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The goat pan‑genome reveals patterns of gene loss during domestication

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2025年第1期16卷 49-58页

作者： Jiaxin Liu Yilong Shi Dongxin Mo Lingyun Luo Songsong Xu Fenghua Lv Frontiers Science center for Molecular design Breeding(MOe) State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech BreedingCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China

Background Unveiling genetic diversity features and understanding the genetic mechanisms of diverse goat pheno-types are pivotal in facilitating the preservation and utilization of these genetic ***,the total genetic diversity within a species can’t be captured by the reference genome of a single *** pan-genome is a col-lection of all the DNA sequences that occur in a species,and it is expected to capture the total genomic diversity of the specific *** We constructed a goat pan-genome using map-to-pan assemble based on 813 individuals,including 723 domestic goats and 90 samples from their wild relatives,which presented a broad regional and global *** total,146 Mb sequences and 974 genes were identified as absent from the reference genome(ARS1.2;GCF_001704415.2).We identified 3,190 novel single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)using the pan-genome *** novel SNPs could properly reveal the population structure of domestic goats and their wild ***/absence variation(PAV)analysis revealed gene loss and intense negative selection during domestication and *** Our research highlights the importance of the goat pan-genome in capturing the missing genetic *** reveals the changes in genomic architecture during goat domestication and improvement,such as gene *** improves our understanding of the evolutionary and breeding history of goats.

关键词： Domestication Goat Improvement Pan-genome Presence/absence variation

Non-metal plasmonic TiN sensitized 2D CdS nanosheet arrays for efficient visible light-driven photoelectrochemical hydrogen evolution and photocatalytic degradation performance

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2025年第01期 201-214页

作者： Desheng Ni Xinglin Jia Jianan Li Shicheng Liu Lei Liu Wenzhong Wang Guling Zhang Bin Zou Lijuan Wang Qing Zhou School of Science Minzu University of China engineering Research center of Photonic design Software Ministry of Education Optoelectronics Research center Minzu University of China

Here, a novel non-metal plasmonic TiN sensitized two-dimensional（2D） CdS nanosheet arrays（NSAs） were constructed for high-efficiency photoelectrochemical（PeC） hydrogen evolution as well as photocatalytic pollutant degradation under bias-free visible light illumination for the first time. For this patent heterogeneous nanostructures, the large surface area enables 2D CdS NSAs further to facilitate visible light absorption, as well as afford much active regions to absorb TiN nanoparticles（NPs） for boosting light energy utilization through the wide surface plasmon resonance（SPR） absorption feature of TiN. Additionally, the numerous SPR-induced TiN hot electron injection into 2D CdS efficiently augment carrier concentration. Moreover, the establishment of Schottky junction between CdS nanosheet and TiN NPs is in favour of charge migration and separation. The optimized 2D CdS/TiN NSAs achieved an obviously enhanced hydrogen production rate up to 217.2 μmol h-1,2.02-fold higher than that of pure 2D CdS NSAs. Furthermore, the organic dye Congo red degradation efficiency on the 2D CdS/TiN NSAs reached up to 93.1 % under visible light irradiation for 120 min. The remarkably enhanced photocatalytic pollutant degradation and PeC hydrogen evolution of the 2D CdS/TiN NSAs can be attributed to the cooperative action of CdS/TiN Schottky junction and SPR effect of TiN. The demonstrations of present study offer new insights into designing non-metal-based plasmonic photocatalysts for high-efficiency PeC hydrogen generation and photocatalytic pollutant degradation from the perspectives of the visible light absorption and carrier separation and injection.

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Historic center of Macao: Blend of Ancient and Modern Flavors

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中国新闻发布(英文版) 2025年第1期 21-24页

作者： Li Zhichao Ju Dedong the China Academy of Urban Planning and design the research branch for the protection and development of historical and cultural cities of the China Academy of Urban Planning and design

editor's Note: “Civilizations have become richer and more colorful with exchanges and mutual learning. Such exchanges and mutual learning form an important drive for human progress and global peace and development.”This is what Chinese President Xi Jinping said in his speech at the headquarters of the United Nations educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization on March 27, 2014.

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experiments and modeling of microstructural and mechanical behaviors of laser-welded Ni-based superalloy at high temperatures

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2025年第1期38卷 99-114页

作者： Ting HOU Yong LI Degang WANG Yuelin WANG Marko VILOTIC School of Mechanical engineering and Automation Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Department of Structure Shenyang Aircraft Designand Research InstituteShenyang 110000China engineering center Shenyang Aircraft CorporationShenyang 110000China Faculty of Technical Science University of Novi SadNovi Sad 21102Serbia

