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Climate Change Favors Grapevine Production in Temperate Zones

Agricultural Sciences 2018年第3期9卷 247-263页

作者： Bruno Koch Fritz Oehl Kastanienberg Hainfeld Germany Agroscope Competence Division for Plants and Plant Products Ecotoxicology W&#228 denswil Switzerland

Wine production has a long-standing history in Palatinate (Southwestern Germany), dating back to Roman times. Especially “Riesling”, but also several “Pinot” varieties gained major significance. Red wine varieties gained prominence over the last 20 years only, which may be a consequence of climate change. Our objective was to review temperature and rainfall data over the last 40 years, measured “on-winery” in Hainfeld and correlate these data with grapevine growth parameters: the development of bud break, flowering, veraison and harvest dates, yields and grape sugar concentrations of “Pinot Gris”, “Pinot Noir”, “Riesling”, “Silvaner” and “Müller-Thurgau”. Since the 1970s, bud break, flowering and veraison are 11 - 15, 18 - 22 and 16 - 22 days earlier;harvest dates are 25 - 40 days earlier. Sugar concentrations increased significantly, but yields decreased. Annual rainfall has not significantly risen, while the mean annual minimum and maximum air-temperatures rose by ~0.9°C, and by ~3.4°C, respectively, resulting in an average increase of the mean annual temperature of ~2.1°C. Remarkably, both mean monthly minimum and maximum temperatures rose especially in springtime, which should have been the driver for earlier bud break and flowering. A change in the climatic conditions, therefore, appears to be one of the key reasons for more favorable grapevine production in Palatinate, especially for “Pinot Noir”, which showed the highest increase in sugar concentrations. The Huglin-index, a measure for the suitability of growing specific grapevine varieties in given environments, increased from 1685 to 2063. According to this index, the climate change may be favorable already for growing grape varieties so far rarely grown in temperate zones, such as “Cabernet Sauvignon”, “Syrah” and “Tempranillo” that are more suited to warmer, Mediterranean climates.

关键词： Central Europe Climatic Diversity Viticulture Vitis vinifera

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作物管理对低亚麻酸品种的脂肪酸组分含量的影响(英文)

作物管理对低亚麻酸品种的脂肪酸组分含量的影响(英文)

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第十二届国际油菜大会

作者： A.Baux D.Pellet Agroscope Changins-Wdenswil research station ACW Department Field Crops-GrasslandCP 1012 1260 NyonSwitzerland Agroscope Changins-Wdenswil research station ACW Department Field Crops-GrasslandCP 1012 1260 NyonSwitzerland

富含α—亚麻酸的菜油加热时易氧化。低亚麻酸含量的油菜新品种,不同地方和不同年份的含量变化从1.5%到4.5%。据Everard（2004）,当C18:3含量达到2.5%阀值以上时,菜油加热过程中会出现典型难闻气味。因此,对亚麻酸含量变异性的理解有利... 详细信息

富含α—亚麻酸的菜油加热时易氧化。低亚麻酸含量的油菜新品种,不同地方和不同年份的含量变化从1.5%到4.5%。据Everard（2004）,当C18:3含量达到2.5%阀值以上时,菜油加热过程中会出现典型难闻气味。因此,对亚麻酸含量变异性的理解有利于生产出合适的菜油品质。脂肪酸组分受基因、气候条件,特别是温度的影响。然而,作物管理也是很关键的。因为同一栽培种的邻近地存在差异,尽管它们有类似气候和基因型背景。2004年,在瑞士Changins实验站的试验证明,播种密度,施硫肥,昆虫、害虫控制对脂肪酸组分没有影响。在区试实验中,施高水平的氮肥和硫肥和粗放的作物管理措施及有限的植物保护,亚麻酸的含量只有稍微增加。氮肥影响含油量,但对脂肪酸组分影响不明显。2004年,品种（MSP01）似乎对氮肥很敏感,在高施肥条件下,亚麻酸含量提高。而当氮肥在90,130和170kgN·ha,Splendor没有明显差异。2005年在Changins实验站的不同作物管理试验数据表明,油品质的几个参数之间（油和蛋白质含量,油酸和亚麻酸含量）呈有趣的关联。油和蛋白质含量高度负相关（r2=-0.96）,并且都仅部分解释亚麻酸的含量的变异性。其与蛋白质和油含量的相关系数分别为r=0.34和r=-0.42。作物管理技巧对油和蛋白质含量的影响对传统油菜品种已有广泛研究,其结论似乎也对低亚麻酸品种适用。因此,一定条件下,用适当的氮肥调节亚麻酸含量也是可能的。因此这是一种增加菜籽油含量的方法。

