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Agricultural Sciences in China 2011年第2期10卷 228-237页

作者： Mostafa Heidari Parisa Jamshidi Faculty of agronomy and Plant Breeding department University of Zabol department of agronomy University of Zabol

A plot culture experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at University of Zabol,Iran,to study the effects of different salinity levels and potassium supply on pearl *** experiment was laid out in a completely randomized factorial design with three *** sulfate was used as the potassium *** rates of potassium treatments were 0,100,and 200 kg *** millet was subjected to different salinity levels（0,4,8,and 12 ds m-1） through addition of NaCl to irrigation *** showed that the increase in the salt concentration from control to 12 ds m-1 decreased grain yield（38.7%） of millet *** this study,we found a negative relationship between potassium and proline accumulation at vegetative（r2=-0.75＊＊） and reproductive stage（r2=-0.66＊＊） in millet *** stress remarkably elevated the activities of CAT and GPX antioxidant enzymes at vegetative and reproductive ***,potassium application had significant effect on grain yield and increased it about 10.6% at the highest salinity treatment（12 ds m-1）.Though,potassium treatment increased antioxidant activity in millet plants,it had no significant effect on proline content in *** treatment decreased potassium uptake but application potassium increased potassium content in leaves at two stages.

关键词： antioxidants enzymes ion content pearl millet potassium proline salinity

Quantifying cardinal temperatures and thermal time required for germination of Silybum marianum seed

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The Crop Journal 2015年第2期3卷 145-151页

作者： Ghasem Parmoon Seyed Amir Moosavi Hamed Akbari Ali Ebadi department of agronomy and Plant Breeding Faculty of Agriculture Mohaghegh Ardabili University department of agronomy Faculty of Agriculture Tarbiat Modares University

The response of seed germination to environmental factors can be estimated by nonlinear regression. The present study was performed to compare four nonlinear regression models(segmented, beta, beta modified, and dent-like) to describe the germination rate–temperature relationships of milk thistle(Silybum marianum L.) at six constant temperatures, with the aim of identifying the cardinal temperatures and thermal times required to reach different germination percentiles. Models and statistical indices were calibrated using an iterative optimization method and their performance was compared by root mean square error(RMSE), coefficient of determination(R2) and Akaike information criterion correction(AICc). The beta model was found to be the best model for predicting the required time to reach 50% germination(D50),(R2= 0.99;RMSE = 0.004; AICc =-276.97). Based on the model outputs, the base, optimum, and maximum temperatures of seed germination were 5.19 ± 0.79, 24.01 ± 0.11, and 34.32 ± 0.36 °C,respectively. The thermal times required for 50% and 90% germination were 4.99 and7.38 degree-days, respectively.

关键词： Silymarin Regression models Cardinal temperatures Seed germination

Interactive Effect of Potassium and Phosphorus on Grain Quality and Profitability of Sunflower in Northwest Pakistan

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Pedosphere 2011年第4期21卷 532-538页

作者： AM ANULLAH M.W.KHAN department of agronomy Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Agricultural University

A field experiment was conducted using a split plot randomized complete block design with three replications to study the effects of potassium (K) and phosphorus (P) application on sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) growth at the New Developmental Research Farm of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Agricultural University in Peshawar,*** levels of K (0,25,50,75,100 and 125 kg K ha-1) were main plots while four levels of P (0,45,90 and 135 kg P ha-1) were *** in both K and P levels enhanced grain oil concentration of *** in P level increased grain protein concentration,while increase in K level decreased grain protein *** oil and protein yields increased significantly with increase in K and P *** increase in oil and protein yields of sunflower was mainly attributed to the improvement in yield components (grains per head,grain weight and head size) and the significant increase in grain *** highest net returns of 297 and 368 US$ ha-1 based on grain and oil yields,respectively,were obtained from a combination of 100 kg K ha-1 + 45 kg P ha-1.

