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Larval development and voracity of Eupeodes americanus (Diptera: Syrphidae): comparison of the focal prey Aphis gossypi (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and the banker prey Rhopalosiphum padi (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

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Insect Science 2024年第2期31卷 575-586页

作者： Arlette Fauteux Antonio Onofre Soares Eric Lucas Laboratoire de lutte biologique Departement des sciences biologiquesUniversite du Quebec a Montreal(UQAM)MontrealQuebecCanada Faculty of Science and Technology center for ecology Evolution and Environmental ChangesAzorean Biodiversity Group(cE3c-ABG)&CHANGE-Global Change and Sustainability InstitutePonta DelgadaPortugal

Unlike European species,the potential of Nearctic syrphids as biological control agents is still poorly studied.However,the American hoverfly,Eupeodes americanus(Wiedemann),has recently demonstrated promising traits as a biocontrol agent,notably against the foxglove aphid,Aulacorthum solani Kaltenbach,on pepper.The present study aims to extend our knowledge of the American hoverfly by evaluating its potential as a biocontrol agent in a banker plant system against the melon aphid,Aphis gossypi Glover,in a greenhouse cucumber crop.The preimaginal development and voracity of E.americanus were compared when preying upon the focal prey/pest(A.gossypi)or the banker prey(bird cherry-oat aphid,Rhopalosiphum padi L.)by daily observations of larvae from egg to adult.Preimaginal development time,survival rate,and occurrence of deformation were similar on both prey species.The weight of third instar and pupae,however,was higher for larvae that fed on the banker prey.The ad libitum voracity of the syrphid larvae was generally very high and did not significantly differ between prey species,except for the third-instar larvae which consumed more focal prey.Results suggest that a banker plant system involving the bird cherry-oat aphid may be a promising tactic for utilizing E.americanus for melon aphid biocontrol.

关键词： american hoverfly banker plant system biological control bird cherry-oat aphid greenhouse cucumber melon aphid

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Potential and progress of studying mountain biodiversity by means of butterfly genetics and genomics

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2024年第3期51卷 292-301页

作者： Shuting Wang Marco Girardello Wei Zhang State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research School of Life SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Peking-Tsinghua center for Life Sciences Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China ce3c-centre for ecology Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity GroupFaculdade de Ciencias Agrarias e do AmbienteUniversidade dos Açores9700-042 Angra do HeroísmoTerceiraPortugal

Mountains are rich in biodiversity,and butterflies are species-rich and have a good ecological and evolutionary research foundation.This review addresses the potential and progress of studying mountain biodiversity using butterflies as a model.We discuss the uniqueness of mountain ecosystems,factors influencing the distribution of mountain butterflies,representative genetic and evolutionary models in butterfly research,and evolutionary studies of mountain biodiversity involving butterfly genetics and genomics.Finally,we demonstrate the necessity of studying mountain butterflies and propose future perspectives.This review provides insights for studying the biodiversity of mountain butterflies as well as a summary of research methods for reference.

关键词： Mountain ecosystem Butterfly Biodiversity Adaptation Genomics Genetics

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Mass transfer characteristics of chiral pharmaceuticals on membrane used for polar organic chemical integrative sampler

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第2期136卷 670-681页

作者： Liyang Wang Ruixia Liu Youya Zhou Peng Yuan Xiaoling Liu Hongjie Gao college of Water Science Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100018China State Key Laboratory of Environmental criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental ScienceBeijing 100012China Technical centre for Soil Agriculture and Rural Ecology and EnvironmentMinistry of Ecology and EnvironmentBeijing 100012China