关键词： alpha-linolenic acid crop management N fertilization protein oil grain filling

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Sequence data reveal a high diversity of Cantharellus associated with endemic vegetation in Madagascar

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Fungal Diversity 2015年第1期70卷 189-208页

作者： Bart Buyck Frank Kauff Emile Randrianjohany Valérie Hofstetter Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle Dépt.Systématique et Evolution CP39UMR 720575005 ParisFrance Fachbereich Biologie Abt.Molekulare PhylogenetikTechnische Universität KaiserslauternPostfach 304967653 KaiserslauternGermany Centre National de Recherche sur l’Environnement(CNRE) BP 1739Lab.de Microbiologie de l’Environnement(LME)AntananarivoMadagascar Department of plant protection Agroscope Changins-Wädenswil Research Station ACWRte De Duiller1260 NyonSwitzerland

This revision of Cantharellus in Madagascar deals with species that are associated with strictly endemic host trees and *** on morphological differences and molecular sequence data of the tef-1 gene,five new species are proposed(***,***,***,*** and ***),as well as one new subspecies,*** ***,whereas *** and *** *** are epitypified.A key is provided to all Cantharellus that grow with native vegetation in Madagascar.

关键词： Biodiversity Cantharellales Identification key New species Phylogeny Taxonomy Transcription elongation factor 1alpha

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Treatment of Retained Fetal Membranes: Comparison of the Postpartum Period after Routine Treatment or Routine Treatment Including an Additional Phytotherapeutic Substance in Dairy Cattle in Switzerland

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Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2015年第4期5卷 93-99页

作者： Benjamin Biner Men Bischoff Franziska Klarer Fritz Suhner Jürg Hüsler Gaby Hirsbrunner Clinica Alpina Scuol Switzerland Clinic for Ruminants Vetsuisse Faculty University of Berne Berne Switzerland Unit of Phytopharmacy Institute of Biotechnology Zürich University of Applied Sciences W&auml denswil Switzerland Rena Handels AG Hindelbank Switzerland Institute of Mathematical Statistics and Actuarial Science University of Berne Berne Switzerland

Background: The therapy of retained fetal membranes (RFM) is a controversial subject. In Switzerland, intrauterine antibiotics are routinely administered although their effect on fertility parameters is questionable. The objective of this study was to compare the post-partal period after a routine treatment of RFM in 2 groups: one group received a placebo additionally (A), whereas the other group received a phytotherapeutic substance (lime bark) (B) additionally. The routine treatment of RFM included an attempt to manually remove the fetal membranes (for a maximum of 5 min), intramuscular administration of oxytetracycline and intrauterine treatment with tetracycline. In case of an elevated rectal temperature (>39.0°C), an additional non-steroidal inflam-matory drug was allowed. Methods: Cows undergoing caesarean section, suffering from prolapse of the uterus, deep cervical or vaginal injuries, hypocalcaemia, and illnesses during the last 14 days before calving were excluded. Cows had to be more than 265 days pregnant. Only cows that were artificially inseminated after RFM were included. Group stratification was done according to the last number on the ear tag (even/uneven) with (n = 50) cows in group A and (n = 55) cows in group B. Results: The number of treatments after the initial treatment of RFM was not significantly different between groups. The median interval from calving to the first insemination was 77 days in group A compared to 82 days in group B (p = 0.72). The number of AI’s until conception was not significantly different between groups. The median number of days open was 89 days in group A compared to 96 days in group B (p = 0.57). The culling rate was not significantly different between groups. Conclusion: There was neither a difference between the groups concerning therapies within the first 50 days after RFM nor concerning the subsequent fertility variables.

