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Hydrochemical insights on the signatures and genesis of water resources in a high-altitude city on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, South-west china

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Frontiers of Environmental science & engineering 2024年第7期18卷 123-140页

作者： Jiutan Liu Kexin Lou Zongjun Gao Menghan Tan college of earth science and engineering Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266590China

Water resources have crucial implications for the steady development of the urban social *** study investigated the hydrochemical signatures and genesis of water resources in the urban area of Lhasa city(UALc).To this end,several analyses,such as ion ratio analysis and correlation analysis,were performed by comprehensively applying mathematical statistics and integrated hydrochemical *** results show relatively low concentrations of major ions in the groundwater and surface water(GSW)of the *** primary anions and cations are HcO3-and ca2+,reflecting the HcOg-ca water ***,groundwater exhibits higher concentrations of key chemical components compared to surface *** are weakly alkaline,with pH values of 7.78 and 7.61,respectively,and they have low salinity with average concentrations of total dissolved solids being 190.74 and 112.17 mg/L,*** inputs have minimal influence on the hydrochemical features of GSw,whereas rock weathering is the dominant controlling ***,cation *** a significant *** influencing their hydrochemical *** to the isotope analysis(H and 180),the primary source of recharge for GSW is atmospheric precipitation,with some input from melted ice and ***,GSW samples from the UALc show relatively similar 2H and 18O isotopic compositions,indicating the existence of a discernible hydraulic connection linking the two water *** research findings can serve as a valuable scientific reference and foundation for the sustainable development,effective utilization,and proper safeguarding of regional water resources in high-altitude areas.

关键词： Groundwater and surface water Hydrochemical features Genesis mechanism Water quality Urban area of Lhasa city

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Macro-micro behaviors and failure mechanism of frozen weakly cemented mudstone

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical engineering 2024年第4期16卷 1337-1347页

作者： Xianzhou Lyu Jijie Du Hao Fu Dawei Lyu Weiming Wang college of earth science and engineering Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdao266590China college of civil engineering and Architecture Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdao266590China

Understanding the mechanical properties and multiscale failure mechanism of frozen soft rock is an important prerequisite for the construction safety of tunnels,artificially frozen ground and other infrastructure in cold *** this study,the triaxial compression test are performed on mudstone in the weakly cemented soft rock strata in the mining area of western china,and the mechanical characteristics and failure mechanism of weakly cemented mudstone are systematically investigated under the combined action of freezing and ***,the quantitative relationship between the microstructural parameters and the macroscopic strength and deformation parameters is established based on fractal ***,the failure mechanism of frozen weakly cemented mudstone is revealed on both micro- and *** results show that temperature and confining pressure significantly affects the elastic modulus and peak strength of weakly cemented *** decreasing temperature,the compressive strength increases,while the corresponding peak strain decreases *** the deformation curve,the plastic deformation stage is shortened,and the brittle fracture feature at the post-peak stage is more prominent,and the elastic modulus correspondingly increases with decreasing *** low-temperature conditions,most of the weakly cemented mudstone undergoes microscopic shear failure along the main fracture *** micro-fracture morphology characteristics of weakly cemented mudstone under different temperatures are quantified via the fractal dimension,and an approximately exponential relationship can be obtained among the fractal dimension and the temperature,compressive strength and elastic modulus.

关键词： Weakly cemented mudstone Artificial freezing Mechanical properties Linkage destruction mechanism Fractal dimension

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Research on thermal insulation materials properties under HTHP conditions for deep oil and gas reservoir rock ITP-coring

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Petroleum science 2024年第4期21卷 2625-2637页

作者： Zhi-Qiang He He-Ping Xie Ling chen Jian-Ping Yang Bo Yu Zi-Jie Wei Ming-Zhong Gao State Key Laboratory of Intelligent construction and Healthy Operation and Maintenance of Deep Underground engineering College of Water Resource and Hydropower Sichuan University Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Deep earth sciences and Geothermal Energy Exploitation and Utilization Institute of Deep Earth Sciences and Green Energy College of Civil and Transportation Engineering Shenzhen University School of Mechanical engineering Sichuan University college of Polymer science and engineering Sichuan University

