenary

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Volcanic Facies and Their Reservoirs Characteristics in Eastern China Basins

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Journal of Earth Science 2013年第6期24卷 935-946页

作者：金春爽潘雯丽乔德武 oil & gas Survey China Geological Survey research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development PetroChina Strategic research center of oil & gas Resources Ministry of Land & Resources

In these years, with more and more volcanic oil and gas fields being discovered and de- veloped, the volcanic rocks reveal a great petroleum potential in the eastern basins of China. There are five volcanic facies identified in the study area, which include volcanic conduit facies, explosive facies, effusive facies, extrusive facies, and volcanogenic sedimentary facies. The subaerial eruption usually happened in Mesozoic and Paleocene, and subaquatic eruption in Eocene. The upper subfacies and top autoclastic brecciation of effusive facies of subaquatic volcanic rocks and pyroclastic flow subfacies of explosive facies of subaerial volcanic rocks are the most favorable volcanic reservoirs. The intermittent belt formed between two times of volcanic eruptions is most effective for reservoirs both in subaquatic and subaerial volcanic rocks. Their main porosity types are interclast porosity, interflow laminar po- rosity, vesicular and gas pipes porosity, intercrystalline sieve of moldic porosity, secondary dissolution porosity, and tectonic fracture. Developed between pre-emplacement stage and final cooling, the pri- mary porosity may lead to high porosity and permeability, and the secondary porosity usually devel- oped upon them. The porosity of volcanic rocks was less influenced by the compaction and the burial depth.

关键词： volcanic facies volcanic reservoir porosity eastern China.

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Strength Design Method for Tubing Hanger of Subsea Christmas Tree Against Big Temperature Difference

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China Ocean Engineering 2014年第5期28卷 659-670页

作者：罗晓兰谷玉洪刘昌领秦蕊赵宏林段梦兰 Offshore oil and gas research center China University of Petroleum Kingdream Public Limited Company CNOOC research Institute

The tubing hanger is an important component of the subsea Christmas tree, experiencing big temperature difference which will lead to very high thermal stresses. On the basis of API 17D/ISO 13628-4 and ASME VIII-1, and by comprehensively considering the erosion of oil and the gravity load of the tubing, a calculation model is established by regarding design pressure and thermal stress, and the method for designing the tubing hanger of the horizontal Christmas tree under big temperature difference condition is developed from the fourth strength theory. The proposed theory for strength design of the tubing hanger in big temperature difference is verified by numerical results from ABAQUS.

关键词： horizontal Christmas tree tubing hanger big temperature difference comprehensive stress strength design

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Reliability analysis of marine risers with narrow and long corrosion defects under combined loads

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Petroleum Science 2014年第1期11卷 139-146页

作者： Hu Xianwei Zhou Canfeng Duan Menglan An Chen Offshore oil and gas research center China University of Petroleum China National oil & gas Exploration and Development Corporation research center of Energy Engineering Advanced Joining Technology Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology

A marine riser,one of the most important components of offshore oil/gas transportation,needs to be designed to eliminate the risks caused by complex ocean environments,platform displacement and internal corrosion,*** this study,a new analytical-numerical assessment approach is proposed in order to quantitatively investigate the reliability of internally corroded risers under combined loads including axial tension and internal ***,an analytical solution of the limit state function of intact risers under combined loads is obtained,which is further modified by the non-dimensional corrosion depth （d/ t） for the risers with a narrow and long corrosion *** relationship between d/t and limited internal pressure is obtained by finite element analysis and nonlinear *** an advanced first-order reliability method （HL-RF） algorithm,reliability analysis is performed to obtain the failure probability,the reliability index and the *** results are further verified by Monte-Carlo importance *** proposed approach of reliability analysis provides an accurate and effective way to estimate the reliability of marine risers with narrow and long corrosion defects under combined loads.

关键词： Marine riser corrosion defect combined loads reliability calculation reliability verification

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Insights in hydrodynamics of bubbling fluidized beds at elevated pressure by DEM-CFD approach

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Particuology 2010年第5期8卷 407-414页

作者： Zahra Mansourpour Sedighe Karimi Reza Zarghami Navid Mostoufi Rahmat Sotudeh-Gharebagh Process Design and Simulation research center Oil and Gas Centre of ExcellenceSchool of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Tehran

A numerical simulation was conducted to study the effect of pressure on bubble dynamics in a gas-solid fluidized bed. The gas flow was modeled using the continuum theory and the solid phase, by the discrete element method （DEM）. To validate the simulation results, calculated local pressure fluctuations were compared with corresponding experimental data of 1-mm polyethylene particles. It was shown that the model successfully predicts the hydrodynamic features of the fluidized bed as observed in the experiments. Influence of pressure on bubble rise characteristics such as bubble rise path, bubble stability, average bubbles diameter and bubble velocity through the bed was investigated. The simulation results are in conformity with current hydrodynamic theories and concepts for fluidized beds at high pressures. The results show further that elevated pressure reduces bubble growth, velocity and stability and enhances bubble gyration through the bed, leading to change in bed flow structure.

关键词： Fluidized bedDiscrete element methodComputational fluid dynamicBubbleElevated pressurePressure fluctuations

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Use of Different Mooring Models on Global Response Analysis of an Innovative Deep Draft Platform

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2014年第2期13卷 215-222页

作者： QIAO Dongsheng LI Binbin OU Jinping Deepwater Engineering research center Dalian University of Technology Regional oil & gas Offshore center

The global responses of an innovative deep draft platform are investigated using catenary, semi-taut, and taut mooring models, respectively. The three mooring systems have the same arrangements and similar static restoring force characteristics. The dynamic coupling effects between the platform and the mooring systems are calculated in the time domain. Free-decay and 3-h simulations are conducted under 1-year and 100-year return period environmental conditions in the South China Sea. The mooring damping contributions, the response characteristics, and the mooring line tensions are investigated.

