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Responses of Four Rice Varieties to Elevated CO_2 and Different Salinity Levels

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Rice science 2018年第3期25卷 142-151页

作者： Sheidollah KAZEMI Hamid Reza ESHGHIZADEH Morteza ZAHEDI department of agronomy and Plant breeding College of Agriculture Isfahan University of Technology

This study was carried out in 2014 at Isfahan University of Technology, Iran, to evaluate the responses of four rice varieties(Neda, Deylamani, Shiroudi and Domsorkh) to ambient(360 ± 50 μmol/mol) and elevated(700 ± 50 μmol/mol) air carbon dioxide(CO_2) concentrations under four salinity levels(0, 30, 60 and 90 mmol/L Na Cl). There was significant variation among rice varieties in response to elevated CO_2 concentration under the four salinity levels. Under non-saline condition, elevated CO_2 increased the dry weight of Neda, Deylamani and Domsorkh by 8%, 50% and 8%, respectively, but reversely decreased that of Shiroudi by 34%. Increasing CO_2 concentration significantly reduced the negative effects of salinity on Shiroudi, but these effects were even increased in Deylamani and Domsorkh under all the salinity levels and in Neda only under 30 and 60 mmol/L Na Cl. Significant correlations were established between plant dry weight, SPAD value and leaf area under both CO_2 levels. However, this trend was observed only at ambient CO_2 concentration in the presence of soluble carbohydrates. The results revealed the genotype and salinity dependence of the effects of CO_2 concentrations on the rice traits investigated.

关键词： CO2 concentration genetic diversity salt tolerance water soluble carbohydrate

Efficiency of seed bio-priming technique for healthy mungbean productivity under terminal drought stress

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2021年第1期20卷 87-99页

作者： Hamid NAWAZ Nazim HUSSAIN Niaz AHMED Haseeb-ur-REHMAN Javaiz ALAM department of agronomy The Islamia University of BahawalpurBahawapur 63100Pakistan department of agronomy Bahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultan 60000Pakistan department of Soil Science Bahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultan 60000Pakistan

Recently, drought-induced damaging impact in reducing the crop growth and development is drastically ranked at the top under various abiotic stresses. And especially water stress at the reproductive growth stages termed as terminal drought has become a severe threat for mungbean productivity. To mitigate the drought stress condition, "bio-priming" has emerged as a newly agronomic and sustainable technique in improving the mungbean production. A 2-year field study during Kharif season 2017–2018 was conducted to investigate the efficacy of rhizobacteria seed priming in mungbean(AZRI mung-06), at Agronomic Research Area, department of agronomy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan. The experiment comprised two factors containing FA(seed treatments, control(dry seeds), hydro-priming, silicon(Si)-priming, and bio-priming(mixture strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens+Rhizobium phaseoli)) and FB(irrigation water-regimes at various growth stages including leaf formation(L), stem elongation(S)+flowering(F)+pod formation(P) containing treatments are normal irrigation(I(L+S+F+P)) and terminal drought stress(I(F+P))). All the treatments were arranged in randomized complete block design under factorial design and were replicated thrice. Results indicated that the exposure of drought stress at flowering and pod formation stages hampered the morpho-physiological growth and yield of mungbean. Nevertheless, seed priming treatments particularly bio-priming were effective in alleviating the detrimental effects of drought stress. Bio-priming significantly increased the yield and yield components(seeds/plant, 1 000-grain weight and harvest index) of mungbean and regulated the activities/levels of antioxidants(superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, ascorbic acid, and total phenolics) under drought stress. Compared with the control, bio-priming increased the seed yield of mungbean by 8–12% under normal as well as drought stress conditions during both years of study. Bio-primi

关键词： bio-priming antioxidant activities drought nutrients uptake mungbean

Effect of seed priming with different concentrations of potassium nitrate on the pattern of seed imbibition and germination of rice(Oryza sativa L.)

