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Assessing Financial Management Practices and Accounting Mechanisms in Agricultural Cooperatives:A Case Study From Nepal

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Management Studies 2024年第3期12卷 146-171页

作者： Chiranjeewee Khadka Ghanshyam Pandey Arbin Poudel Eva Cudnilova Global Change Research Institute CAS BrnoCzech Republic University of South Bohemia ČeskéBudějoviceCzech Republic Pokhara Campus PokharaNepal Green Foundation Nepal KathmanduNepal

The study focuses on assessing the financial management practices and accounting mechanisms in agricultural cooperatives in Tulsipur Sub-Metropolitan,Dang District,Nepal with a focus on understanding their implications for financial performance and organizational *** sample size of total cooperatives(n=46)was divided into Savings and Credit Cooperatives(n=18)and Multipurpose Cooperatives(n=28),respectively,with a total number of respondents(n=138)categorized into managing directors,employees,and general *** a mixed-methods approach that combines quantitative analysis of financial data with qualitative insights gathered through interviews and surveys,the study emphasizes the importance of modern financial practices,improved reporting mechanisms,and relevant staff training for long-term *** include the integration of criteria and evaluation tools to assess cooperative performance,with Hamro Pahunch Multipurpose Cooperative identified as a high *** the need for robust financial management strategies to navigate the complexity of the agricultural sector,manage risks,and achieve sustainable development,the study notes frequent preparation of financial management reports on a monthly and annual basis,and predominantly annual accounting *** cooperatives are using computerized models to present financial positions,but face challenges such as lack of marketing infrastructure,cooperative skills,and technical ***,the study advocates for educating policy makers,cooperative leaders,practitioners and stakeholders on the role of effective financial management and accounting in enhancing the resilience,expansion and socio-economic impact of agricultural cooperatives,thereby fostering their long-term prosperity and viability as drivers of rural development and empowerment.

关键词： accounting mechanisms agricultural cooperatives financial management evaluation criteria and performance transparency

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Behavioral flexibility and novel environments:integrating currentpers pectives for future directions

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Current Zoology 2024年第3期70卷 304-309页

作者： Valeria Mazza Vedrana Šlipogor Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences University of TusciaLargo dell'Università101100 ViterboItaly Ichthyogenic Experimental Marine Centre(CISMAR) LocalitàLe Saline snc01016 TarquiniaItaly Department of Zoology University of South BohemiaBranišovská176037005ČeskéBudějoviceCzech Republic Department of Ecology and Evolution University of LausanneQuartier UNIL-SorgeBâtiment BiophoreCH-1015 LausanneSwitzerland The Sense–Innovation and Research Center Lausanne&Sion Avenue de Provence 821007 LausanneSwitzerland

Individuals in the process of encountering a novel environment face several new selective pressures that can lead to changes in phenotypes,which provides an exciting opportunity to study microevolutionary *** novelty encompasses a variety of changes in the socioecological world of an individual,as well as situations for which animals lack eco-evolutionary experience(e.g.,Saul et al.2013;Heger et al.2019).

关键词： environments evolutionary processes

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Simple Traits among Diaspore Weight/Number,Plant Height and Ability of Vegetative Propagation

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2008年第12期50卷 1563-1569页

作者： Bozena erá Institute of Systems Biology and Ecology Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republiceské Budějovice 37005

Several expected correlations among followed internal plant traits were confirmed using the dataset of 492 herbaceous species from the temporal zone of Central Europe. Average diaspore weight （seed mass）, reproductive capacity of population （number of produced diaspores）, species height, and ability of lateral spread were the plant traits considered. The evident correlations were confirmed among all investigated traits：（i） The reproductive capacity of population negatively correlated with diaspore weight, plant height, and vegetative propagation. The diaspore weight and their number are closely correlated and co-adapted. （ii） Bigger plant species produce bigger diaspores. These trends are obvious at the inter- and intra-family levels. （iii） Larger plant species showed higher ability to vegetative propagation.

关键词： comparison lateral spread reproduction seed production seed weight strategy trade-off.

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Behavioral type,in interaction with body size,affects the recapture rate of brown trout Salmo trutta juveniles in their nursery stream

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Integrative Zoology 2018年第5期13卷 604-611页

作者： Joacim NÄSLUND Niklas WENGSTRÖM Fredrik WAHLQVIST David ALDVÉN LiborZÁVORKA Johan HÖJESJÖ Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden Department of Ecosystem Biology University of South Bohemia inČeskéBudějoviceČeskéBudějoviceCzech Republic Swedish Anglers Association GothenburgSweden

Movement activity levels of wild animals often differ consistently among individuals,reflecting different behavioral *** studies have shown that laboratory-scored activity can predict several ecologically relevant *** an experiment on wild brown trout Salmo trutta,spanning from June to October,we investigated how spring swimming activity,measured in a standardized laboratory test,related to relative recapture probability in *** on laboratory activity scores,individuals clustered into 2 groups,which showed contrasting patterns in the size-dependency of their recapture *** had a slightly positive effect on recapture probability for passive fish but a clear negative effect on active *** results show that the population structure in a cohort,in terms of relative proportions of behavioral types in different size classes,can vary over *** results of this study could depend on either selective mortality or ***,selective disappearance of individuals with specific phenotypes,regardless of the mechanism,will have implications for trout population management,such as stocking efficiency of hatchery fish with high growth rates or maintenance of fishways past migration barriers.

