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Damping Characteristic Analysis and Optimization of Wind-thermal-bundled power Transmission by LCC-HVDC Systems

Journal of Modern power Systems and Clean energy 2024年第1期12卷 299-312页

作者： Liwen Zheng Shiying Ma the power System Department China Electric Power Research InstituteBeijing 100192China

With the rapid development of renewable energy,wind-thermal-bundled power transmission by line-commutated converter based high-voltage direct current(LCC-HVDC)systems has been widely developed.The dynamic interaction mechanisms among permanent magnet synchronous generators(PMSGs),synchronous generators(SGs),and LCC-HVDC system become complex.To deal with this issue,a path analysis method(PAM)is proposed to study the dynamic interaction mechanism,and the damping reconstruction is used to analyze the damping characteristic of the system.First,based on the modular modeling,linearized models for the PMSG subsystem,the LCC-HVDC subsystem,and the SG subsystem are established.Second,based on the closed-loop transfer function diagram of the system,the disturbance transfer path and coupling relationship among subsystems are analyzed by the PAM,and the damping characteristic analysis of the SG-dominated oscillation mode is studied based on the damping reconstruction.Compared with the PAM,the small-signal model of the system is obtained and eigenvalue analysis results are presented.Then,the effect of the control parameters on the damping characteristic is analyzed and the conclusions are verified by time-domain simulations.Finally,the penalty functions of the oscillation modes and decay modes are taken as the objective function,and an optimization strategy based on the Monte Carlo method is proposed to solve the parameter optimization problem.Numerical simulation results are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.

关键词： Wind-thermal-bundled power transmission line-commutated converter based high-voltage direct current(LCC-HVDC) path analysis method(PAM) damping characteristic analysis Monte Carlo method

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experimental study on ice monitoring method for 10 kV transmission line with tangent tower in alpine landform

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High Voltage 2024年第1期9卷 182-194页

作者： Lin Yang Zhiqiang Chen Yanpeng Hao Xinhao Lin Lei Yu Yue Li Zhiyong Yuan Licheng Li School of electric power South China University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina electrical power research institute China Southern Power GridGuangzhouChina electric power research institute of Guizhou power Grid Co.Ltd. GuizhouChina

Ice monitoring methods were applied for 110 kV and above transmission lines with tangent towers.However,the change in the vertical span is not considered,and a significant difference lies in the tower-conductor structure of 10 kV transmission lines.For this reason,a proposal is made about the ice monitoring method for the 10 kV transmission line with tangent tower in alpine landform,which includes the ice monitoring system based on pressure measurement and corresponding equivalent ice thickness calculating methods.Different methods calculate the vertical span under different height difference coefficients.A finite element simulation model and a simulated ice load experiment system are established based on real conductors and insulators.experiments and simulations under four simulated terrains are conducted within 2.5–20 mm ice thickness range.The comparison is made between this method and the method without considering the change in vertical span.The results show that the two methods are consistent and the relative errors are lower than�4%in simulation and�10%in experiment when the height difference coefficient is 0.When it is not 0,the relative errors of this method fall between t0.38%and t6.78%in simulation and−6.40%to t6.60%in experiment,while the relative errors of the method without considering the change in vertical span ranges between−11.13%and−20.23%in simulation and−11.65%to−23.20%in experiment.

关键词： methods tangent method

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Modification of streamer-to-leader transition model based on radial thermal expansion in the sphere-plane gap discharge at high altitude

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Plasma Science and Technology 2024年第1期26卷 42-49页

作者：耿江海林果王平丁玉剑丁杨俞华 Department of electric power engineering North China Electric Power UniversityBaoding 071003People’s Republic of China china electric power research institute Beijing 100192People’s Republic of China Xinjiang electric power Company research institute Urumchi 830000People’s Republic of China Shanxi electric power Company research institute Taiyuan 030001People’s Republic of China

Historically,streamer-to-leader transition studies mainly focused on the rod-plane gap and low altitude analysis,with limited attention paid to the sphere-plane gap at high altitude analysis.In this work,sphere-plane gap discharge tests were carried out under the gap distance of 5 m at the Qinghai Ultra High Voltage(UHV)test base at an altitude of 2200 m.The experiments measured the physical parameters such as the discharge current,electric field intensity and instantaneous optical power.The duration of the dark period and the critical charge of streamer-toleader transition were obtained at high altitude.Based on radial thermal expansion of the streamer stem,we established a modified streamer-to-leader transition model of the sphere-plane gap discharge at high altitude,and calculated the stem temperature,stem radii and the duration of streamer-to-leader transition.Compared with the measured duration of sphere-plane electrode discharge at an altitude of 2200 m,the error rate of the modified model was 0.94%,while the classical model was 6.97%,demonstrating the effectiveness of the modified model.From the comparisons and analysis,several suggestions are proposed to improve the numerical model for further quantitative investigations of the leader inception.