关键词： spar mooring system coupled analysis response tension

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Controlling Factors on Organic Matter Accumulation of Marine Shale across the Ordovician–Silurian Transition in South China: Constraints from Trace-Element Geochemistry

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Journal of Earth Science 2021年第4期32卷 887-900页

作者： Zhen Qiu Huifei Tao Bin Lu Zhenhong Chen Songtao Wu Hanlin Liu Junli Qiu research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development CNPCBeijing 100083China National Energy Shale gas research and Development(Experiment)center Langfang 065007China oil and gas research center Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China Key Laboratory of oil and gas Reservoirs CNPCBeijing 100083China National Energy Tight oil and gas R&D center Beijing 100083China Institute of oil and gas Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China

In recent years,significant progress in shale gas exploration has been achieved in the Upper Ordovician(Wufeng Formation)–Lower Silurian(Longmaxi Formation)shales in the Upper Yangtze area,South *** many studies have been carried out on the Upper Ordovician–Lower Silurian shales,the controlling factors causing organic matter accumulation of these shales remain *** study uses trace-element geochemistry and sedimentological methods to evaluate terrigenous input,redox conditions and primary productivity to explore the mechanisms of organic matter *** variation of terrigenous fraction elements(Al,Th and Sc)concentrations reflect a mixed influence of sea-level change and *** sea-level of the Upper Yangtze Sea went through two cycles of transgression to regression during the Ordovician–Silurian *** Linxiang Formation,Kuanyinchiao Bed and the upper part of Longmaxi Formation developed during the periods of regression,whereas the Wufeng Formation and the lower part of the Longmaxi Formation developed during the periods of *** paleo-productivity indexes of TOC content,ratios of Ba/Al and P/Al,and redox conditions proxies of Mo concentration,ratios of U/Th and V/Cr generally display similar variation patterns with respect to the sea-level *** TOC contents and Ba/Al and P/Al ratios indicate the paleo-productivity was high on the sea surface,as shown by relatively good positive correlations between Th ***,and Sc *** indicates that the paleo-productivity was controlled by the nutrients input through *** good positive correlations between redox conditions indexes(U/Th and V/Cr ratios)with TOC content reflects reductive preservation conditions(anoxic to euxinic),thus implying they were an important controlling factor for organic matter ***,redox conditions were closely associated with sea level change and organic matter ***,the sea-lev

关键词： productivity redox sea-level change shale gas Sichuan Basin Wufeng-Longmaxi shale

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Application of Epoxy Coatings to Increase the Efficiency of Wax oils Production

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2022年第5期18卷 1229-1241页

作者： Ilushin Pavel Vyatkin Kirill Anton Kozlov Scientific and Educational center of Geology and Development of oil and gas Fields Department of Oil and Gas TechnologiesPerm National Research Polytechnic UniversityPerm614000Russia

When producing hydrocarbons,an important task relates to the optimization of the stock of the producing *** main complications for wells in non-working mode are represented by the formation of asphalt-resinparaffin *** issue is one of the most common problems in the production and transportation of oil.A promising method to deal with these deposits is the application of smooth coatings made of epoxy polymers on the inner surface of the production well *** this work,a number of laboratory studies were carried out on the“Cold Finger”installation to assess the effectiveness of this *** laboratory studies have shown that the efficiency related to smooth coatings is 27%while the resulting thermal conductivity ranges from 0.259 to 0.279 W/(m°C).These results demonstrate that this technology can reduce the amount of organic deposits and increase the temperature of oil.

关键词： Wax deposits smooth coatings production tubing well

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The petrological characteristics and signif icance of organic-rich shale in the Chang 7 member of the Yanchang Formation,south margin of the Ordos basin,central China

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Petroleum Science 2019年第6期16卷 1255-1269页

作者： Sen Li Ru-Kai Zhu Jing-Wei Cui Zhong Luo Jing-Gang Cui Han Liu Wei-Qiang Li research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development Beijing 100083China Tight oil and gas research center of National Energy Beijing 100083China Key Lab of oil and gas Reservoir of PetroChina Beijing 100083China

The organic-rich shale of the Chang 7 member is the most important source rock in the Ordos *** sedimentary environment and the controlling factors of organic matter enrichment,however,are still in *** this investigation,the Yishicun outcrop,located on the south margin of the Ordos basin,has been considered for the study.X-ray diffraction,polarizing microscopy,field emission scanning electron microscopy and cathodoluminescence(CL)were used to investigate the petrological features of the organic-rich *** content of volcanic ash and the diameter of pyrite framboid pseudocrystals were measured to illustrate the relationship between oxygen level,ash content and the enrichment of organic *** has been found that the diameter of pyrite framboid pseudocrystals has a strong correlation with the total organic carbon,demonstrating that the redox status degree of the water column has a positive impact on the enrichment of organic ***,with an increase in the ash content,the content of organic matter increased at first and then decreased,and reached a maximum when the ash content was about 6%,illustrating that the ash input has a double effect on the enrichment of organic matter.

关键词： Organic-rich shale Volcanic ash Framboidal pyrite pseudocrystal Chang 7 member Ordos basin

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