关键词： economic analysis grain yield oil content protein content

Validation of EST-derived STS markers localized on ***-3BS for Fusarium head blight resistance in wheat using a‘Wangshuibai’derived population

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2008年第10期35卷 625-629页

作者： Amir Mohammad Naji Mohammad Moghaddam Mohammad Reza Ghaffari Hashem Pour Irandoost Laleh Karimi Farsad Seyed Mostafa Pirseyedi Seyed Abolghasem Mohammadi Behzad Ghareyazie Mohsen Mardi department of agronomy and Crop Breeding Shahed University of Tehran department of agronomy and Plant Breeding University of Tabriz department of Genomics Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran

A few EST-derived STS markers localized on ***-3BS, a major QTL for resistance to Fusarium head blight （FHB） in wheat, have been previously identified in the ＇Sumai 3＇/＇Stoa＇ population. In this study, we used a ＇Wangshuibai＇（resistant）/＇Seri82＇（susceptible） derived population, linkage group, QTL, and quantitative gene expression analysis to assess the genetic background dependence and stability of the EST-derived STS markers for use in marker aided selection to improve FHB resistance in wheat. Based on our results, a QTL in the map interval of Xsts3B-138_1-Xgwrn493 on chromosome 3BS was detected for FHB resistance, which accounted for up to 16% of the phenotypic variation. BLASTN analysis indicated that Xsts3B-138_1 sequence had significant similarity with the resistance gene analogue. Real-time quantitative PCR showed that the relative expression of Xsts3B-138_1 in ＇Wangshuibai＇ at 96 h after inoculation was 2.6 times higher than ＇Seri82＇. Our results underlined that EST-derived STS3B-138 markers could be predominantly used in marker aided selection to improve FHB resistance in wheat.

关键词： EST-derived STS markers Qfhs.ndsu-3BS Fusarium head blight wheat

Physiological and biochemical appraisal for mulching and partial rhizosphere drying of cotton

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Journal of Arid Land 2019年第5期11卷 785-794页

作者： Rashid IQBAL Muhammad A S RAZA Muhammad F SALEEM Imran H KHAN Salman AHMAD Muhammad S ZAHEER Muhammad U ASLAM Imran HAIDER department of agronomy College of Agriculture and Environmental SciencesIslamia University of BahawalpurBahawalpur 63100Pakistan department of agronomy University of AgricultureFaisalabad 38040Pakistan department of agronomy Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210000China

Water is the main factor for the healthy life of *** of the main negative effects of climate change is the increasing scarcity of water that is lethal for ***,for water deficit regions(arid and semi-arid),drought is the main factor responsible for low production of agriculture,especially for *** efforts have been and are being made to find alternatives to water saving *** study aimed to examine the effects of partial rhizosphere drying(PRD,half of the root system irrigated at one event,and the other half irrigated in the next event,and so on)with and/or without various mulching treatments on physiological and biochemical traits of *** explore this objective,we laid out experiments in completely randomized design with factorial arrangement in the Islamia University of Bahawalpur,Pakistan in *** factors included were four mulching treatments(M0,no mulching;M1,black plastic mulching;M2,wheat straw mulching;and M3,cotton sticks mulching)and two irrigation levels(I0,control(full irrigation);and I1,PRD).Fisher's analysis of variance among means of treatments was compared using least significant difference test at 5% probability *** revealed that the maximum plant height,leaf area,leaf gas exchange(photosynthetic rate and stomata conductance),chlorophyll,proline and total sugar contents,and enzyme activities were higher under M2 than under other three mulching *** for irrigation levels,higher values of plant height,photosynthesis and water related parameters(leaf water potential,leaf osmotic potential,leaf turgor potential,etc.)were *** of total sugar and proline and activities of antioxidant enzymes were significantly higher in PRD-treated plants than in control *** was concluded that combined application of PRD and mulching was more effective than the rest of the treatments used in the *** study can be conducted in the field by applying irrigation water in alternate row

关键词： antioxidant enzymes mulching partial rhizosphere drying photosynthetic rate stomatal conductance