Deep oil and gas reservoirs are under high-temperature conditions, but traditional coring methods do not consider temperature-preserved measures and ignore the influence of temperature on rock porosity and permeability, resulting in distorted resource assessments. The development of in situ temperaturepreserved coring(ITP-coring) technology for deep reservoir rock is urgent, and thermal insulation materials are key. Therefore, hollow glass microsphere/epoxy resin thermal insulation materials(HGM/EP materials) were proposed as thermal insulation materials. The materials properties under coupled hightemperature and high-pressure(HTHP) conditions were tested. The results indicated that high pressures led to HGM destruction and that the materials water absorption significantly increased; additionally,increasing temperature accelerated the process. High temperatures directly caused the thermal conductivity of the materials to increase; additionally, the thermal conduction and convection of water caused by high pressures led to an exponential increase in the thermal conductivity. High temperatures weakened the matrix, and high pressures destroyed the HGM, which resulted in a decrease in the tensile mechanical properties of the materials. The materials entered the high elastic state at 150.c, and the mechanical properties were weakened more obviously, while the pressure led to a significant effect when the water absorption was above 10%. Meanwhile, the tensile strength/strain were 13.62 MPa/1.3%and 6.09 MPa/0.86% at 100.c and 100 MPa, respectively, which meet the application requirements of the self-designed coring device. Finally, K46-f40 and K46-f50 HGM/EP materials were proven to be suitable for ITP-coring under coupled conditions below 100.c and 100 MPa. To further improve the materials properties, the interface layer and EP matrix should be optimized. The results can provide references for the optimization and engineering application of materials and thus technical su

关键词： Deep oil and gas reservoir rock In situ temperature-preserved coring (ITP-coring) Hollow glass microsphere/epoxy resin thermal insulation materials (HGM/EP materials) High-temperature and high-pressure (HTHP) Physical and mechanical properties ITP-coring In situ temperature-preserved coring HGM/EP Hollow glass microsphere/epoxy resin HTHP High-temperature and high-pressure

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The existence of saturated vapors in the deep source region of 2017Pohang earthquake evidenced from seismic tomography

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earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第5期8卷 811-821页

作者： JiaWei Qian HaiJiang Zhang Lei Guo Uzonna Okenna Anyiam changsoo cho Kang Hyeun Ji HaoRan Ma School of carbon Neutrality science and engineering Anhui University of Science and Technology college of Oceanography Hohai University Laboratory of Seismology and Physics of earth's Interior School of Earth and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Hebei earthquake Agency Geological and Environmental science Hope College earthquake Research center Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources

Geothermal resources are a promising approach to clean renewable energy; 90% of them are deep reservoirs of hot dry rock that require hydraulic fracturing to create a network of connections among wells to enable efficient heat exchange, known as an Enhanced Geothermal System（EGS）. The Pohang EGS project in south Korea led to a devasting Mw5.5 earthquake, triggered by the reservoir's EGS stimulation, the largest earthquake known to have been induced by EGS development. Detailed investigations have been conducted to understand the cause of the Pohang earthquake; the conclusion has been that overpressurized injected fluids migrated into an unknown fault triggering this large earthquake. Detailed velocity images for the source zone of the 2017 Pohang earthquake,which could be helpful for further understanding its inducing mechanism, are unavailable. However, we have assembled detailed aftershock data recorded by 41 local stations installed within about three months after the Mw5.5 Pohang earthquake, and have then applied the Vp/Vsmodel's consistency-constrained double-difference seismic tomography method to determine the high-resolution three-dimensional Vp（compressional wave velocity）, Vs（shear wave velocity）, and Vp/Vsmodels of the source region that we report here,as well as earthquake locations within the source region. The velocity images reveal that the deep source area of the 2017 Pohang earthquake is dominated by low Vp, high Vs, and low Vp/Vsanomalies, a pattern that can be caused by overpressurized vapors due to high temperatures at these depths. Based on aftershock locations and velocity features, our studies support the conclusion that the 2017Pohang earthquake was triggered by injected EGS fluids that migrated into a blind fault.