关键词： Cattle Retained Fetal Membranes Phytotherapy Fertility

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What if esca disease of grapevine were not a fungal disease?

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Fungal Diversity 2012年第3期54卷 51-67页

作者： Valérie Hofstetter Bart Buyck Daniel Croll Olivier Viret Arnaud Couloux Katia Gindro Agroscope Changins-Wädenswil(ACW) Plant Protection Field Crops and Grapevine/Viticulture and EnologyCP10121260 Nyon1Switzerland Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle Dépt.Systématique etévolutionCP 39UMR 720557 rue Cuvier75231 Paris cedex 05France Plant Pathology Institute for Integrative BiologyETH Zurich8092 ZurichSwitzerland Centre national de séquençage Genoscope2 rue Gaston-CrémieuxCP 570691057 Evry cedexFrance

Esca disease,which attacks the wood of grapevine,has become increasingly devastating during the past three decades and represents today a major concern in all wine-producing *** disease is attributed to a group of systematically diverse fungi that are considered to be latent pathogens,however,this has not been conclusively *** study presents the first in-depth comparison between the mycota of healthy and diseased plants taken from the same vineyard to determine which fungi become invasive when foliar symptoms of esca *** unprecedented high fungal diversity,158 species,is here reported exclusively from grapevine wood in a single Swiss vineyard *** identical mycota inhabits wood of healthy and diseased adult plants and presumed esca pathogens were widespread and occurred in similar frequencies in both plant *** esca-associated fungi are not transmitted from adult to nursery plants through the grafting *** the presumed esca-associated fungal pathogens are most likely saprobes decaying already senescent or dead wood resulting from intensive pruning,frost or other mecanical injuries as *** cause of esca disease therefore remains elusive and requires well executive scientific *** results question the assumed pathogenicity of fungi in other diseases of plants or animals where identical mycota are retrieved from both diseased and healthy individuals.

关键词： Fungal community Vitis vinifera Esca disease ITS based fungal identification Fungal pathogens

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A multilocus phylogeny for worldwide Cantharellus (Cantharellales, Agaricomycetidae)

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Fungal Diversity 2014年第1期64卷 101-121页

作者： Bart Buyck Frank Kauff Guillaume Eyssartier AndréCouloux Valérie Hofstetter Départment systématique etévolution CP39 UMR 7205Muséum national d’histoire naturelle75005 ParisFrance Fachbereich Biologie Abt.Molekulare PhylogenetikTechnische Universität KaiserslauternPostfach 304967653 KaiserslauternGermany 78 boulevard Stalingrad24000 PérigueuxFrance Centre national de séquençage Genoscope2 rue Gaston-CrémieuxCP 570691057 Evry cedexFrance Department of Plant Protection Agroscope Changins-Wädenswil Research Station ACWRte De Duiller1260 NyonSwitzerland

After a short historical overview of past systematic studies on Cantharellus,discussing delimitation and species diversity of the genus as well as previous,morphology-based,infrageneric classifications,this paper presents the first molecularly-based infrageneric classification of this genus using a multigene phylogenetic approach(nucLSU,mitSSU,RPB2 and tef-1)on a dataset that covers approximately halve of the described chanterelles worldwide,including many type *** subgenera are recognized and the recognition of subgenus Afrocantharellus as a separate genus is not *** taxonomic value of individual morphological features is discussed as challenged by this new multigene phylogeny which comprises five new sections,one new subgenus and many emendations for previously recognized infrageneric *** paper discusses the observed discrepancy in biodiversity of Cantharellus when comparing between studies that focus either on below-or above-ground presence.A preliminary biogeographic hypothesis suggests an‘out of Africa’Gondwanan origin as a result of vicariance and subsequent migrations.