Passive sampling technology has good application prospects for monitoring trace pollutants in aquatic environments.Further research on the sampling mechanism of this technology is essential to improve the measurement accuracy and extend the application scope of this approach.In this study,adsorption and permeation experiments were performed to investigate the sorption and mass transfer properties of five chiral pharmaceuticals at the enantiomeric level on polyethersulfone(PES)and polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)membranes used in a polar organic chemical integrative sampler.Batch adsorption experiments showed that the PES membrane had an adsorption phenomenon for most selected pollutants and an insignificant sorption behavior was observed for all selected pharmaceuticals on the PTFE membrane except for R(S)-fluoxetine.The diffusion coefficients of selected pharmaceuticals onto the PTFE membrane were approximately one order of magnitude higher than those onto the PES membrane.The permeation experiment indicated that under different hydraulic conditions,the change of the relative pollutant concentration through the PTFE membrane for the composite pollutant system was more obvious than that for the single pollutant system,and mass transfer hysteresis exists for both contaminant systems through PES membranes.Using the first-order equation or 3-component model to estimate the overall mass transfer coefficients,the results showed that the overall mass transfer coefficient values of pollutants in the composite pollutant system onto both membranes were higher than those in the single pollutant system.This parameter was mainly influenced by the synergistic effects of the multi-analyte interaction and diminished water boundary layers during the mass transfer process.

关键词： Sorption phenomenon Permeation behavior Mass transfer properties Modeling calculation chiral pharmaceuticals PES and PTFE membrane

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Autotomy does not affect the locomotor performance of a scorpion

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第2期19卷 336-338页

作者： Aijia MAO Shichang ZHANG centre for Behavioral ecology and Evolution State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme EngineeringSchool of Life SciencesHubei UniversityWuhanChina

Autotomy,the self-induced loss of a body part,is one of the most extreme forms of defense against predation.It occurs in a variety of animal taxa,including both vertebrates and invertebrates(Fleming et al.2007).The most commonly seen examples are spiders,lizards,and crustaceans(Emberts et al.2019)(Fig.1).By performing the autotomy behavior,animals can effectively survive predation or non-predatory entrapment,or reduce the cost of injury(Emberts et al.2019;Wuthrich et al.2022).

关键词： scorpion extreme performance

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Ranking environmental and edaphic attributes driving soil microbial community structure and activity with special attention to spatial and temporal scales

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mLife 2024年第1期3卷 21-41页

作者： Vadakattu V.S.R.Gupta James M.Tiedje cSIRO Agriculture&Food UrrbraeSouth AustraliaAustralia centre for Microbial ecology Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA

The incredibly complex soil microbial communities at small scales make their analysis and identification of reasons for the observed structures challenging.Microbial community structure is mainly a result of the inoculum(dispersal),the selective advantages of those organisms under the habitat-based environmental attributes,and the ability of those colonizers to sustain themselves over time.Since soil is protective,and its microbial inhabitants have long adapted to varied soil conditions,significant portions of the soil microbial community structure are likely stable.Hence,a substantial portion of the community will not correlate to often measured soil attributes.We suggest that the drivers be ranked on the basis of their importance to the fundamental needs of the microbes:(i)those that supply energy,i.e.,organic carbon and electron acceptors;(i)environmental effectors or stressors,i.e.,pH,salt,drought,and toxic chemicals;(ii)macro-organism associations,i.e.,plants and their seasonality,animals and their fecal matter,and soil fauna;and(iv)nutrients,in order,N,P,and probably of lesser importance,other micronutrients,and metals.The relevance of drivers also varies with spatial and time scales,for example,aggregate to field to regional,and persistent to dynamic populations to transcripts,and with the extent of phylogenetic difference,hence phenotypic differences in organismal groups.We present a summary matrix to provide guidance on which drivers are important for particular studies,with special emphasis on a wide range of spatial and temporal scales,and illustrate this with genomic and population(rRNA gene)data from selected studies.

关键词： abundance community structure diversity functional microbiome microorganisms

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Total-factor energy efficiency of ten major global energy-consuming countries