The performance of welded Ni-based superalloys at high temperatures is essential to be evaluated due to their particular service environment for aero-engines and high-speed *** tensile properties and related microstructural evolutions such as the carbide precipitate and grain of a laser-welded Ni-based alloy were experimentally and numerically investigated at different temperatures(20,300,500,800℃).The results show that at room temperature,the strength of the Base Material(BM)was slightly smaller,with a difference of less than 1%,than the Welded Material(WM),which can be attributed to the more uniformly distributed needle-shaped carbide precipitates in the WM than those nonuniformly coarser spherical ones in the *** at 300℃ and 500℃,the strength of WM decreased more obviously compared with that of BM due to the more apparent growth of grain:13.52%loss in yield strength in WM alloys as compared with BM alloys at 300℃,and 16.57% at 500℃.At 800℃,the strength of BM and WM both decreased to a similar level due to Dynamic Recrystallization(DRX).However,a much higher elongation was observed for the BM than WM(less than 50%of BM),which can be attributed to the enhanced dislocation accumulation capability of the large spherical carbides along grain boundaries on the fracture surface in ***,a unified model considering the welding effects on both microstructures(dislocation,carbides,and grain)and mechanical properties evolutions at different temperatures was developed and *** on this model,the key temperature ranges(20–600℃)where apparent weakening of strength and uniform plasticity occurs for welded structures were identified,providing a direct guidance for potential structure and process design.

关键词： Ni-based superalloy Microstructure Mechanical properties Constitutive model High temperature

Spin magnetization in unconventional antiferromagnets with collinear and non-collinear spins

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第04期Mechanics & Astronomy) .卷 165-174页

作者： Lun-Hui Hu Song-Bo Zhang center for Correlated Matter and School of Physics Zhejiang University Department of Applied Physics School of Science Aalto University Hefei National Laboratory International center for Quantum design of Functional Materials (ICQD) University of Science and Technology of China

Unconventional antiferromagnets(AFMs) with non-relativistic spin-splitting, such as the recently discovered altermagnet, have recently gained significant interest due to their potential for novel quantum phenomena and spintronic applications. The compensated magnetization in unconventional AFMs is protected by spin-space symmetries. In this work, we explore the symmetrybreaking effects and identify three distinct mechanisms for inducing net spin magnetizations in unconventional AFMs with collinear or non-collinear spins:(1) finite size effect,(2) extrinsic spin canting effect, and(3) irradiation with circularly polarized light. We show that the induced spin magnetizations are controllable and manifest as diverse intriguing phenomena. For the finite size system, the confined direction of a two-dimensional AM creates quantum-well-like subbands that determine the spin magnetization. This effect can be experimentally probed by measuring the spin density of states and the spin-polarization of Andreev-bound states within planar Josephson junctions. In the case of spin canting effect, it leads to peculiar anisotropic and non-monotonic behaviors in the superconducting proximity effect. Lastly, with circularly polarized light, spin magnetization is driven by the polarized light and the chirality of non-collinear magnetic order, thus offering a direct means of detecting the chirality of magnetic order in real materials. Our findings provide valuable insight into understanding and probing the spin magnetization in unconventional AFM materials.

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Bioenergy recovery and carbon emissions benefits of short-term bio-thermophilic pretreatment on low organic sewage sludge anaerobic digestion:A pilot-scale study

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2025年第2期148卷 321-335页

作者： Hui Wang Xiang Fu Haozhe Huang Danni Shen Dongdong Fan Liming Zhu Xiaohu Dai Bin Dong College of environmental Science and engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Yangtze eco-environment engineering Research center China Three Gorges CorporationBeijing 100038China Yangtze River eco-environmental engineering Research center Shanghai InvestigationDesign and Research Institute Co.LTDShanghai 200092China China Construction Third engineering Bureau First engineering Co. Ltd.Wuhan 430000China

Sewage sludge in cities of Yangzi River Belt,China,generally exhibits a lower organic content and higher silt contentdue to leakage of drainage system,which caused low bioenergy recovery and carbon emission benefits in conventional anaerobic digestion(CAD).Therefore,this paper is on a pilot scale,a bio-thermophilic pretreatment anaerobic digestion(BTPAD)for low organic sludge(volatile solids(VS)of 4%)was operated with a long-term continuous flow of 200 *** VS degradation rate and CH_(4) yield of BTPAD increased by 19.93%and 53.33%,respectively,compared to those of *** analysis of organic compositions in sludge revealed that BTPAD mainly improved the hydrolysis of proteins in *** analysis of microbial community proportions by high-throughput sequencing revealed that the short-term bio-thermophilic pretreatment was enriched in Clostridiales,Coprothermobacter and Gelria,was capable of hydrolyzing acidified proteins,and provided more volatile fatty acid(VFA)for the subsequent *** combined with fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(PCR)analysis showed that the number of bacteria with high methanogenic capacity in BTPAD was much higher than that in CAD during the medium temperature digestion stage,indicating that short-term bio-thermophilic pretreatment could provide better methanogenic conditions for ***,the greenhouse gas emission footprint analysis showed that short-term bio-thermophilic pretreatment could reduce the carbon emission of sludge anaerobic digestion system by 19.18%.

