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Altering alkyl-chains branching positions for boosting the performance of small-molecule acceptors for highly efficient nonfullerene organic solar cells

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Science China Chemistry 2020年第3期63卷 361-369页

作者： Zhenghui Luo Rui Sun Cheng Zhong Tao Liu Guangye Zhang Yang Zou Xuechen Jiao Jie Min Chuluo Yang Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology College of Materials Science and EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials Department of ChemistryWuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China The Institute for Advanced Studies Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China eFlexPV Limited(China) ShenzhenChina Department of Materials Science and Engineering Monash UniversityVictoriaAustralia

The emergence of the latest generation of small-molecule acceptor(SMA)materials,with Y6 as a typical example,accounts for the surge in device performance for organic solar cells(OSCs).This study proposes two new acceptors named Y6-C2 and Y6-C3,from judicious alteration of alkyl-chains branching positions away from the Y6 backbone.Compared to the Y6,the Y6-C2 exhibits similar optical and electrochemical properties,but better molecular packing and enhanced crystallinity.In contrast,the Y6-C3 shows a significant blue-shift absorption in the solid state relative to the Y6 and Y6-C2.The as-cast PM6:Y6-C2-based OSC yields a higher power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 15.89%than those based on the Y6(15.24%)and Y6-C3(13.76%),representing the highest known value for as-cast nonfullerene OSCs.Prominently,the Y6-C2 displays a good compatibility with the PC71BM.Therefore,a ternary OSC device based on PM6:Y6-C2:PC71BM(1.0:1.0:0.2)was produced,and it exhibits an outstanding PCE of 17.06%and an impressive fill factor(FF)of 0.772.Our results improve understanding of the structureproperty relationship for state-of-the-art SMAs and demonstrate that modulating the structure of SMAs via fine-tuning of alkylchains branching positions is an effective method to enhance their performance.

关键词： alkyl-chain branching position small molecular acceptor organic solar cell power conversion efficiency fill factor

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Toxic medicine used in Traditional Chinese Medicine for cancer treatment: are ion channels involved?

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2022年第6期42卷 1019-1022页

作者： LIU Hengrui Biocomma limited Shenzhen 518000China

Cancer has been one of the most serious public health issues in the world. Traditional medicines are widely used in adjunctive therapies in clinical cancer treatment in many countries. One of the unique traditional medicine usages in tumor treatment is the high-dose application of traditional toxin medicine, including venom or body from toxin animals. Evidence has shown that they are very likely to have direct effects on cancer cells. One of the potential pharmacological effects of traditional toxin medicines is their regulation of ion channels in cancers. Many ion channels are found critical in cancers. This study suggested that ion channels were involved in the effect of traditional toxin medicine on cancers. However, so far, the study of the effect of traditional toxin medicine on ion channels in cancers is relatively lacking. This perspective article urged the study in this field because, given the fact that these traditional toxin traditional medicines have been widely used in cancer treatment, the identification of the effective components and pharmacological targets can improve their clinical application.

关键词： neoplasms ion channels venoms toxin medicine traditional

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Unfolded p53 in non-neuronal cells supports bacterial etiology of Alzheimer’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第12期17卷 2619-2622页