Maize response to elevated plant density combined with lowered N-fertilizer rate is genotype-dependent

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The Crop Journal 2015年第2期3卷 96-109页

作者： Ahmed Medhat M.Al-Naggar Reda A.Shabana Mohamed M.M.Atta Tarek H.Al-Khalil agronomy department Faculty of Agriculture Cairo University

Increasing plant density and improving N fertilizer rate along with the use of high density-tolerant genotypes would lead to maximizing maize(Zea mays L.) grain productivity per unit land area. The objective of this investigation was to match the functions of optimum plant density and adequate nitrogen fertilizer application to produce the highest possible yields per unit area with the greatest maize genotype efficiency. Six maize inbred lines differing in tolerance to low N and high density(D) [three tolerant(T); L-17, L-18, L-53,and three sensitive(S); L-29, L-54, L-55] were chosen for diallel crosses. Parents and crosses were evaluated in the 2012 and 2013 seasons under three plant densities: low(47,600),medium(71,400), and high(95,200) plants ha-1and three N fertilization rates: low(no N addition), medium(285 kg N ha-1) and high(570 kg N ha-1). The T × T crosses were superior to the S × S and T × S crosses under the low N–high D environment in most studied traits across seasons. The relationships between the nine environments and grain yield per hectare(GYPH) showed near-linear regression functions for inbreds L54, L29, and L55 and hybrids L18 × L53 and L18 × L55 with the highest GYPH at a density of47,600 plants ha-1and N rate of 570 kg N ha-1and a curvilinear relationship for inbreds L17, L18, and L53 and the rest of the hybrids with the highest GYPH at a density of95,200 plants ha-1combined with an N rate of 570 kg N ha-1. Cross L17 × L54 gave the highest grain yield in this study under both high N–high-D(19.9 t ha-1) and medium N–high-D environments(17.6 t ha-1).

关键词： Quadratic regression Appropriate N rate High-density tolerant maize Unit area productivity

Expression Comparisons of Pathogenesis-Related(PR) Genes in Wheat in Response to Infection/Infestation by Fusarium, Yellow dwarf virus(YDV) Aphid-Transmitted and Hessian Fly

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第5期13卷 926-936页

作者： WU Shi-wen WANG Hong-wei YANG Zai-dong KONG Ling-rang State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/College of agronomy Shandong Agricultural University department of agronomy Purdue University

Expression profiles of ten pathogenesis-related （PR） genes during plant defense against Fusarium, Yellow dwarf virus （YDV） aphid-transmitted and Hessian fly （Hf） were compared temporally in both resistant and susceptible genotypes following pathogen infection or insect infestation. Quantitative real-time PCR （qRT-PCR） revealed that PR1, PR2, PR3, PR5, PR6, PR8, PR9, and PR15 appeared to be induced or suppressed independently in response to Fusarium, YDV aphid-transmitted or Hf during the interactions. The PR gene（s） essential to defense against one organism may play little or no role in defense against another pathogen or pest, suggesting the alternative mechanisms may be involved in different interactions of wheat- Fusarium, wheat-YDV aphid-transmitted and wheat-Hf. However, strong up- or down-regulation of PRl2 and PR14 encoding low molecular membrane acting protein, defensin and lipid transfer protein （LTP）, respectively, had been detected after either pathogen infection or insect infestation, therefore showed broad responses to pathogens and insects. It was postulated that low molecular proteins such as defensins and LTPs might play a role in the early stages of pathogenesis in the signaling process that informs plants about the attack from biotic stresses. In addition, a synergistic action between different PR genes might exist in plants to defense certain pathogens and insects on the basis of comprehensive expression profiling of various pathogenesis-related genes revealed by qRT-PCR in this study.