关键词： Pohang earthquake tomoDDMc low Vp/Vs saturated vapors EGS

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crystalline-amorphous M@MN_x(M=co,Fe,Ni)encapsulated in nitrogen-doped carbon for enhanced efficient and durable hydrogen evolution reaction

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Rare Metals 2024年第4期43卷 1547-1556页

作者： Yang Yang Xiao-chuan Duan Shao-Hui Guo Xian-Ming Zhang college of Materials science and engineering College of ChemistryKey Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced MaterialsTaiyuan University of TechnologyYuci030600China

Developing earth-abundant electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)is important for the sustainable energy ***,efficient and stable heterocatalysts consisting of crystalline-amorphous M@MN_(x)(M=co,Fe,Ni)encapsulated in N-doped carbon layers supported with N-doped graphene sheets(denoted as M@MN_(x)@Nc-NG)are synthesized by facile hydrothermal reaction and nitridation *** the nitriding process,metal ions in M(tzbc)_2(H_(2)O)_4(tzbc=4-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)benzoic acid)complexes are reduced to crystalline M cores,accompanied by the formation of amorphous MN_(x)shells;the tzbc ligands are insitu carbonized to form outermost N-doped carbon(Nc)layers that connect with inner MN_(x)via M-N-c motifs inherited from the complex precursors and inhibit the transition of MN_(x)from amorphous to crystalline *** co@coN_(x)@Nc-NG catalyst exhibits excellent HER activity with small overpotentials of 45 and 64 mV at a cathode current density of 10 mA·cm^(-2)and low Tafel slopes of 40 and 85 mV·dec^(-1)in 0.5 mol·L^(-1)H_(2)SO_4 and1.0 mol·L^(-1)KOH electrolytes,*** co@coN_(x)@Nc-NG retains 97%of the initial overpotential after 100,000 s in both acidic and alkaline *** outstanding HER performance originates from the crystalline-amorphous co@coN_(x)that redistributes electrons around the heterointerfaces,facilitating the conversion process of H^(+)/H_(2)O to hydrogen and thereby promoting HER *** outermost Nc layers serve as the armor of co@coN_(x),and graphene nanosheets act as carriers of egg-like co@coN_(x)@Nc and conduction paths for electron shuttles,ensuring stable and continuous electrocatalytic hydrogen production.

关键词： Hydrogen evolution reaction Electrocatalysts Iron group metals Heterojunction crystalline-amorphous structure

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Evaluation of the energy budget of thermokarst lake in permafrost regions of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

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Advances in climate change Research 2024年第4期15卷 636-646页

作者： Ze-Yong GAO Fu-Jun NIU Yi-Bo WANG Jing LUO Guo-An YIN Yun-Hu SHANG Zhan-Ju LIN Key Laboratory of cryospheric science and Frozen Soil engineering Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of ScienceLanzhou 730000China college of earth and Environment science Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 73000China

Thermokarst lake formation accelerates permafrost degradation due to climate warming,thereby releasing significant amounts of carbon into the atmosphere,complicating hydrological cycles,and causing environmental ***,the energy transfer mechanism from the surface to the sediment of thermokarst lakes remains largely unexplored,thereby limiting our understanding of the magnitude and duration of biogeochemical processes and hydrological ***,herein,a typical thermokarst lake situated in the center of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP)was selected for observation and energy budget *** results showed that the net radiation of the thermokarst lake surface was 95.1,156.9,and 32.3 W m^(-2) for the annual,ice-free,and ice-covered periods,respectively,and was approximately 76%of the net radiation consumed by latent heat *** in heat storage in the thermokarst lake initially increased from January to April,then decreased from April to December,with a maximum change of 48.1 W m^(-2) in *** annual average heat fuxes from lake water to sediments were 1.4 W m^(-2);higher heat fluxes occurred during the ice-free season at a range of 4.9-12.0 W m^(-2).The imbalance between heat absorption and release in the millennium scale caused the underlying permafrost of the thermokarst lake to completely *** present,the ground temperature beneath the lake bottom at a depth of 15 m has reached 2.0℃.The temperatures and vapor-pressure conditions of air and lake surfaces control the energy budget of the thermokarst *** findings indicate that changes in the hydrologic regime shifts and biogeochemical processes are more frequent under climate warming and permafrost degradation.

