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Sewage sludge composting simulation as carbon/nitrogen concentration change

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2011年第11期23卷 1925-1928页

作者： Nassereldeen Kabbashi Bio-Environmental Research unit Department of Biotechnology Engineering International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) Jalan GombakP.O.Box 1050728Malaysia

Available composting models do not describe accurately the dynamics of composting *** in modeling composting processes is attributed mainly to the unpredicted change in process rate caused by change in activation energy value （E）.This article presented the results of an attempt made to utilize patterns of change in carbon,nitrogen and temperature profiles to model sewage sludge composting process as a multi-stage *** of controlled sewage sludge composting experiments were used in the *** the experiments were carried out as batch experiments in a 300-liter Horizontal Drum Bioreactor （HDB）.Analysis of the profiles of carbon,nitrogen and temperature has indicated that there were clear patterns that could be used to develop simple models of the process,the initial C/N ratio was between 7–8 and the final C/N ratio of the compost in most experiments were found to be around 15.0,indicating the compost was fully matured and could be used safely for agricultural *** conductivity of composting material decreased from 1.83 to 1.67 dS/m,after a period,it increased gradually from 2.01 to 2.23 dS/m and remained at around 2.33 dS/m till the end of *** is found that change in the concentration of total carbon can reasonably be described by three constant process rate coefficients （k 1,k 2,k 3 ）.It is found that the process starts with a certain process rate coefficient （k 1 ） and continues until peak temperature is reached,then it reaches lower process （k 2 ） in the declining phase of the thermophilic stage,and finally it proceeds with a faster process rate （k 3 ） when maturation is *** in the concentration of total nitrogen has shown to have the same patterns of change as carbon.

关键词： composting sewage sludge HDB modeling reaction rate

Effects of Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria, Rock Phosphate and Chemical Fertilizers on Maize-Wheat Cropping Cycle and Economics

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Pedosphere 2015年第3期25卷 428-437页

作者： Gurdeep KAUR Mondem Sudhakara REDDY Department of biotechnology Thapar University

A two-year field study was conducted to test the effects of two phosphate-solubilizing bacteria(PSB), Pantoea cypripedii(PSB-3)and Pseudomonas plecoglossicida(PSB-5), inoculated singly or together with rock phosphate(RP) fertilization on maize and wheat cropping cycle by comparing with chemical P fertilizer(diammonium phosphate, DAP), mainly in the crop yield, soil fertility and economic returns. Inoculation of PSB together with RP fertilization increased the crop growth in terms of shoot height, shoot and root dry biomass, grain yield and total P uptake in both maize and wheat crops compared to the other treatments. Soil fertility in the context of available P, enzyme activities and PSB population in both maize and wheat crops was significantly improved with PSB inoculation together with RP fertilization compared to DAP treatment. The combined use of PSB inoculation and RP fertilization was more economical due to minimal cost and maximum returns. These results suggested that PSB inoculation along with RP fertilization would be an appropriate substitute for chemical phosphate fertilizer application in sustainable agriculture systems.

关键词： diammonium phosphate Pantoea cypripedii Pseudomonas plecoglossicida soil fertility sustainable agriculture

Increase in the Transition Enthalpy of Fibrinogen upon Adsorption onto Hydroxyapatite

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Chinese Physics Letters 1999年第6期16卷 431-433页

作者： CHEN Yong-li MAO Hai-bin ZHANG Xiu-fang GONG Yan-dao ZHAO Nan-ming Department of Biological Science and biotechnology State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane BiotechnologyTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084

The increase of the protein transition enthalpy upon adsorption onto biomedical material surfaces was observed by measuringthe differential scanning calorimetry(DSC)traces of bovine fibrinogen adsorbed onto a hydroxyapatite *** mechanism causing the transition enthalpy increase upon adsorption was clariHed by using DSC measurements of bovine fibrinogen for different ionic strength and sodium dodecyl sulfate *** fesu7ts surest that the increased Hbrinogen transition enthalpy may be attributed to the electrostatic interactions between the carboxyl of the D domains and the calcium loci of hydroxyapatite,which may result in a more compact protein structure.