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2017年第3期16卷 605-613页

作者： Anisa Ruttanaruangboworn Wanchai Chanprasert Pitipong Tobunluepop Damrongvudhi Onwimol department of agronomy Faculty of Agriculture Kasetsart University Bangkok 10900 Thailand

Low germination and vigor of rice seed associated with dry-seed broadcasting are common problems encountered by rice *** objectives of this study were to evaluate the role of potassium nitrate（KNO3）on the pattern of seed imbibition and to determine the effect of seed priming with KNO3 on the germination percentage,speed and uniformity of germination in rice *** 1 compared the patterns of seed imbibition of six concentrations of KNO3（0,0.25,0.50,1.00,1.50,and 2.00%）in two rice cultivars-KDML105 and *** results showed that soaking rice seed in KNO3 at higher concentrations could delay the imbibition *** higher concentrations of KNO3 delayed the imbibition time of rice seed and took a longer time to reach the end of phases 1 and 2 compared to the lower *** patterns of seed imbibition using distilled water of both rice cultivars（KDML105 and RD15）were quite similar,but with different concentrations of KNO3,the imbibition time taken to reach the end of phases 1 and 2 was slightly postponed in KDML105 suggesting that different rice cultivars may need different imbibition times for soaking seed in the priming *** 2 evaluated the effects of seed priming with 1.0 and 2.0%KNO3 at different imbibition *** was found that priming with 1.0%KNO3 showed better seed germination than priming with 2.0%KNO3 and seed priming with 1.0%KNO3 at the imbibition time of early phase 2（or 28 h for KDML105）improved seed germination and increased both the speed and uniformity of seed *** results of this study show promise for the use of priming with 1.0%KNO3 soaked until early phase 2 of seed imbibition for improving the seed germination and vigor of rice in dry seed broadcasting.

关键词： rice water uptake seed priming KNO3 solution germination percentage speed of germination uniformity of germination

Partial Relief of Drought-Stressed Fennel(Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) in Response to Foliar-Applied Zinc

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Pedosphere 2019年第6期29卷 752-763页

作者： Ahmad RAJABI Parviz EHSANZADEH Jamshid RAZMJOO department of agronomy and Plant Breeding College of Agriculture Isfahan University of Technology

Few attempts have been made to explore the effect of Zn fertilization on the performance of medicinal plants in general and fennel in particular, under adverse conditions. This study was conducted to examine the efficacy of zinc (Zn) in correcting physiological responses of fennel to water deficit. Twelve field-grown fennel genotypes were subjected to two levels of irrigation (irrigation after 25%–35% and 75%–85% depletion of available soil water) and two levels of foliar-applied Zn (0 and 4 g kg −1 ). Water deprivation had significant effects on all characteristics;i.e., in contrast to seed essential oil concentration, harvest index, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities, it led to decreases in the rest of the attributes. Varietal differences in response to drought were meaningful for most of the traits. Genotypic variations for dry mass and seed yield were consistent with differences among the genotypes in leaf water potential, relative water content, proline concentration, and chlorophyll concentrations. Zinc led to significant increases in all physiological attributes, including activation of antioxidant defense responses manifested in ascorbate peroxidase and SOD activities and carotenoid concentration. The Zn-effect tended to be more notable in drought-stricken fennel plants in a majority of the traits. Based on our findings, Zn could be considered an effective micronutrient for ameliorating, at least in part, the stressful effects of water deficit on fennel.

关键词： Antioxidant defense Drought tolerance Medicinal plant Micronutrient Physilogical attributes Water deficit Zn fertilization

Genotypic differences in callus induction and plant regeneration from mature embryos of barley(Hordeum vulgare L.)

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2011年第5期12卷 399-407页

作者： Yong HAN Xiao-li JIN Fei-bo WU Guo-ping ZHANG department of agronomy College of Agriculture and Biotechnology Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310029 China

An efficient induction system and regeneration protocol based on mature barley embryos were *** isolated from mature seeds,dehusked by hand and inoculated with longitudinally bisected sections,showed low contamination and high primary callus-forming *** influences of nine culture media on primary callus induction and germination from the mature embryos of barley cultivars Golden Promise and Zaoshu 3 were *** results showed that the two cultivars had much higher values of primary callus induction in the B16M6D medium as compared to the other eight medium formulations,with a frequency of 74.3% and 78.4% for Golden Promise and Zaoshu 3,***,Zaoshu 3 demonstrated particularly high stability in callus induction over the different media,indicating its potential utilization in callus induction and regeneration for its good agronomic traits and wide *** were significant differences amongst 11 barley genotypes in terms of primary callus induction in the optimum medium,with percentages of callus induction and germination response ranging from 17.9% to 78.4% and 2.8% to 47.4%,*** plantlets of Dong 17,Golden Promise,and Zaoshu 3 were successfully de-veloped from primary calli through embryogenesis,with green plant differentiation frequencies ranging from 9.7% to 21.0% across genotypes.