关键词： Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Thermokarst lake Energy budget Permafrost degradation Hydrological cycle

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carbon felt electrode coated with WS2 enables a high-performance polysulfide/ferricyanide flow battery

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Rare Metals 2024年第10期43卷 5039-5047页

作者： Liang-Yu Li Su Yan Ying-Jia Huang Fang-Fang Zhong Jin-chao cao Mei Ding chuan-Kun Jia college of Materials science and engineering Changsha University of Science and Technology Institute of Energy Storage Technology College of Energy and Power EngineeringChangsha University of Science and Technology Binzhou Institute of Technology Weiqiao-UCAS Science and Technology Park

Polysulfide/ferricyanide flow batteries （S/Fe RFBs）,with the advantages of abundant earth reservation low cost,high safety,and environmental friendliness,have attracted significant interest and demonstrated noteworthy potential for practical ***,the battery performance,including the energy efficiency （EE）,voltage efficiency （VE）,and power density of the S/Fe RFBs remains low owing to the slow redox kinetics of polysulfide *** address these concerns,WS2was selected as the booster and deposited on a commercial carbon felt electrode （WS2–cF） to stimulate the redox reactions of polysulfide *** better hydrophilicity and smaller charge-transfer resistance,WS2–cF exhibits enhanced electrochemical activity toward polysulfide redox ***,the battery performance of S/Fe RFB with WS2–cF as the anode has been improved,with EE of 84%,VE of 84%,and a peak power density of 175.7 mW·cm-2,which are all higher than the cell only with the bare carbon felt （cF） as electrodes (76%,77% and 155.8 mW·cm-2,respectively).Furthermore,the cycling life of the S/Fe RFB with WS2–cF has been prolonged to 2200 cycles with a capacity retention of 96% a 40 mA·cm-2because of the good stability of WS2–cF as the ***,under the same conditions,the S/Fe RFB without WS2–cF terminated after 1500 cycles with a fast capacity *** successful utilization of WS2as a booster on an electrode provides an efficient strategy for obtaining advanced S/Fe RFBs for practical applications.

关键词： carbon felt Energy storage Polysulfide/ferricyanide flow battery Tungsten disulfide

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comparative Experimental Study on Heat Transfer characteristics of Building Exterior Surface at High and Low Altitudes

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Journal of Thermal science 2024年第3期33卷 1119-1131页

作者： JIA Yonghong GUO Shurui LI Jin GUO Lei cHENG Zhu ZHANG Yin YANG Hanyu LONG Enshen Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction Sichuan UniversityChengdu610065China MOE Key Laboratory of Deep earth science and engineering College of Architecture and EnvironmentSichuan UniversityChengdu610065China

The external surface heat transfer coefficient of building envelope is one of the important parameters necessary for building energy saving design,but the basic data in high-altitude area are ***,the authors propose a modified measurement method based on the heat balance of a model building,and use the same model building to measure its external surface heat transfer coefficient under outdoor conditions in chengdu city,china at an altitude of 520 m and Daocheng city at an altitude of 3750 m *** results show that the total heat transfer coefficient(h_(t))of building surface in high-altitude area is reduced by 34.48%.The influence of outdoor wind speed on the convective heat transfer coefficient(h_(c))in high-altitude area is not as significant as that in low-altitude *** fitting relation between convection heat transfer coefficient and outdoor wind speed is also *** the same heating power,the average temperature rise of indoor and outdoor air at highaltitude is 41.9%higher than that at low altitude,and the average temperature rise of inner wall is 25.8%higher than that at low *** shows that high-altitude area can create a more comfortable indoor thermal environment than low-altitude area under the same energy consumption *** is not appropriate to use the heat transfer characteristics of the exterior surface of buildings in low-altitude area for building energy saving design and related heating equipment selection and system terminal matching design in high-altitude area.