关键词： Biogeography Ectomycorrhiza Gondwana mitSSU nucLSU RPB2 tef-1 Systematics

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Molecular evidence for novel Cantharellus (Cantharellales, Basidiomycota) from tropical African miombo woodland and a key to all tropical African chanterelles

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Fungal Diversity 2013年第1期58卷 281-298页

作者： Bart Buyck Frank Kauff Corinne Cruaud Valérie Hofstetter Département Systématique etévolution UMR7205Muséum National d’Histoire NaturelleCP39Rue Buffon 1275005 ParisFrance Fachbereich Biologie Abt.Molekulare PhylogenetikTechnische Universität KaiserslauternPostfach 304967653 KaiserslauternGermany Centre national de séquençage Genoscope2 rue Gaston-CrémieuxCP 570691057 Evry cedexFrance Department of plant protection Agroscope Changins-Wädenswil Research Station ACWRte De Duiller1260 NyonSwitzerland

The authors present a combined morphological and molecular approach of the genus Cantharellus in *** descriptions and detailed illustrations are provided for five new species from the Zambezian savannah woodlands in tropical Africa:***,***,***,*** and ***.A maximum likelihood analysis of tef-1 sequences obtained for 83 collections of Cantharellus that are representative of all major groups in world wide Cantharellus,places a total of 13 African chanterelles,including the five newly described *** recognition of a separate genus Afrocantharellus is *** identification key based on the re-examination of all existing type material is provided for all presently known African Cantharellus.

关键词： Afrocantharellus Biodiversity Guineocongolian rain forest Identification key Phylogeny Tanzania Zambezian woodlands

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Quality aspects of coffees and teas: Application of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy to the elucidation of free radical and other processes.

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Agricultural Sciences 2013年第8期4卷 433-442页

作者： Bernard A.Goodman Chahan Yeretzian Klaus Stolze Deng Wen State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources Guangxi UniversityNanningChina Zurich University of Applied Sciences Institute of Chemistry and Biological ChemistryWädenswilSwitzerland Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology Dept.Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Veterinary MedicineViennaAustria Department of Physics Guangxi UniversityNanningChina

Coffees and teas are beverages that are both exceptionally rich in antioxidant molecules, and are also both associated with beneficial health effects. Thus although the quality characteristics of these beverages are conventionally assessed on the basis of their sensory properties, their antioxidant contents represent an additional and increasingly valued attribute of quality based on their contributions to healthy diets. Both beverages are prepared by hot water extraction of a pure plant-derived product, and thus their compositions can potentially change quite rapidly as a result of oxidation in contact with air. Oxidative processes often proceed via free radical intermediates, and sometimes also result in the formation of stable radical end-products;thus EPR spectroscopy is a convenient technique for investigating some of the various free radical reactions that occur in these beverages. This paper reviews progress that has been made in elucidating free radical processes that occur during the preparation and storage of coffees and teas, and the results are discussed in terms of quality criteria of the beverages.

关键词： Coffee Tea Free Radicals Antioxidants EPR Spectroscopy Quality

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Genomic prediction of fruit texture and training population optimization towards the application of genomic selection in apple

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Horticulture Research 2020年第1期7卷 889-902页

作者： Morgane Roth Hélène Muranty Mario Di Guardo Walter Guerra Andrea Patocchi Fabrizio Costa Plant Breeding Research Division AgroscopeWädenswilZurichSwitzerland IRHS INRAEAgrocampus-OuestUniversitéd’AngersSFR 4207 QuaSaVBeaucouzéFrance Department of Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops Research and Innovation CentreFondazione Edmund Mach(FEM)Via E.Mach 138010 San Michele all’AdigeItaly Department of Agriculture Food and Environment(Di3A)University of CataniaCataniaItaly Research Centre Laimburg Laimburg 639040 AuerItaly Center Agriculture Food Environment University of TrentoVia Mach 138010 San Michele all’AdigeItaly Present address:GAFL INRAE84140 MontfavetFrance