关键词： pathogenesis-related genes Fusarium graminearum Yellow dwarf virus aphid-transmitted Hessian fly real-timequantitative RT-PCR

Investigation of Combining Plant Genotypic Values and Molecular Marker Information for Constructing Core Subsets

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2006年第11期48卷 1371-1378页

作者： Jian-Cheng Wang Jin Hu Ning-Ning Liu Hai-Ming Xu Sheng Zhang department of agronomy Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310029 China

In the present study, a strategy was proposed for constructing plant core subsets by clusters based on the combination of continuous data for genotypic values and discrete data for molecular marker InformaUon. A mixed linear model approach was used to predict genotyplc values for eliminating the environment effect. The ＂mixed genetic distance＂ was designed to solve the difficult problem of combining continuous and discrete data to construct a core subset by cluster. Four commonly used genetic distances for continuous data （Euclidean distance, standardized Euclidean distance, city block distance, and Mahalanobls distance） were used to assess the validity of the conUnuous data part of the mixed genetic distance; three commonly used genetic distances for discrete data （cosine distance, correlaUon distance, and Jaccard distance） were used to assess the validity of the discrete data part of the mixed genetic distance, A rice germplasm group with eight quantitative traits and information for 60 molecular markers was used to evaluate the validity of the new strategy. The results suggest that the validity of both parts of the mixed geneUc distance are equal to or higher than the common geneUc distance. The core subset constructed on the basis of a combination of data for genotyplc values and molecular marker information was more representative than that constructed on the basis of data from genotypic values or molecular marker informaUon alone. Moreover, the strategy of using combined data was able to treat dominant marker informaUon and could combine any other continuous data and discrete data together to perform cluster to construct a plant core subset.

关键词： cluster core subset genotypic value mixed linear model molecular marker information

Effect of cadmium on growth and photosynthesis of tomato seedlings

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2005年第10期6卷 974-980页

作者：董静邬飞波张国平 department of agronomy Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310029 China

A hydroponic experiment carried out to study the effect of five Cd levels on growth and photosynthesis of two tomato cultivars showed that the addition of 0.1 μmol/L Cd induced a slight increase in plant height of Hezuo 903 and the SPAD (the Soil–Plant Analyses Development) value of the 2 cultivars. However, at higher Cd levels, i.e., 1 and 10 μmol/L, root length and volume, plant height, and SPAD value were all significantly reduced. On an average of the 2 cultivars, exposure to 1 and 10 μmol/L Cd for 33 d reduced plant height by 18.9% and 46.4% and SPAD value by 11.2% and 31.6%, compared with control, respectively. Similarly, root length was reduced by 41.1% and 25.8% and root volume by 45.2% and 63.7%, respectively. The addition of Cd in the growth medium also had significant deleterious effect on net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and intracellular CO2 concentration (Ci), with Pn being reduced by 27.2% and 62.1% at 1 μmol/L and 10 μmol/L Cd treatments compared to the control, respectively, while Ci increased correspondingly by 28.4% and 39.3%.

关键词： Cadmium, Growth, Photosynthesis, Tomato

The Genetic and Molecular Basis of Plant Resistance to Pathogens

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2013年第1期40卷 23-35页

作者： Yan Zhang Thomas Lubberstedt Mingliang Xu National Maize Improvement Center of China China Agricultural University Iowa State University Department of Agronomy1204 Agronomy Hall

Plant pathogens have evolved numerous strategies to obtain nutritive materials from their host, and plants in turn have evolved the preformed physical and chemical barriers as well as sophisticated two-tiered immune system to combat pathogen attacks. Genetically, plant resistance to pathogens can be divided into qualitative and quantitative disease resistance, conditioned by major gene（s） and multiple genes with minor effects, respectively. Qualitative disease resistance has been mostly detected in plant defense against biotrophic pathogens, whereas quantitative disease resistance is involved in defense response to all plant pathogens, from biotrophs, hemibiotrophs to necrotrophs. Plant resistance is achieved through interception of pathogen-derived effectors and elicitation of defense response. In recent years, great progress has been made related to the molecular basis underlying host--pathogen interactions. In this review, we would like to provide an update on genetic and molecular aspects of plant resistance to pathogens.

关键词： Resistance to pathogen Innate immune system R genes