关键词： streamer-to-leader transition model high altitude streamer stem convective diffusion radial thermal expansion

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High-frequency Resonance Analysis and Impedance Reshaping Control of MMC-HVDC System Based on Frequency Coupling Impedance Model

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Journal of Modern power Systems and Clean energy 2024年第2期12卷 646-657页

作者： Juanjuan Wang Wei Chen Yuekun Liu Chuang Fu Yunming Ye Junjie Feng School of electric power South China University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina Guangdong power Grid Co. Ltd.GuangzhouChina electric power research institute China Southern Power GridGuangzhouChina

In recent years, high-frequency resonance (HFR) events occurred in several modular multilevel converter based high-voltage direct current (MMC-HVDC) projects. The time delay of an MMC-HVDC system is the critical factor that induces HFR. The frequency coupling affects the impedance characteristics of an MMC and further deteriorates system stability. Therefore, in this paper, a multi-input multi-output admittance model of an MMC-HVDC system is developed to analyze its frequency characteristics. The effects of current loop, power loop, phase-locked loop, and operating point on the MMC frequency coupling degree are analyzed in detail. Meanwhile, to further suppress HFR in the MMC-HVDC system, an enhanced impedance reshaping control strategy based on the equivalent single-input single-output impedance model is proposed. Finally, the accuracy of the enhanced impedance model and the effectiveness of the impedance reshaping control are verified by electromagnetic transient simulations in PSCAD.

关键词： Modular multilevel converter based high-voltage direct current(MMC-HVDC) high-frequency resonance frequency coupling impedance model impedance reshaping control

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Transient Stability Analysis and Design of VSGs with Different DC-Link Voltage Controllers

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CSee Journal of power and energy Systems 2024年第2期10卷 593-604页

作者： Chao Shen Wei Gu Wanxing Sheng Keyan Liu School of electrical engineering Southeast UniversityNanjingChina power Distribution research Department China Electric Power Research InstituteBeijing 100192China

Virtual synchronous control has been widely studied for the advantages of emulating inertia for voltage source converters (VSCs). A constant dc-link voltage is usually assumed in existing literature to estimate transient stability of virtual synchronous generators (VSGs). However, actual power supply in the dc-side of VSGs is limited and different dc-link voltage controllers are needed to achieve power balance between DC side and AC side. Addition of dc-link voltage controller has great influence on transient behavior of VSGs, which has not been investigated by previous research. To fill this gap, this paper gives insights into the effect of dc-link voltage dynamics on transient stability of VSGs. First, two typical kinds of VSGs with dc-link voltage controllers are introduced. Then, mathematical models considering dc-link dynamics are established and the effect of dc-link voltage controllers on transient synchronization stability of VSGs is revealed through equal area criterion (eAC). It is found that dc-link voltage controller would reduce stability margin of VSGs and design-oriented transient stability analysis is carried out quantitively using critical clearing time (CCT). Finally, simulation results are given to validate correctness of theoretical analysis.

关键词： DC-link voltage dynamics equal area criterion(eac) transient synchronization stability virtual synchronous generator(VSG)

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Dynamic propagation velocity of a positive streamer in a 3 m air gap under lightning impulse voltage

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Plasma Science and Technology 2024年第4期26卷 114-121页

作者：李志伟雷挺苏宇姚修远杨冰雪刘德龙律方成丁玉剑 North china electric power University Beijing 102206People’s Republic of China china electric power research institute Beijing 100192People’s Republic of China

Streamers represent an important stage in the initiation of gap discharge. In this work, we used an eight-frame intensified charge-coupled device camera to capture the streamer development process when a lightning impulse voltage of 95%–100% U50% was applied in a 3 m rod–plate gap and the streamer velocity was analyzed. Analysis of the observations shows that streamer velocity can be defined by three stages: rapid velocity decline(stage 1), rapid velocity rise(stage 2)and slow velocity decline(stage 3). The effects of electrode shape, applied voltage and gap breakdown or withstanding on streamer velocity were analyzed. The electrode with a larger radius of curvature will result in a higher initial velocity, and a higher voltage amplitude will cause the streamer to propagate faster at stage 3. Gap withstanding or breakdown has no obvious effect on streamer velocity. In addition, the experimental results are compared with previous results and the statistical characteristics of the primary streamer discharge are discussed.

关键词： lightning impulse 3 m air gap development process streamer velocity

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Large-disturbance Stability Analysis of power Systems with Synchronous Generator and Converter-interfaced Generation

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Journal of Modern power Systems and Clean energy 2024年第3期12卷 997-1002页

作者： Lei Chen Yong Min Liangshuai Hao Guangzheng Xing Yalou Li Shiyun Xu Ieee Department of electrical engineering Tsinghua University china electric power research institute

This letter studies large-disturbance stability of the power system with a synchronous generator(SG) and a converter-interfaced generation(CIG) connected to infinite bus. The power system is multi-timescale and first simplified. It is shown that the boundary of region of attraction(ROA) of the simplified model is composed of stable manifolds of unstable equilibrium point(UeP) or semi-singular point(SSP), named anchor points, and singular surface pieces. The type of anchor point determines the dominant instability pattern of the power system. When the anchor point is UeP or SSP, the dominant instability pattern is the instability of rotor angle of SG or the instability of phase-locked loop and outer control loop(OCL) of CIG, respectively. Transition of dominant instability pattern can be analyzed with the relative position relationship between UeP and SSP. The effect of OCL is discussed. When the OCL is activated, the ROA becomes smaller and the system is more prone to instability of CIG. It is necessary to consider the OCL when studying the large-disturbance stability of the power system.