作者： Peter W.French Innlanz limited SydneyNSWAustralia

Alzheimer’s disease has proven to be largely intractable to treatment,despite years of research,and numerous trials of therapies that target the hallmarks of the disease-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles.The etiology of Alzheimer’s disease remains elusive.There is a growing body of evidence for an infectious trigger of Alzheimer’s disease,and,in particular,the focus has been on the oral pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis(P.gingivalis).Reports of the expression of a misfolded form of p53 in non-neuronal cells(fibroblasts,peripheral blood mononuclear cells,and B cells)and serum,which appears several years before clinical symptoms manifest,may provide further support for the role of bacteria in general,and P.gingivalis in particular,in the initiation of the disease.This review presents a model of the pathway from initial oral infection with P.gingivalis to amyloid plaque formation and neuronal degeneration,via the steps of chronic periodontitis;secretion of the inflammagens lipopolysaccharide and gingipains into the bloodstream;induction of an inflammatory response in both peripheral cells and tissues;disruption of the blood-brain barrier,and entry into the central nervous system of the inflammagens and the P.gingivalis bacteria themselves.In this model,the misfolded p53(or“unfolded p53”;up53)is induced in non-neuronal cells and upregulated in serum as a result of oxidative stress due to lipopolysaccharide from P.gingivalis.up53 is therefore a potential biomarker for early diagnosis of the presence of a causative agent of Alzheimer’s disease.Fastidious dental hygiene and aggressive antibiotic treatment may prevent the patient progressing to clinical Alzheimer’s disease if serum up53 is detected at this pre-symptomatic stage.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease gingipains lipopolysaccharide P.gingivalis periodontitis unfolded p53

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Sheep numbers required for dry matter digestibility evaluations when fed fresh perennial ryegrass or forage rape

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Animal Nutrition 2017年第1期3卷 61-66页

作者： Xuezhao Sun Linda Krijgsman Garry C.Waghorn Holly Kjestrup John Koolaard David Pacheco Grasslands Research Centre Agresearch Limited DairyNZ limited

Research trials with fresh forages often require accurate and precise measurement of digestibility and variation in digestion between individuals, and the duration of measurement periods needs to be established to ensure reliable data are obtained. The variation is likely to be greater when freshly harvested feeds are given, such as perennial ryegrass(Lolium perenne L.) and forage rape(Brassica napus L.),because the nutrient composition changes over time and in response to weather conditions. Daily feed intake and faeces output data from a digestibility trial with these forages were used to calculate the effects of differing lengths of the measurement period and differing numbers of sheep, on the precision of digestibility, with a view towards development of a protocol. Sixteen lambs aged 8 months and weighing 33 kg at the commencement of the trial were fed either perennial ryegrass or forage rape(8/treatment group) over 2 periods with 35 d between measurements. They had been acclimatised to the diets, having grazed them for 42 d prior to 11 days of indoor measurements. The sheep numbers required for a digestibility trial with different combinations of acclimatisation and measurement period lengths were subsequently calculated for 3 levels of imposed precision upon the estimate of mean dry matter(DM) digestibility. It is recommended that if the standard error of the mean for digestibility is equal to or higher than 5 g/kg DM, and if sheep are already used to a fresh perennial ryegrass or forage rape diet,then a minimum of 6 animals are needed and 4 acclimatisation days being fed individually in metabolic crates followed by 7 days of measurement.

关键词： Sheep Digestibility Fresh forage Sample size

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Integrated statistical and machine learning analysis provides insight into key influencing symptoms for distinguishing early-onset type 2 diabetes

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Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine 2022年第4期8卷 281-295页

作者： David A.Wood DDWA Energy limited LincolnUK

Background: Being able to predict with confidence the early onset of type 2 diabetes from a suite of signs and symptoms (features) displayed by potential sufferers is desirable to commence treatment promptly. Late or inconclusive diagnosis can result in more serious health consequences for sufferers and higher costs for health care services in the long run.Methods: A novel integrated methodology is proposed involving correlation, statistical analysis, machine learning, multi-K-fold cross-validation, and confusion matrices to provide a reliable classification of diabetes-positive and -negative individuals from a substantial suite of features. The method also identifies the relative influence of each feature on the diabetes diagnosis and highlights the most important ones. Ten statistical and machine learning methods are utilized to conduct the analysis.Results: A published data set involving 520 individuals (Sylthet Diabetes Hospital, Bangladesh) is modeled revealing that a support vector classifier generates the most accurate early-onset type 2 diabetes status predictions with just 11 misclassifications (2.1% error). Polydipsia and polyuria are among the most influential features, whereas obesity and age are assigned low weights by the prediction models.Conclusion: The proposed methodology can rapidly predict early-onset type 2 diabetes with high confidence while providing valuable insight into the key influential features involved in such predictions.