关键词： animal personality freshwater fish recapture rate Salmonidae size-dependency

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Germination of Chenopodium Album in Response to Microwave Plasma Treatment

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Plasma Science and Technology 2008年第4期10卷 506-511页

作者： Bo■ena ER Vitězslav STRA■K Michal ER■ Milan TICH■ Petr PATENKA Institute of Systems Biology and Ecology Academy of Sciences of the Czech RepublicNa Sádkách 7CZ-370 05eské BudějoviceCzech Republic University of South Bohemia in eské budějovice Department of PhysicsJeronymova 10CZ-371 15 eské BudějoviceCzech Republic Charles University in Prague Faculty of Mathematics and PhysicsV Holeovikách 2CZ-180 00 Praha 8Czech Republic University of South Bohemia in eské budějovice Department of PhysicsJeronymova 10 CZ-371 15 eské BudějoviceCzech Republic Technical University of LiberecDepartment of Material SciencesHáIkova 6CZ-461 17 Liberec iCzech Republic

The seeds of Lamb＇s Quarters （Chenopodium album agg.） were stimulated by low- pressure discharge. The tested seeds were exposed to plasma discharge for different time durations （from 6 minutes to 48 minutes）. Germination tests were performed under specified laboratory conditions during seven days in five identical and completely independent experiments. Significant differences between the control and plasma-treated seeds were observed. The treated seeds showed structural changes on the surface of the seat coat. They germinated faster and their sprout accretion on the first day of seed germination was longer. Germination rate for the untreated seeds was 15% while it increased approximately three times （max 55%） for seeds treated by plasma from 12 minutes to 48 minutes.

关键词： early growth germination Lamb's Quarters seed enhancement stimulation surfatron discharge

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Behaviour of cranes(family Gruidae)mirrors their phylogenetic relationships

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Avian Research 2021年第3期12卷 285-295页

作者： Nela Nováková Jan Robovský Faculty of Science University of South BohemiaBranišovská176037005ČeskéBudějoviceCzechia

Background:The behavioural repertoire of every species evolved over time and its evolution can be traced through the phylogenetic relationships in distinct ***(family Gruidae)represent a small,old,monophyletic group with well-corroborated phylogenetic relationships on the species level,and at the same time they exhibit a complex and well-described behavioural ***:We therefore investigated the evolution of behavioural traits of cranes in a phylogenetic context using several phylogenetic approaches and two types of trait *** cranes exhibit more than a hundred behavioural displays,almost one third of which may be phylogenetically ***:More than half of the analysed traits carry a significant phylogenetic *** ancestor of cranes already exhibited a quite complex behavioural repertoire,which remained unchanged in Balearicinae but altered greatly in Gruinae,specifically by the shedding of traits rather than their *** scoring has an influence on results within the Gruinae,primarily in genera Bugeranus and ***:Albeit the behavioural traits alone cannot be used for resolving species-level relationships within the Gruidae,when optimized on molecular tree,they can help us to detect interesting evolutionary transformations of behaviour repertoire within *** Limpkin(Aramus guarauna)seems to be the most enigmatic species and should be studied in detail for its behavioural repertoire,which may include some precursors of crane behavioural traits.

关键词： Ancestral behavioural repertoire Evolution Phylogenetic signal

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Roles of species-preferential seed dispersal by ants and endozoochory in Melampyrum(Orobanchaceae)

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2013年第3期6卷 232-239页

作者： Jan Chlumský Petr Koutecký Veronika Jílková Milan Štech University of South Bohemia Faculty of ScienceBranišovská3137005ČeskéBudějoviceCzech Republic

Aims Melampyrum pratense and *** are two myrmeco-chorous species,which possess similar habitat requirements and frequently occur *** this,their population sizes differ *** pratense populations are usually very large,whereas *** has rather small and isolated *** suggest that such an imbalance might be partially influenced by the difference in ant-mediated seed-removal *** Melampyrum is considered to be exclusively myrme-cochorous,though to achieve the recent distribution of some Melampyrum species during the Holocene myrmecochory would be highly *** suggest that endozoochory takes place in the long-distance migration,whereas myrmecochory is important for the removal of seeds on a local *** For seed-preference analysis,*** and *** mixed seed samples were placed around Formica polyctena *** a period of time,the remaining seeds of both species were counted for each *** results were analysed by analysis of variance and generalized linear mixed-effect *** test myrmecochorous removal distances,*** seeds were covered with fluorescent dactyloscopic powder and placed in the vicinity of a large ant *** area around the starting plot was searched in the dark using uV lED torchlight 7 h after the *** distance from the starting plot was measured for each seed ***,rodents,leporine and a ruminant were fed with *** seeds and fresh plants to test the possibility of endozoochorous dispersal of the *** droppings were searched for intact *** Findingsour field studies show that from mixed seed samples,containing both species,ants significantly preferred the seeds of *** may be one of factors that has positive influence on ***-ense success in seed dispersal on mixed stands and consequently in the colonization of favourable *** focusing on ant-mediated dispersal distance reveal