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第3期137卷 41-52页

作者： Xuan Wang Yonglong Lu chunci chen Xiaojie Yi Haotian cui State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional ecology Research Centre for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for coastal Wetland Ecosystems College of the Environment and EcologyXiamen UniversityFujian 361102China University of chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Improving energy efficiency is regarded as a key path to tackling global warming and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs).In 2020,the energy consumption of the world's ten major energy-consuming countries accounted for 66.8%of the global total.This paper applied data envelopment analysis(DEA)to calculate these ten major energyconsuming countries'total-factor energy efficiency(TFEE)at national and sectoral levels from 2001-2020,and explored the infuencing factors of total-factor energy efficiency with the Tobit regression model.The results showed significant difference in the ten countries'energy efficiency.The United States and Germany topped the list for total-factor energy efficiency,while china and India were at the bottom.Meanwhile,the energy efficiency of the industrial subsector has increased significantly over the past two decades,while that of the other subsectors has been relatively fat.The industrial structure upgrading,per capita GDP,energy consumption structure,and foreign direct investment had significant impacts on energy efficiency with national heterogeneity.Energy consumption structure and GDP per capita were determinative factors of energy efficiency.

关键词： Total-factor energy efficiency SBM-UN model Major energy-consuming country carbon emission reduction

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Single-cell transcriptomic landscape of peripheral blood cells provides insights into adaptation of red-eared sliders(Trachemys scripta elegans)

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第3期19卷 468-479页

作者： Rui GUO Guangwei MA Xiaofei ZHAI Haitao SHI Jichao WANG Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for ecology of Tropical Islands Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan ProvinceCollege of Life SciencesHainan Normal UniversityHaikouChina

Red-eared sliders(Trachemys scripta elegans),as one of the 100 most threatening aliens,have stronger immunity than the native species in response to environmental stress.Blood cells are an important component of immunity in the body.However,the blood cell researches of turtle are still in the traditional blood cell classification and morphological structure observation.Furthermore,turtle granulocytes cannot be accurately identified using traditional methods.Single-cell RNA sequencing techniques have been successfully implemented to study cells based on the mRNA expression patterns of each cell.The present study profiled the transcriptomes of peripheral blood cells in red-eared sliders to construct a single-cell transcriptional landscape of the different cell types and explored environmental adaptation mechanism from the perspective of hematology.All 14 transcriptionally distinct clusters(platelets,erythrocytes1,erythrocytes2,cSF1R monocytes,POF1B monocytes,neutrophils,GATA2high basophils,GATA2low basophils,cD4 T cells,cD7 T cells,B cells,AcKR4 cells,serotriflin cells,and ficolin cells)were identified in the peripheral blood cells of the red-eared sliders.In particular,a subtype of erythrocytes(erythrocytes1)that expressed immune signals was identified.Peripheral blood cells were grouped into three lineages:platelet,erythroid/lymphoid,and myeloid cell lineages.Furthermore,based on differentiation trajectory and up-regulated gene expression,AcKR4 cells were newly identified as lymphocytes,and serotriflin and ficolin cells as granulocytes.The single-cell transcriptional atlas of the peripheral blood cells in red-eared sliders provided in the present study will offer a comprehensive transcriptome reference for the exploration of physiological and pathological hematology in this species.

关键词： blood cells single-cell RNA-seq Trachemys scripta elegans

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Discrepant responses of soil organic carbon dynamics to nitrogen addition in different layers: a case study in an agroecosystem

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2024年第2期11卷 314-325页

作者： Hualing HU Liang ZHAO Wenbing TAN Guoan WANG Beidou XI Technical centre for Soil Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment Ministry of Ecology and Environment State Key Laboratory of Environmental criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences college of Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural University

Empirical research indicates that heightened soil nitrogen availability can potentially diminish microbial decomposition of soil organic carbon（SOc）.Nevertheless, the relationship between SOc turnover response to N addition and soil depth remains unclear. In this study, soils under varying N fertilizer application rates were sampled up to 100 cm deep to examine the contribution of both new and old carbon to SOc across different soil depths,using a coupled carbon and nitrogen isotopic approach. The SOc turnover time for the plot receiving low N addition(250 kg·ha-1·yr-1N) was about 20-40 years. conversely, the plot receiving high N(450 kg·ha-1·yr-1N) had a longer SOc turnover time than the low N plot, reaching about 100 years in the upper 10-20 cm layer. The rise in SOc over the entire profile with low N addition primarily resulted from an increase in the upper soil（0-40 cm）whereas with high N addition, the increase was mainly from greater SOc in the deeper soil（40-100 cm）. Throughout the entire soil layer, the proportion of new organic carbon derived from maize c4plant sources was higher in plots treated with a low N rate than those treated with a high N rate. This implies that, in contrast to low N addition agricultural practices, high N addition predominantly enhances the soil potential for fixing SOc by transporting organic matter from surface soils to deeper layers characterized by more stable properties. This research offers a unique insight into the dynamics of deep carbon under increased N deposition, thereby aiding in the formulation of policies for soil carbon management.