关键词： structure. surface. enthalpy

Screening and identification of Shigella flexneri 2a virulence-related genes induced after invasion of epithelial cells

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2004年第6期47卷 494-502页

作者： SHI Zhaoxing WANG Hengliang HU Kun FENG Erling YAO Xiao HUANG Liuyu SU Guofu HUNAG Peitang HUANG Cuifen Beijing Institute of biotechnology Beijing 100071China Beijing Institute of BiotechnologyBeijing 100071China Beijing Institute of BiotechnologyBeijing 100071China College of Life Science Shandong Normal UniversityJinan 250014China Beijing Institute of BiotechnologyBeijing 100071China Beijing Institute of BiotechnologyBeijing 100071China College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an 710049China Beijing Institute of BiotechnologyBeijing 100071China Beijing Institute of BiotechnologyBeijing 100071China Beijing Institute of BiotechnologyBeijing 100071China Beijing Institute of BiotechnologyBeijing 100071China

An in vivo expression technology (IVET) was applied to screen *** 2a genes induced after invasion of epithelial cells, and virulence-related genes were further identified by mutational analysis. Thirteen intracellular induced genes were identified with a HeLa cell infection model. Of these, two were identified as alkylation-related genes; one was related to metabolism; one encoded a transcriptional regulator; three were identified as insertion elements; three ap- peared to be antisense to genes involved in the transmethylation,biosyntheseis, and phos- photransferase system;and three were predicted to encode polypeptides with unknown functions. Intracellular survival assavs showed that the mutants of alkA,citC and wcaJ genes had lower capability of intracellular replication or survival than the the wild-type *** results indicated that alkA, citC and wcaJ genes could take part in the intracellular survival or replication of S. flexneri 2a and the capability of intracellular survival or replication could be one of the major virulence elements. However, the yaiC mutant was able to survive in the murine infection assay but almost not in HeLa cell infection assay. Very possibly, yaiC gene was involved in the other mechanism of S. flexneri virulence. This study might lead to a better understanding of the intra- cellular survival or proliferation process of S. flexneri 2a and perhaps provide insights into the pathogenicity of this pathogen.

关键词： Shigella flexneri 2a intracellular induced expression virulence-related genes in vivo expression technology.

Facile one-pot synthesis of PEGylated monodisperse mesoporous silica nanoparticles with controllable particle sizes

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2014年第2期25卷 257-260页

作者： Quan Zhang Zhou Ye Shu-Ting Wang Jian Yin The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and biotechnology Ministry of EducationSchool of BiotechnologyJiangnan University

In this work, we describe the one-pot synthesis of PEGylated mesoporous silica nanoparticles （MSNs） with uniform shape, tunable sizes, and narrow size distributions. The size of these nanoparticles can be controlled from 49 nm to 98 nm by simply varying the concentration oftriethanolamine during the base- catalyzed sol-gel reaction. Particles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, thermogravimetric analysis, and nitrogen adsorption-desorption measurements. These PEGylated MSNs exhibited excellent long-term stability in biological media, which ensures their potential applications in drug delivery.

关键词： Mesoporous silica nanoparticles Monodisperse PEGylated modification Stability

Variability in pod and seed traits of Pongamia pinnata Pierre ecotypes in North Karnataka, India

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Journal of Forestry Research 2016年第3期27卷 557-567页

作者： Vinod Kumar Patil G.R.Naik Department of biotechnology Gulbarga University

An evaluation of 30 naturally available candidate-plus trees（CPTs） of Pongamia pinnata was carried out to elucidate the genetic variability and relationship of pod and seed traits and progeny growth traits to select the best planting material with higher productivity. Significant variations were observed in pod and seed characteristics,oil content, and during the progeny trial studies. The highest values were found in 100-pod weight（410.4 gm）and 100-seed weight（195.92 gm） and the phenotypic and genotypic variance was found maximum in 100 pod weight（4364.71 and 4289.93） and 100 seed weight（813.8 and768.93）, respectively. Estimates of the phenotypic coefficient of variance were higher than the genotypic coefficient of variance for all the pod and seed traits and progeny growth traits, which depict the predominant role of the environment. Approximately 99 % of broad-sense heritability was revealed in oil content, followed by 100-pod weight（98.28 %）, and canopy growth（96.93 %）. Pod thickness shows the highest genetic advance of 56.61 %,followed by pod width（53.43 %） and canopy growth（49.3 %）. Pod and seed traits have proven a positive correlation between each other and with progeny growth traits,except a few negative values. Hierarchical clustering by Ward＇s minimum variance cluster analysis showed phylogeographical patterns of genetic diversity. K-means clustering revealed that trees from different geographical regions were grouped together in a cluster where as trees from the same geographical area are placed in a different cluster. Seven Pongamia ecotypes（GRP-8, 9, 13, 14, 18,28, and 29） are found superior in traits, namely 100-pod weight, 100-seed weight, oil content, germination rate,plant height, canopy growth, and collar diameter. The traits100-pod weight and 100-seed weight are highly correlated with the progeny growth traits and even have higher heritability and genetic advantages.