关键词： endozoochory Melampyrum myrmecochory Orobanchaceae seed dispersal

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Effects of no mating on the female adults and embryonic development of Schistocerca gregaria (Orthoptera: Acrididae)

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2013年第26期58卷 3244-3247页

作者： WANG FangHai SEHNAL Frantiek Institute of Entomology & State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol Sun Yat-sen University Institute of Entomology Academy of SciencesBranisovská 31 370 11 eské Budějovice Czech Republic

The newly emerged adult females of Schistocerca gregaria were separated and kept in the rearing conditions without males to examine the detailed developmental characteristic of the no mating females and carefully observed the developmental progress of non-fertilised eggs laid by virgin females. The results showed that the females kept without males survived in average 43 d, i.e. 58% of the life span of mated controls, and laid correspondingly fewer egg pods. The size of egg batches, the weight of eggs, and their content of ecdysteroids were normal but the hatch rate was reduced to 18.27%. Blocks of early embryogenesis (58.43%) and hatching failures (23.29%) were the major causes of death. Moreover, most of the hatched insects died during the postembryonic development and only a few females reached the adult stage. All insects that developed until the penultimate or last larval instar or reached the adult stage were females.

关键词：胚胎发育女性交配沙漠直翅目孵化率降低蝗科成人

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Taxonomy and phylogeny of the brown-rot fungi:Fomitopsis and its related genera

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Fungal Diversity 2016年第5期80卷 343-373页

作者： Mei-Ling Han Yuan-Yuan Chen Lu-Lu Shen Jie Song Josef Vlasák Yu-Cheng Dai Bao-Kai Cui Institute of Microbiology Beijing Forestry UniversityP.O.Box 61Beijing 100083China Biology Centre of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic ČeskéBudějoviceCzech Republic

Taxonomic and phylogenetic studies on the brown-rot fungi,Fomitopsis and its related genera,are carried *** the basis of morphological characters and phylogenetic evidence of DNA sequences of multiple loci including the internal transcribed spacer(ITS)regions,the large subunit nuclear ribosomal RNA gene(nLSU),the small subunit nuclear ribosomal RNA gene(nSSU),the small subunit mitochondrial rRNA gene sequences(mtSSU),the translation elongation factor 1-αgene(tef1)and the second subunit of RNA polymerase II(rpb2),six new genera,Fragifomes,Niveoporofomes,Piptoporellus,Rhodofomitopsis,Rubellofomes and Ungulidaedalea are *** new species,Buglossoporus eucalypticola,Daedalea allantoidea,Piptoporellus hainanensis and *** are descibed from *** descriptions of the novel species are *** keys to Fomitopsis and its related genera,as well as keys to the species of each genus are provided.

关键词： Fomitopsidaceae Multi-marker analysis Phylogeny Polypore Systematics

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The neglect of nonnative orthopterans as potential invaders:A call for awareness

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Insect Science 2024年第4期31卷 994-1000页

作者： Anna K.Kulessa Paride Balzani Ismael Soto Antonín Kouba David Renault Ali Serhan Tarkan Phillip J.Haubrock Ruhr University Bochum Faculty of Biology and BiotechnologyBochumGermany Faculty of Biology University of Duisburg-EssenUniversitätsstraße 5EssenGermany Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of HydrocenosesUniversity of South Bohemia in CˇeskéBudeˇjoviceVodnˇanyCzech Republic University of Rennes CNRSECOBIO(EcosystèmesBiodiversitéEvolution)UMRRennesFrance Faculty of Fisheries Department of Basic SciencesMu˘gla SıtkıKoçman UniversityMu˘glaTurkey Department of Life and Environmental Sciences Bournemouth UniversityPooleDorsetUK Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection Department of Ecology and Vertebrate ZoologyUniversity ofŁodzŁodzPoland Department of River Ecology and Conservation Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum FrankfurtGelnhausenGermany Center for Applied Mathematics and Bioinformatics Gulf University for Science and TechnologyMubarak Al-AbdullahKuwait

Despite the potential ecological and economic impacts of invasive species,there is a dearth of data on the presence,impacts,and management implications of potentially invasive Orthoptera *** lack of research and inconsistent data,including risk screenings and impact assessments,is especially evident in ***,assessing the status,distribution,and potential threats of nonnative Orthoptera in Europe remains challenging,impeding the development of effective management *** address this gap,we call for increased efforts to collect and curate data on non-native and possibly invasive Orthoptera in *** efforts will improve our understanding of this order’s invasion dynamics,facilitate the identification of priority areas for conservation,and support the development of effective management policies and preventive measures.

关键词： costs cricket damages grasshopper impact research

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