关键词： altitude heat transfer characteristics convective heat transfer coefficient(h_(c)) radiative heat transfer coefficient(h_(r)) external building envelope

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Astronomical influence of the development of Paleogene thin coal seam groups in offshore Lacustrine basins:A case study of the ZhuⅠDepression's Enping Formation located in the northern South china Sea

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2024年第4期43卷 136-150页

作者： Yan Liu Shengbing Huang Dongdong Wang Nan Li Yuting Yin Ying chen Zengxue Li college of earth science and engineering Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266590China cNOOc Research Institute co. Ltd.Beijing 100028China School of Geography Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirmingham B152TTUK

The development of the Paleogene coal seams in china's offshore basin areas generally had the characteristics of coal measures with large thicknesses,large numbers of coal seams,thin single coal seams,poor stability,scattered vertical distribution,and a wide distribution *** study selected the Enping Formation of the ZhuⅠDepression in the northern section of the South china Sea as an example to determine the macro-control factors of the development of the Paleogene coal seam *** analysis was carried out on the influencing effects and patterns of the astronomical cycles related to the development of the thin coal seam groups in the region.A floating astronomical time scale of the Enping Formation was established,and the sedimentary time limit of the Enping Formation was determined to be approximately 6.15 Ma±.In addition,the cyclostratigraphy analysis results of the natural gamma-ray data of Well XJ in the Enping Formation of the Xijiang Sag revealed that the development of the thin coal seams had probably been affected by short eccentricity and precession *** formation process of coal seams was determined to have been affected by high seasonal contrast,precipitation,and *** the periods with high values of short eccentricity,the seasonal contrasts tended to be *** those periods,fluctuations in the precession controls resulted in periodic volume changes in precipitation and insolation of the region,resulting in the development of thin coal *** was also found that the periods with low precession were the most conducive to coal seam *** that basis,combined with such factors as sedimentary environmental conditions conducive to the development of thin coal seam groups,this study established a theoretical model of the comprehensive influences of short eccentricity and precession on the development and distribution of Paleogene thin coal seam groups in offshore lacustrine *** patterns of the Paleogene astrono

关键词： Paleogene Pearl(Zhujiang)River Mouth Basin coal seam development astronomical cycles

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Two-dimensional c_(2)N-based single-atom catalyst with complex microenvironment for enhanced electrochemical nitrogen reduction:A descriptor-based design

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Journal of Energy chemistry 2024年第10期97卷 110-119,I0003页

作者： Enduo Dai Wei An Ruixian Guo Xugen Shi Yunyi Li Yibo Wang Mingming Liu college of chemistry and chemical engineering.Shanghai University of engineering science Shanghai 201620China

The catalytic descriptor with operational feasibility is highly desired towards rational design of high-performance catalyst especially the electrode/electrolyte solution interface working under mild ***,we demonstrate that the descriptorΩparameterized by readily accessible intrinsic properties of metal center and coordination is highly operational and efficient in rational design of single-atom catalyst(SAc)for driving electrochemical nitrogen reduction(NRR).Using twodimensional metal(M)-B_(x)P_(y)S_(z)N_m@c_(2)N as prototype SAc models,we reveal that^(*)N_(2)+(H~++e~-)→^(*)N_(2)H acts predominantly as the potential-limiting step(PLS)of NRR on M-B_(2)P_(2)S_(2)@c_(2)N and M-B_(1)P_(1)S_(1)N_(3)@c_(2)N regardless of the distinction in coordination *** the 28 screened M active sites,withΩvalues close to the optimal 4,M-B_(2)P_(2)S_(2)@c_(2)N(M=V(Ω=3.53),Mo(Ω=5.12),and W(Ω=3.92))and M-B_(1)P_(1)S_(1)N_(3)@c_(2)N(M=V(Ω=3.00),Mo(Ω=4.34),and W(Ω=3.32))yield the lowered limiting potential(U_(L))as-0.45,-0.54.-0.36,-0.58,-0.25,and-0.24 V,respectively,thus making them the promising NRR *** importantly,these SAcs are located around the top of volcano-shape plot of U_(L) versusΩ,re-validatingΩas an effective descriptor for accurately predicting the high-activity NRR SAcs even with complex *** study unravels the relationship between active-site structure and NRR performance via the descriptorΩ,which can be applied to other important sustainable electrocatalytic reactions involving activation of small molecules viaσ-donation andπ^(*)-backdonation mechanism.

关键词： Electrocatalysis N_(2) reduction Single-atom catalyst Descriptor DFT

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