关键词： Barley Mature embryo Genotypic difference Primary callus Plant regeneration

Soils in extraterrestrial space: Need for studies under microgravity

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Pedosphere 2024年第1期34卷 13-14页

作者： M.B.KIRKHAM department of agronomy Kansas State UniversityManhattan KS 66506USA

With the increased interest of plants in space, gravity cannot be ignored when studying soil-plant-water relations. Therefore, it is important to understand the water relations of soils under zero gravity in space or under reduced gravity on the Moon or Mars. This paper outlines the problems of moving water in soils under zero gravity or microgravity, as well as growing plants in these soils. It is suggested that microgravity experiments could be done on Earth using both soils and plants. Results from such experiments could be used to grow plants when mankind establishes bases on the Moon and Mars.

关键词： soils soil bases

Fine mapping and candidate gene prediction of the photoperiod and thermo-sensitive genic male sterile gene pms1(t) in rice

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2011年第6期12卷 436-447页

作者： Yuan-fei ZHOU Xian-yin ZHANG Qing-zhong XUE department of agronomy College of Agriculture and Biotechnology Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310029 China

Pei＇ai64S, an indica sterile variety with photoperiod and thermo-sensitive genic male sterile （PTGMS） genes, has been widely exploited for commercial seed production for ＂two-line＂ hybrid rice in China. One PTGMS gene from Pei＇ai64S, pmsl（t）, was mapped by a strategy of bulked-extreme and recessive-class approach with simple sequence repeat （SSR） and insert and deletion （In-Del） markers. Using linkage analysis for the F2 mapping population consisting of 320 completely male sterile individuals derived from a cross between Pei＇ai64S and 93-11 （indica restorer） lines, the pmsl（t） gene was delimited to the region between the RM21242 （0.2 cM） and YF11 （0.2 cM） markers on the short arm of chromosome 7. The interval containing the pmsl（t） locus, which was co-segregated with RM6776, is a 101.1 kb region based on the Nipponbare rice genome. Fourteen predicted loci were found in this region by the Institute for Genomic Research （TIGR） Genomic Annotation. Based on the function of the locus LOC_Os07g12130 by bioinformatics analysis, it is predicted to encode a protein containing a Myb-like DNA-binding domain, and may process the transcript with thermosensory response. The reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） results revealed that the mRNA levels of LOC_Os07g12130 were altered in different photoperiod and temperature treatments. Thus, the LOC_Os07g12130 locus is the most likely candidate gene for pmsl（t）. These results may facilitate not only using the molecular marker assisted selection of PTGMS genes, but also cloning of the pmsl（t） gene itself.

关键词： Super hybrid rice pmsl(t) Photoperiod and thermo-sensitive male sterile gene Genetic mapping

Retrofitting elite cultivars with an ancestral allele for sustainable agriculture

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2021年第6期64卷 1029-1030页

作者： Xianran Li Jianming Yu department of agronomy Iowa State UniversityAmesIowa 50011USA

Gene and environment interplay has always been a fascinating topic in biology and *** the consensus has gradually emerged that what we observe is not decided by one side alone,there is still debate on the relative magnitude of individual contribution,or whether our understanding of the whole system,assuming achievable eventually,can be approximated by some findings of the parts.

关键词： eventually elite alone

Influence of Nitrogen Levels and Application Methods on Yield and Quality of Sorghum

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Pedosphere 2008年第2期18卷 236-241页

作者： A.RASHID R.U.KHAN H.ULLAH Arid Zone Research Irstitute department of agronomy Faculty of Agriculture Gomal University

A field study was conducted for two years at the Arid Zone Research Institute, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan, to determine the optimum level of nitrogen and efficient application method in the production of sorghum （Sorghum bicolor L.）. Using four levels of nitrogen, i.e., 0, 60, 90, and 120 kg ha^-1, and two different application methods （soil application and foliar spray）, the experiment was laid out in a split-plot design, where the main plots were used to determine the effective method of application and the subplots were used to detect the influence of N levels on the grain yield. The average data obtained after two years of study indicated an increase in the grain yields with an increase in N levels irrespective of the method used of N application. The grain yield increased from 2.92 to 5.61 t ha^-1 in the plots that were treated with 90 kg N ha^-1 compared with the control plots. Quadratic regression analysis showed that the increase in the yield was higher at the lower levels of N compared with the succeeding higher levels. The soil application method, producing an average grain yield of 4.79 t ha^-1, was found to be superior to the foliar spray method with an average grain yield of 4.56 t ha^-1. The protein content of the grain showed a linear increase with N application, attaining the maximum at 120 kg N ha^-1 in both the methods of N application. In addition, compared with the method of soil application, higher crude protein contents were observed using the method of foliar spray at all N levels.

关键词： foliar spray grain yield N level protein content soil application