关键词： Sludge Anaerobic digestion Bio-thermophilic pretreatment Pilot scale Molecular microbiology Carbon emissions

Generation of transgenic chicken through ovarian injection

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Animal Models and experimental Medicine 2025年第1期8卷 187-193页

作者： Jinghua Jiang Caiying Wang Xuguang Du Fei Gao Sen Wu Frontiers Science center for Molecular design Breeding(MOe) State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech BreedingCollege of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University SanyaChina

Background : Traditional DNA microinjection methods used in mammals are difficult to apply to avian species due to their unique reproductive characteristics. Genetic manipulation in chickens, particularly involving immature follicles within living ovaries, has not been extensively explored. This study seeks to establish an efficient method for generating transgenic chickens through ovarian injection, potentially bypassing the challenges associated with primordial germ cell (PGC) manipulation and fertilized egg microinjection. Methods : Hens were anesthetized and underwent a surgical procedure to access the ovary for DNA injection into immature follicles. The study used liposomes to deliver GFP- expressing plasmids at various dosages. After injection, hens recovered, and their eggs were fertilized through artificial insemination. Results : Transgenic chickens were successfully generated in one generation without needing G0 founders. The injection of 20 μg plasmid yielded the highest transgenic efficiency at 12.1%. GFP- positive embryos were confirmed through microscopy, and successful transgene expression was validated at the tissue level using immunostaining. TeRT and GFP elements introduced in the G1 generation resulted in 4.1% positive transgene rates, as confirmed by PCR and Southern blotting. Conclusion : This ovarian injection method offers a promising alternative for avian genetic manipulation, bypassing complex PGC procedures and enabling direct generation of G1 transgenic chickens. This technique simplifies the transgenic process for chickens and has the potential to be adapted for other avian species, especially those without established PGCs culture systems.

关键词： avian species gene manipulation ovarian injection transgenic chickens

Cortical hem signaling center: functions, development, and potential implications for evolution and brain disorders

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1079-1080页

作者： Victor V.Chizhikov Igor Y.Iskusnykh Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology University of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTNUSA

Development of the telencephalon relies upon several signaling centers-localized cellular populations that supply secreted factors to pattern the cortical *** such signaling center is the cortical hem,which arises during embryonic development at the telencephalic dorsal midline,adjacent to the choroid plexus and hippocampal primordium(Figure 1A).While the cortical hem has also been described in reptiles and birds,most of our knowledge about the developmental roles of the cortical hem is derived from the analysis in *** cortical hem produces several types of secreted molecules,including wingless-related integration site(Wnt)and bone morphogenetic(Bmp)*** cortical hem is particularly important for the development of the hippocampus,which is involved in learning and memory,and the neocortex,which is the most complex brain region that mediates multiple types of behavior and higher cognitive functions(Mangale et al.,2008;Dal-Valle-Anton and Borrell,2022).

关键词： epithelium Figure center

Dietary supplementation with N‑acetyl‑L‑cysteine ameliorates hyperactivated eRK signaling in the endometrium that is linked to poor pregnancy outcomes following ovarian stimulation in pigs

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2025年第1期16卷 167-181页

作者： Linghua Cheng Zhicheng Shi Yuan Yue Yue Wang Yusheng Qin Wei Zhao Yupei Hu Qin Li Min Guo Lei An Shumin Wang Jianhui Tian Frontiers Science center for Molecular design Breeding(MOe) State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech BreedingKey Laboratory of Animal GeneticsBreeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsNational Engineering Laboratory for Animal BreedingCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193People’s Republic of China

Background exogenous gonadotropin-controlled ovarian stimulation is the critical step in animal reproductive management,such as pig,sheep,bovine and other *** helps synchronize ovulation or stimulate multiple ***,a number of evidence indicated an unexpected decrease in pregnancy outcomes following ovarian *** study aimed to explore the underlying mechanism of the pregnancy defect and develop a practical rescue *** Compared with those in the control group,gilts that underwent ovarian stimulation showed a decrease in pregnancy rate,farrowing rate,and total number of piglets *** gilts also showed an increase in estra-diol(e_(2))*** supraphysiologicale_(2) level was correlated with the decrease in the number of piglets ***,we found that high levels ofe_(2) impair uterine receptivity,as shown by the overproliferation of endo-metrial epithelial *** vitro mechanistic studies demonstrated that high levels ofe_(2) hyperactivate FGF-FGFR-eRK signaling cascade in the uterine endometrium,and in turn induces overproliferation of endometrial epithelial *** note,N-acetyl-L-cysteine(NAC)supplementation effectively inhibits eRK hyperphosphorylation and ameliorates endometrial epithelial ***,in vivo experiments indicated that dietary NAC supplementa-tion,compared with ovarian stimulation group,improves the uterine receptivity in gilts,and significantly increases the pregnancy rate and total number of piglets *** Ovarian stimulation-induced supraphysiological levels ofe_(2) impairs uterine receptivity by hyperactivat-ing FGF-FGFR-eRK signaling cascade,thereby reducing pregnancy rate and litter *** NAC to a con-ventional diet for gilts ameliorates hyperactivated eRK signaling and improves uterine receptivity,thus rescuing adverse pregnancy outcomes following ovarian stimulation.

关键词： estradiol Gonadotropin Implantation N-acetyl-L-cysteine Ovarian stimulation Uterine receptivity