Texture is a complex trait and a major component of fruit quality in *** the major effect of MdPG1,a gene controlling firmness,has already been exploited in elite cultivars,the genetic basis of crispness remains poorly *** further improve fruit texture,harnessing loci with minor effects via genomic selection is therefore *** this study,we measured acoustic and mechanical features in 537 genotypes to dissect the firmness and crispness components of fruit *** of across-year phenotypic values for these components were calculated using a model calibrated with 8,294 SNP *** best prediction accuracies following cross-validations within the training set of 259 genotypes were obtained for the acoustic linear distance(0.64).Predictions for biparental families using the entire training set varied from low to high accuracy,depending on the family *** adding siblings or half-siblings into the training set did not clearly improve predictions,we performed an optimization of the training set size and composition for each validation *** allowed us to increase prediction accuracies by 0.17 on average,with a maximal accuracy of 0.81 when predicting firmness in the‘Gala’×‘Pink Lady’*** results therefore identified key genetic parameters to consider when deploying genomic selection for texture in *** particular,we advise to rely on a large training population,with high phenotypic variability from which a‘tailored training population’can be extracted using a priori information on genetic relatedness,in order to predict a specific target population.

关键词： prediction optimization fir

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The apple REFPOP—a reference population for genomics-assisted breeding in apple

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Horticulture Research 2020年第1期7卷 364-379页

作者： Michaela Jung Morgane Roth Maria JoséAranzana Annemarie Auwerkerken Marco Bink Caroline Denancé Christian Dujak Charles-Eric Durel Carolina Font i Forcada Celia M.Cantin Walter Guerra Nicholas P.Howard Beat Keller Mariusz Lewandowski Matthew Ordidge Marijn Rymenants Nadia Sanin Bruno Studer Edward Zurawicz François Laurens Andrea Patocchi Hélène Muranty Molecular Plant Breeding Institute of Agricultural SciencesETH Zurich8092 ZurichSwitzerland Breeding Research group Agroscope 8820 WädenswilSwitzerland IRTA(Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries) 08140 Caldes de MontbuiBarcelonaSpain Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics(CRAG)CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB Campus UAB08193 BellaterraBarcelonaSpain Better3fruit N.V. 3202 RillaarBelgium Biometris Wageningen University and Research6708 PB WageningenThe Netherlands Hendrix Genetics Research Technology and Services B.V.PO Box 1145830AC BoxmeerThe Netherlands IRHS Universitéd’AngersINRAEInstitut AgroSFR 4207 QuaSaV49071 BeaucouzéFrance ARAID(Fundación Aragonesa para la Investigación y el Desarrollo) 50018 ZaragozaSpain Research Centre Laimburg 39040 AuerItaly Department of Horticultural Science University of MinnesotaSt.PaulMN 55108USA Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences University of Oldenburg26129 OldenburgGermany Research Institute of Horticulture 96-100 SkierniewicePoland School of Agriculture Policy and DevelopmentUniversity of ReadingWhiteknights RG66AR ReadingUK Laboratory for Plant Genetics and Crop Improvement KU Leuven B-3001 LeuvenBelgium GAFL INRAE84140 MontfavetFrance

Breeding of apple is a long-term and costly process due to the time and space requirements for screening selection ***-assisted breeding utilizes genomic and phenotypic information to increase the selection efficiency in breeding programs,and measurements of phenotypes in different environments can facilitate the application of the approach under various climatic *** we present an apple reference population:the apple REFPOP,a large collection formed of 534 genotypes planted in six European countries,as a unique tool to accelerate apple *** population consisted of 269 accessions and 265 progeny from 27 parental combinations,representing the diversity in cultivated apple and current European breeding material,respectively.A high-density genome-wide dataset of 303,239 SNPs was produced as a combined output of two SNP arrays of different densities using marker imputation with an imputation accuracy of *** on the genotypic data,linkage disequilibrium was low and population structure was *** well-studied phenological traits of horticultural importance were *** found marker–trait associations in several previously identified genomic regions and maximum predictive abilities of 0.57 and 0.75 for floral emergence and harvest date,*** decreasing SNP density,the detection of significant marker–trait associations varied depending on trait *** of the trait,10,000 SNPs sufficed to maximize genomic prediction *** confirm the suitability of the apple REFPOP design for genomics-assisted breeding,especially for breeding programs using related germplasm,and emphasize the advantages of a coordinated and multinational effort for customizing apple breeding methods in the genomics era.

关键词： breeding planted utilize

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