关键词： Biodiesel Morphological diversity Pod andseed traits Pongamia pinnata Progeny trial

Single carbon metabolism–A new paradigm for microbial bioprocesses?

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Synthetic and Systems biotechnology 2024年第2期9卷 322-329页

作者： Michael Baumschabl Özge Ata Diethard Mattanovich Austrian Centre of Industrial biotechnology(ACIB) Vienna1190Austria University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Department of BiotechnologyInstitute of Microbiology and Microbial BiotechnologyViennaAustria

Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide levels,a reduction of arable land area and the dependence of first and second generation biotechnology feedstocks on agricultural products,call for alternative,sustainable feedstock sources for industrial *** direct use of CO_(2)or conversion of CO_(2)into other single carbon(C1)sources have great potential as they might help to reduce carbon emissions and do not compete with agricultural land *** we discuss the microbial use of C1 carbon sources,their potential applications in biotechnology,and challenges towards sustainable C1-based industrial biotechnology *** focus on methanol,formic acid,methane,syngas,and CO_(2)as feedstocks for bioprocesses,their assimilation pathways,current and emerging applications,and limitations of their *** mini-review is intended as a first introduction for researchers who are new to the field of C1 biotechnology.

关键词： Sustainability BioeconomyCarbon dioxide Methanol Formate Methane

Approaches towards the core pentasaccharide in N-linked glycans

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2018年第1期29卷 35-39页

作者： Ning Wang Sheng-Tao Li Tian-Tian Lu Hideki Nakanishi Xiao-Dong Gao Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and biotechnology Ministry of Education School of Biotechnology Jiangnan University

All eukaryotic cells share a common core pentasaccharide, Man3GlcNAc2 （M3）, which is found in both dolichol-linked oligosaccharides （DLOs） and N-linked glycoproteins. A pentasaccharide M3 can be elongated and elaborated by various glycosyltransferases and is thus considered as the key intermediate in the in vitro synthetic pathway of N-glycans. In this review, we describe the progresses in the preparation of M3 by chemical and chemoenzymatic methods. We first draw a brief schematic view of the typical N-glycan biological pathway and then focus on the requirements and challenges in obtaining core pentasaccharides. Representative methods and recent reported findings, especially research progress in chemoenzymatic synthesis, are highlighted. In addition, the opportunities in exploiting novel methods for constructing N-glycans, as well as their applications, are discussed.

关键词： N-GlycanPentasaccharideChemoenzymatic synthesisAlg proteinsMannosyltransferase

Human pescadillo induces large-scale chromatin unfolding

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2005年第3期48卷 270-276页

作者： ZHANG Hao FANG Yan HUANG Cuifen YANG Xiao YE Qinong Beijing Institute of biotechnology Beijing100850China Beijing Institute of Biotechnology Beijing100850China Beijing Institute of Biotechnology Beijing100850China Beijing Institute of Biotechnology Beijing100850China Beijing Institute of Biotechnology Beijing100850China

The human pescadillo gene encodes a protein with a BRCT domain. Pescadillo plays an important role in DNA synthesis, cell proliferation and transformation. Since BRCT do- mains have been shown to induce chromatin large-scale unfolding, we tested the role of Pesca- dillo in regulation of large-scale chromatin unfolding. To this end, we isolated the coding region of Pescadillo from human mammary MCF10A cells. Compared with the reported sequence, the isolated Pescadillo contains in-frame deletion from amino acid 580 to 582. Targeting the Pesca- dillo to an amplified, lac operator-containing chromosome region in the mammalian genome re- sults in large-scale chromatin decondensation. This unfolding activity maps to the BRCT domain of Pescadillo. These data provide a new clue to understanding the vital role of Pescadillo.

关键词： Pescadillo, large-scale chromatin unfolding, replication.