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Endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury:PERK as a potential target for intervention

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1455-1466页

作者： Ju Zheng Yixin Li Ting Zhang Yanlin Fu Peiyan Long Xiao Gao Zhengwei Wang Zhizhong Guan Xiaolan Qi Wei Hong Yan Xiao Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases Ministry of Education&Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Guizhou ProvinceGuizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangGuizhou ProvinceChina Guizhou center for Disease Control and Prevention GuiyangGuizhou ProvinceChina Department of Histology and Embryology Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangGuizhou ProvinceChina Collaborative Innovation center for Prevention and Control of Endemic and Ethnic regional Diseases Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry GuiyangGuizhou ProvinceChina

Several studies have shown that activation of unfolded protein response and endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress plays a crucial role in severe cerebral ischemia/reperfusion *** occurs within hours after cerebral ischemia,but the relationship between ER stress and autophagy remains *** this study,we established experimental models using oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation in PC12 cells and primary neurons to simulate cerebral ischemia/reperfusion *** found that prolongation of oxygen-glucose deprivation activated the ER stress pathway protein kinase-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase(PERK)/eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit alpha(e IF2α)-activating transcription factor 4(ATF4)-C/EBP homologous protein(CHOP),increased neuronal apoptosis,and induced ***,inhibition of ER stress using inhibitors or by si RNA knockdown of the PERK gene significantly attenuated excessive autophagy and neuronal apoptosis,indicating an interaction between autophagy and ER stress and suggesting PERK as an essential target for regulating *** autophagy with chloroquine exacerbated ER stress-induced apoptosis,indicating that normal levels of autophagy play a protective role in neuronal injury following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion *** from this study indicate that cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury can trigger neuronal ER stress and promote autophagy,and suggest that PERK is a possible target for inhibiting excessive autophagy in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.

关键词： apoptosis ATF4 autophagy C/EBP homologous protein cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury eIF2α endoplasmic reticulum stress PERK

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Stakeholder and Public Involvement in Risk Governance

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2015年第1期6卷 8-20页

作者： Ortwin Renn economic and Social Sciences Department and Stuttgart Research center for Interdisciplinary Risk and Innovation studies University of Stuttgart

Stakeholder involvement has been a major requirement for effective, efficient, and fair risk *** risk management includes uncertain outcomes that affect different parts of the population to different degrees it is essential to integrate the knowledge, values, and interests of stakeholders into the risk policy making *** article provides insights into how to structure and organize stakeholder participation and how to cope with the challenges of complexity, uncertainty, and ambiguity. For each of the three challenges there is a need for specific input from stakeholders. The article describes these requirements and explains the formats that have been tested for providing this input to the risk governance process.

关键词： Participatory formats Public participation Risk governance Stakeholder involvement

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Social Construction Functions of Consumption Space under Stratification:The Case of Guangzhou

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Chinese Geographical Science 2010年第5期20卷 450-460页

作者： LIN Geng WANG Lianjun ZHANG Xiaoying Department of Urban and regional Planning/center for Urban and regional studies School of Geography and Planning SUN Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China

As Chinese cities rapidly transformed themselves into consumerist societies,the relationship between consumers and consumption space under stratification has become a new research area in the field of urban social *** on a consumer behavior analysis,this study explores the relationship between consumption space and the social strata of consumers in typical shopping malls in Guangzhou where the first shopping mall in China was *** result shows that shopping malls have performed significant constructive functions of organizing consumers from different social classes into different consumption *** middle-and upper-class consumers,the function of shopping malls centers on utilitarian consumption,identity recognition,and identity construction;whereas for lower-class consumers,its function revolves around pleasure and *** symbolism of consumption space is the underlying reason for shopping malls to have their social constructive *** findings of this research suggest that:1) a shopping mall is a productive consumption space and a geographical space with subjectivity;2) the micro-location of a shopping mall has social construction function;and 3) symbolic consumption is the core of social construction.