关键词： power system stability Mathematical models Phase locked loops Stability criteria Transient analysis power system dynamics Rotors

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Analysis and Modeling of Time Output Characteristics for Distributed Photovoltaic and energy Storage

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energy engineering 2024年第4期121卷 933-949页

作者： Kaicheng Liu Chen Liang Xiaoyang Dong Liping Liu china electric power research institute Beijing100192China electric power research institute State Grid Gansu Electric Power CompanyLanzhou730000China State Key Laboratory of power Grid Safety Beijing100084China

Due to the unpredictable output characteristics of distributed photovoltaics,their integration into the grid can lead to voltage fluctuations within the regional power grid.Therefore,the development of spatial-temporal coordination and optimization control methods for distributed photovoltaics and energy storage systems is of utmost importance in various scenarios.This paper approaches the issue from the perspective of spatiotemporal forecasting of distributed photovoltaic(PV)generation and proposes a Temporal Convolutional-Long Short-Term Memory prediction model that combines Temporal Convolutional Networks(TCN)and Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM).To begin with,an analysis of the spatiotemporal distribution patterns of PV generation is conducted,and outlier data is handled using the 3σ rule.Subsequently,a novel approach that combines temporal convolution and LSTM networks is introduced,with TCN extracting spatial features and LSTM capturing temporal features.Finally,a real spatiotemporal dataset from Gansu,china,is established to compare the performance of the proposed network against other models.The results demonstrate that the model presented in this paper exhibits the highest predictive accuracy,with a single-step Mean Absolute error(MAe)of 1.782 and an average Root Mean Square error(RMSe)of 3.72 for multi-step predictions.

关键词： Photovoltaic power generation spatio-temporal prediction temporal convolutional network long short-term memory network

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estimating Critical Clearing Time of Grid Faults Using DA of State-Reduction Model of power Systems

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CSee Journal of power and energy Systems 2024年第2期10卷 807-820页

作者： Yang Liu Zhongyang Chen Huanjin Yao Lin Yi Q.H.Wu School of electric power engineering South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510640China china Southern power Grid research institute Guangzhou 510663China

This paper proposes a critical clearing time (CCT) estimation method by the domain of attraction (DA) of a state-reduction model of power systems using sum of squares (SOS) programming. By exploiting the property of the Jacobian matrix and the structure of the boundary of the DA, it is found the DA of the state-reduction model and that of the full model of a power system are topological isomorphism. There are one-to-one correspondence relationships between the number of equilibrium points, the type of equilibrium points, and solutions of the two system models. Based on these findings, an expanding interior algorithm is proposed with SOS programming to estimate the DA of the state-reduction model. State trajectories of the full model can be transformed to those of the state-reduction model by orthogonal or equiradius projection. In this way, CCT of a grid fault is estimated with the DA of the state-reduction model. The calculational burden of SOS programming in the DA estimation using the state-reduction model is rather small compared with using the full model. Simulation results show the proposed expanding interior algorithm is able to provide a tight estimation of DA of power systems with higher accuracy and lower time costs.

关键词： Critical clearing time domain of attraction expanding interior algorithm state-reduction model SOS programming

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Coordinated Voltage Control of Distribution Network ConsideringMultiple Types of electric Vehicles

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energy engineering 2024年第2期121卷 377-404页

作者： Liang Liu Guangda Xu Yuan Zhao Yi Lu Yu Li Jing Gao State Grid Jibei electric power research institute(North china electric power research institute Co. Ltd.)Beijing100045China

The couple between the power network and the transportation network(TN)is deepening gradually with the increasing penetration rate of electric vehicles(eV),which also poses a great challenge to the traditional voltage control scheme.In this paper,we propose a coordinated voltage control strategy for the active distribution networks considering multiple types of eV.In the first stage,the action of on-load tap changer and capacitor banks,etc.,are determined by optimal power flow calculation,and the node electricity price is also determined based on dynamic time-of-use tariff mechanism.In the second stage,multiple operating scenarios of multiple types of eVs such as cabs,private cars and buses are considered,and the scheduling results of each eV are solved by building an optimization model based on constraints such as queuing theory,Floyd-Warshall algorithm and traffic flow information.In the third stage,the output power of photovoltaic and energy storage systems is fine-tuned in the normal control mode.The charging power of eVs is also regulated in the emergency control mode to reduce the voltage deviation,and the amount of regulation is calculated based on the fair voltage control mode of eVs.Finally,we test the modified Ieee 33-bus distribution system coupled with the 24-bus Beijing TN.The simulation results show that the proposed scheme can mitigate voltage violations well.

关键词： electric vehicle transportation network voltage control queuing theory

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