关键词： error analysis key feature influences multi-K-fold cross-validation symptom importance type 2 diabetes screening

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Numerical Study of Heat Transfer Enhancement in the Electric Vehicle Battery via Vortex‑Induced Agitator

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Automotive Innovation 2023年第2期6卷 244-255页

作者： Yubo Lian Yinsheng Liao Jianjian Liu Zhiming Hu Haolun Xu BYD Auto Industry Company limited 518118 ShenzhenChina

Convective heat transfer plays an important role in the development of a high-performance battery cell.Electric vehicles carry a large amount of the battery cells to reach a longer range of endurance mileage.Thermal diffusion around the battery cells can be considered as obstacles to improve the convective heat transfer coefficient.In this paper,a novel agitator taking advantage of strong vortices is designed to disrupt the thermal boundary layer around the battery cells,thereby improving the fluid mixing for enhanced convective heat transfer.A fluid–structure interaction algorithm is developed to simulate the convective heat transfer rate at various flapping motion.Under the comparison with clean channel,the vortex-induced vibra-tion by the agitated beam can increase the average Nusselt number by 119.59%.This research can be applied to optimize the thermal-structure design inside the electric vehicle battery.

关键词： Electric vehicle battery Thermal management Fluid–structure interaction Air cooling

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Re-Establishing the Merits of Thermal Maturity and Petroleum Generation Multi-Dimensional Modeling with an Arrhenius Equation Using a Single Activation Energy

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Journal of Earth Science 2017年第5期28卷 804-834页

作者： David A.Wood DWA Energy limited

Thermal maturation and petroleum generation modeling of shales is essential for suc- cessful exploration and exploitation of conventional and unconventional oil and gas plays. For basin- wide unconventional resource plays such modeling, when well calibrated with direct maturity meas- urements from wells, can characterize and locate production sweet spots for oil, wet gas and dry gas. The transformation of kerogen to petroleum is associated with many chemical reactions, but models typically focus on first-order reactions with rates determined by the Arrhenius Equation. A miscon- ception has been perpetuated for many years that accurate thermal maturity modeling of vitrinite re- flectance using the Arrhenius Equation and a single activation energy, to derive a time-temperature index （~TTIARa）, as proposed by Wood （1988）, is flawed. This claim was initially made by Sweeney and Burnham （1990） in promoting their ＂EasyRo＂ method, and repeated by others. This paper dem- onstrates through detailed multi-dimensional burial and thermal modeling and direct comparison of the ~TTIARR and ＂EasyRo＂ methods that this is not the case. The ~TTIA^R method not only provides a very useful and sensitive maturity index, it can reproduce the calculated vitrinite reflectance values derived from models based on multiple activation energies （e.g., ＂EasyRo＂）. Through simple expres- sions the ~TTIAaa method can also provide oil and gas transformation factors that can be flexibly scaled and calibrated to match the oil, wet gas and dry gas generation windows. This is achieved in a more-computationally-efficient, flexible and transparent way by the ~TTIARR method than the ＂EasyRo＂ method. Analysis indicates that the ＂EasyRo＂ method, using twenty activation energies and a constant frequency factor, generates reaction rates and transformation factors that do not realisti- cally model observed kerogen behaviour and transformation factors over geologic time scales.

关键词： time-temperature maturity index kerogen activation energies kerogen reaction rates multi-dimensional thermal maturity models petroleum generation versus vitrinite reflectance burial/ thermal history analysis.