关键词： consumption space stratification shopping mail social construction social identity symbolic consumption

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The Future is in the Past： Projecting and Plotting the Potential Rate of Growth and Trajectory of the Structural Change of the Chinese Economy for the Next 20 Years

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China & World Economy 2015年第1期23卷 21-46页

作者： Jun Zhang Liheng Xu Fang Liu Professor of economics China Center for Economic Studies Fudan University Shanghai China China center for economic studies Fudan University Shanghai China

Based on the convergence hypothesis and referring to the experience of East Asian high-performing economies from 1950 to 2010, this paper projects and plots the potential growth rate of the Chinese economy over the next 20years. It predicts that the potential growth rate of per capita GDP adjusted by purchasing power parity averages at 6. 02 percent from 2015 to 2035, while the potential GDP growth rate of 2015 would still be above 8percent, which implies that the realized rate of growth has not reached its potential since 2012. Besides, based on the per capita GDP projected and on cross -country comparison, the paper plots the trajectory of structural change of the Chinese economy from 2015 to 2035. The result shows that：（i） the value-added share of primary industry will drop more rapidly than the employment share; （ii） the value-added share of secondary industry will decline and employment share will present an inverted U shape whose turning point will probably come between 2020 and 2025; （iii） both the value-added and employment share of tertiary industry will increase continuously.

关键词： Asian economies convergence economic growth structural change the Chinese economy

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Internet Financial Risks and Investors’Risk Awareness--Evidence from Transaction Data of Online Lending Platforms

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China Finance and economic Review 2019年第3期8卷 59-74页

作者： Dongsheng Deng Zhao Chen China center for economic studies Fudan UniversityChina

For the first time,this paper uses the operation data of 575 online P2P lending platforms to test whether investors have a strong risk awareness of online lending *** is found that investors’behavior shows a certain risk awareness,both for the individual risk of specific platforms and for the overall market risk of the *** the one hand,raising interest rates and shortening the term does attract more investment,but for potentially problematic platforms,the effect of attracting investment is significantly worse,with excessive interest rates on the platforms even causing investors to invest *** the other hand,when there are more online lending platforms in the market,investors will behave more cautiously.

关键词： online P2P lending problematic platforms market risk risk awareness

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RCEP AND ASIA-PACIFIC regional COOPERATION

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Contemporary World 2021年第2期 28-33页

作者： ZHANG JIANPING DONG LIANG center for regional economic Cooperation studies of Chinese Academy of International Trade and economic Cooperation center for regional economic Cooperation studies of Chinese Academy of International Trade and economic Cooperation School of economics Peking University

On November 15,2020,the 4th RCEP leaders’Meeting was held via video-link,at which China,Japan,South Korea,Australia,New Zealand and the 10 ASEAN countries formally signed the regional Comprehensive economic Partnersh... 详细信息

关键词： RCEP bringing formally

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The US Unanticipated Costs of Decoupling from China

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China & World Economy 2020年第6期28卷 1-27页

作者： Jun Zhang Shuo Shi School of economics and China center for economic studies Fudan UniversityShanghai Institute of International Finance and EconomicsChina China center for economic studies Fudan UniversityChina

The decoupling policies enforced by the Trump Administration aim to break the US economic relationship with *** policies,however,are escalating strategic costs for the US in at least three unanticipated ways:the decoupling policies are losing the endorsement o f US multinational corporations,undermining the solidarity o f the US and its allies,and making supply chains more likely to disengage from the US than to disengage from *** argue that the ongoing decoupling policies are costing more than the US can bear and will end in *** the Trump Administration enforces further decoupling policies without considering those implicit costs,it will only set the US up for a more expensive failure.