关键词： case study agroecosystem Discrepant responses soil

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Species’ geographical range, environmental range and traits lead to specimen collection preference of dominant plant species of grasslands in Northern china

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Plant Diversity 2024年第3期46卷 353-361页

作者： Jingya Zhang cui Xiao Xiaoyu Duan Xin Gao Hao Zeng Rong'an Dong Gang Feng Keping Ma Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau&Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland ecology School of Ecology and EnvironmentInner Mongolia UniversityHohhot 010021China State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China

Many different factors,such as species traits,socio-economic factors,geographical and environmental factors,can lead to specimen collection preference.This study aims to determine whether grassland specimen collection in china is preferred by species traits(i.e.,plant height,flowering and fruiting period),environmental range(i.e.,the temperature and precipitation range)and geographical range(i.e.,distribution range and altitudinal range).Ordinary least squares models and phylogenetic generalized linear mixed models were used to analyze the relationships between specimen number and the explanatory variables.Random Forest models were then used to find the most parsimonious multivariate model.The results showed that interannual variation in specimen number between 1900 and 2020 was considerable.Specimen number of these species in southeast china was notably lower than that in northwest china.Environmental range and geographical range of species had significant positive correlations with specimen number.In addition,there were relatively weak but significant associations between specimen number and species trait(i.e.,plant height and flowering and fruiting period).Random Forest models indicated that distribution range was the most important variable,followed by flowering and fruiting period,and altitudinal range.These findings suggest that future floristic surveys should pay more attention to species with small geographical range,narrow environmental range,short plant height,and short flowering and fruiting period.The correction of specimen collection preference will also make the results of species distribution model,species evolution and other works based on specimen data more accurate.

关键词： Biological specimen collection preference Dominant plant species Environmental range Geographical range Species traits

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More tree growth reduction due to consecutive drought and its legacy effect for a semiarid larch plantation in Northwest china

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第2期35卷 188-196页

作者： Yanfang Wan Pengtao Yu Yanhui Wang Jiamei Li Yushi Bai Yipeng Yu Bingbing Liu Xiaocha Wei Key Laboratory of Forest ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration Ecology and Nature Conservation InstituteChinese Academy of ForestryBeijing 100091People’s Republic of China

Extreme climate has increasingly led to negative impacts on forest ecosystems globally,especially in semiarid areas where forest ecosystems are more vulnerable.However,it is poorly understood how tree growth is affected by different drought events.In 2006–2009,the larch plantations in the semiarid areas of Northwest china were negatively affected by four consecutive dry years,which was a very rare phenomenon that may occur frequently under future climate warming.In this study,we analyzed the effect of these consecutive dry years on tree growth based on the data of the tree rings in the dominant layer of the forest canopy on a larch plantation.We found that the tree-ring width index(RWI)in dry years was lower than that in normal years,and it experienced a rapidly decreasing trend from 2006 to 2009(slope=-0.139 year^(-1),r=-0.94)due to water supply deficits in those dry years.Drought induced legacy effects of tree growth reduction,and consecutive dry years corresponded with greater growth reductions and legacy effects.Growth reductions and legacy effects were significantly stronger in the third and fourth consecutive dry years than that of single dry year(pch might have been due to the cumulative stress caused by consecutive dry years.Our results showed that larch trees experienced greater tree growth reduction due to consecutive dry years and their legacy effect,and the trees had lower recovery rates after consecutive dry years.Our results highlight that consecutive dry years pose a new threat to plantations under climate warming,and thus,the effect of climate extremes on tree growth should be considered in growth models in semiarid areas.

关键词： Tree rings Drought effects Legacy effects Growth-climate relationships Larix principis-rupprechtii

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