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Kerogen Kinetic Distributions and Simulations Provide Insights into Petroleum Transformation Fraction (TF) Profiles of Organic-Rich Shales

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年第3期35卷 747-757页

作者： David A.Wood DWA Energy limited

Two hundred and fifty single first-order Arrhenius reactions are simulated to generate S2 pyrograms at three heating rates 25, 15, and 5 °C·min-1. The activation energy(E) and pre-exponential factor(A) of the reactions simulated follow a long-established trend of those variable values displayed by shales and kerogens. The characteristics of the transformation fraction(TF) profiles(product generation window temperatures) of the simulated single reactions are compared to the TF profiles of recorded shale pyrograms generated by multiple reactions with different E-A values lying near the defined E-A trend. Important similarities and differences are observed between the TF profile values of the two datasets. The similarities support the spread of E-A values involved in shale pyrogram best fits. The differences are most likely explained by the complexity of the multiple kerogen first-order and second-order reactions contributing to the recorded shale pyrograms versus the simplicity and crispness of the single first-order reactions simulated. The results also justify the validity of using the previously described “variable E-A pyrogram-fitting method” of multi-heating-rate shale pyrograms enabling optimizers to choose multiple reactions from an unlimited range of E-A values. In contrast, further doubt is cast on the validity of the constant-A pyrogram-fitting method used by the Easy%Ro technique, in that a distribution of reactions with a single A value is unlikely to represent the complex variety of kerogen macerals observed in shale formations. TF profiles generated by the variable E-A pyrogram-fitting method lie close to the established E-A trend and are likely to provide more realistic TF generation window temperatures than TF profiles generated by the constant-A pyrogram-fitting method.

关键词： transformation fraction profiles simulated S2 pyrograms multiple heating rates kerogen/shale kinetics S2 pyrogram fitting techniques kerogen petroleum research

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A worthy technique for transcanal drilling during endoscopic ear surgery

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2021年第4期7卷 265-269页

作者： Sheikh Shawkat Kamal Surgiscope Hospital limited ChittagongBangladesh

Objective:To evaluate the necessity and effectiveness of a preplanned technique for drilling during transcanal endoscopic ear surgery.Methods:Study design:Retrospective case series study from June 2011 to June 2015.Setting:Private tertiary care hospital.Patients:Eighty-five ears of 78 patients,age ranging from 9 to 57 years underwent transcanal endoscopic drilling for various types of pathology in their middle and external ear.Interventions:Application of a preplanned technique for transcanal drilling in endoscopic ear surgery that involved short timed drilling with use of intermittent irrigation and suction.Every events of the procedure were done one after another with the single hand of the surgeon.An attachment providing protecting sheath around rotating burr was used during each time of drilling.Main outcomes measure:Efficacy of such drilling technique in single handed endoscopic ear surgery.Presence of any postoperative thermal injury of facial nerve and any lacerated injury of skin of external ear.Results:This preplanned technique was found suitable for transcanal endoscopic drilling with the single hand of the surgeon.Postoperative facial nerve palsy or laceration of skin of external ear was not noted in any patient.Conclusion:After using the present technique,transcanal endoscopic drilling could be done easily and safely with single hand of the surgeon.

关键词： Endoscopic Transcanal Drilling technique

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Lattice-based autonomous path proxy re-encryption in the standard model

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2023年第10期66卷 184-195页

作者： Wenli XIE Jian WENG Yao TONG Xiaojian LIANG Lisha YAO Feixiang ZHAO College of Cyber Security Jinan University Guangzhou Fongwell Data limited Company

Autonomous path proxy re-encryption(AP-PRE) is a type of PRE that implements control on the delegation path in a multi-hop PRE. AP-PRE forces the proxy to perform the transformation along a predefined path without revealing the underlying plaintext. There are several applications of AP-PRE,including electronic medical systems, data sharing, and email systems. However, as far as we know, the existing AP-PRE scheme is provably secure in the random oracle model under the classical number-theoretic assumption, which might be vulnerable to quantum computers. Therefore, it raises the intriguing question of how to construct a quantum-resistant AP-PRE scheme. In this study, we proposed an AP-PRE scheme based on the widely accepted quantum-resistant learning with errors(LWE) assumptions. Our scheme supports the polynomial length of the delegation path. Furthermore, our scheme is proved to be selective-path CPA(sCPA) secure in the standard model under LWE assumptions.

关键词： autonomous path proxy re-encryption proxy re-encryption lattice-based cryptography learning with errors controlled delegation

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