关键词： China COVID-19 decoupling global supply chains

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The coordinated evolution of ecological environment,public service,and tourism economy along the Silk Road economic Belt,using the Dual-Carbon Targets

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Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2024年第1期22卷 34-47页

作者： Shuo Yang Wei Guo Tianjun Xu Tongtong Liu School of economic and Management Yanshan UniversityQinhuangdao 066004China regional economic Development center Yanshan UniversityQinhuangdao 066004China

Carbon peak and carbon neutrality(dual-carbon)are important targets for the international response to climate *** Silk Road economic Belt is a strategic resource region and is important for future ecological environment and tourism *** on the“dual-carbon”targets,the Single index quantification,Multiple index synthesis,and Poly-criteria integration evaluation model were used in this study to measure the coordinated development index of the ecological environment,public service,and tourism economy along the Silk Road economic Belt and to analyze its spatial and temporal ***,it explores the dynamic evolution and development trend of the three systems using the Kernel Density and Grey Markov Prediction *** results show that the coordinated development index along this region needs to be improved during the study ***,the coordinated development index of the Southwest region is relatively higher than that of the Northwest *** the development trend of the three systems,all of them develop in a stable manner;however,the tourism economy system is easily affected by external *** coordinated development index of the three systems changes dynamically and tends to be in a good state of *** is a certain spatial and temporal *** gravity center of the coordinated development index has been in the Southwest *** the forecast period,the coordinated development index along this region will improve significantly,while insufficient and unbalanced development will continue.

关键词： Dual-carbon Ecological environment Public services Tourist economy Silk Road economic Belt

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Objective identification research on cold vortex and mid-summer rainy periods in Northeast China

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Chinese Physics B 2015年第4期24卷 571-580页

作者：龚志强封泰晨房一禾 Laboratory for Climate studies and Climate Monitoring and Diagnose National Climate Center China Meteorological Administration Atmosphere and Science College Lanzhou University regional Climate center of Shenyang

Considering the differences between the Northeast China Cold Vortex （CV） and the Mid-Summer （MS） rainy period and their corresponding atmospheric circulations are comprehensively analyzed, and the objective identification methods of defining the annual beginning and ending dates of Northeast China CV and MS rainy periods are developed respectively. The annual beginning date of the CV （MS） rainy period is as follows. In a period from April to August, if daily regional mean precipitation ryi is larger than yearly regional mean precipitation R （or 2R） on a certain day, the station precipitation rs is larger than the station yearly mean precipitation （r/ （or 2（r）） in at least 50% of stations in Northeast China, and this condition is satisfied in the following 2 （7） days, then this date is defined as the beginning date of the CV （MS） rainy period. While the definition of the ending date of the MS rainy period shows the opposite process to its beginning date. With this objective identification method, the multi-year average （1981-2010） beginning date of the CV rainy period is May 3, the beginning date of the MS rainy period is June 27, the ending day of the CV rainy period is defined as the day before the beginning date of the MS rainy period, and the ending date of the MS rainy period is August 29. Meanwhile, corresponding anomaly analysis at a 500-hPa geopotential height, 850-hPa wind, Omega and relative humidity fields all show that the definitions of the average beginning and ending dates of the CV and MS rainy periods have a certain circulation meaning. Furthermore, the daily evolution of the CV index, meridional and zonal wind index, etc. all show that these objectively defined beginning and ending dates of the CV and MS rainy periods have climate significance.

关键词： Northeast China cold vortex rainy period mid-summer rain period objective identification method

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World Cities and International Organizations: Political Global-city Status of Chinese Cities

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Chinese Geographical Science 2014年第3期24卷 362-374页

作者： SU Nian XUE Desheng John AGNEW center for Urban and regional studies School of Geography and PlanningSun Yat-Sen University Department of Geography University of California

In this study, the authors use a political perspective to explore the relative global status of cities in China. Two questions are addressed. Firstly, by using international organizations as the subjects and quantitative analysis of the spatial distribution of their offices, the overall position of Chinese cities in the global distribution of international organizations is estimated. The results show that 22 Chi- nese cities are involved in international political affairs. Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou dominate these activities and have high po- litical global-city status. Secondly, through qualitative analysis of Guangzhou City, the authors explore how its status as a center for intemational organizations has been shaped in recent years. The locational decision-making process is analyzed and the factors are demonstrated at both national and city scales. The definition of international organizations as used in this study refers not only to those supranational bodies that have the ability to manage relations across states （such as the European Union）, but also those in- ter-governmental organizations （IGOs）, international non-governmental organizations （INGOs） and diplomatic representatives and delegations that today also manage and regulate relations between and among states.

关键词： world city international organizations political global-city status spatial distribution China

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