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Nitrogen isotope stratigraphy of the Early Cambrian successions in the Tarim Basin:Spatial variability of nitrogen cycling and its implication for paleo-oceanic redox conditions

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Acta Geochimica 2024年第4期43卷 785-801页

作者： Bi Zhu Xuefeng Li Lu Ge Yongquan Chen institute of Earth’s Critical Zone School of Earth Sciences and EngineeringHohai UniversityNanjing 210098China research institute of exploration and development Tarim Oil Field CompanyPetroChinaKorlaChina

The Early Cambrian represents a critical time period characterized by extraordinary biological innovations and dynamic redox conditions in *** isotopic signatures of ancient sediments have the potential to elucidate the evolutionary path of marine redox states and the biogeochemical nitrogen cycle within the water column of the Early Cambrian *** existing research on this topic has predominantly focused on South China,the exploration of other continental margins has been limited,leaving contradictory hypotheses *** this study,pairedδ^(15)N andδ^(13)C org analyses were performed on the Lower Cambrian successions from the Shiairike section(inner ramp)and Well Tadong 2(deep shelf/basin)in the northwestern and eastern Tarim Basin,*** data from the Shiairike section reveal a discernible shift in the operation of different nitrogen cycles for the black chert-shale unit,also referred to as the black rock series in Chinese literature,of the Yurtus Formation(Fortunian stage to lower Stage 3).Oscillatingδ^(15)N values for its lower part are suggestive of alternating anaerobic assimilation of NH 4+and denitrification/*** is likely attributed to a shallow,unstable chemocline consistent with the upwelling and incursion of deep,anoxic waters during a major *** contrast,aerobic nitrogen cycling,indicated by positiveδ^(15)N values of>2‰,dominated the upper part alongside a reduction in upwelling *** the other hand,theδ^(15)N signatures of Xishanbulake and Xidashan Formations of Well Tadong 2,which encompass a time interval from the Cambrian Fortunian Age to Age 4,are indicative of N_(2)fixation by diazotrophs as the major nitrogen *** two studied intervals,although not time-equivalent,exhibit separated states of nitrogen cycling at least during the deposition of the Yurtus black rock *** spatially different nitrogen cycling of the studied sections is compatible with a redox-stratified ocean dur

关键词： Nitrogen isotopes Early Cambrian Tarim Black rock series

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Experimental study of the influencing factors and mechanisms of the pressure-reduction and augmented injection effect by nanoparticles in ultra-low permeability reservoirs

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Petroleum Science 2024年第3期21卷 1915-1927页

作者： Pan Wang Yu-Hang Hu Liao-Yuan Zhang Yong Meng Zhen-Fu Ma Tian-Ru Wang Zi-Lin Zhang Ji-Chao Fang Xiao-Qiang Liu Qing You Yan Zhang Beijing Key Laboratory of Unconventional Natural Gas Geological Evaluation and development Engineering China University of Geosciences(Beijing)Beijing100083China School of Energy Resources China University of Geosciences(Beijing)Beijing100083China Petroleum Engineering Technology research institute Sinopec Shengli Oilfield CompanyDongying257000ShandongChina Hekou Oil Production Plant Sinopec Shengli Oilfield CompanyDongying257200ShandongChina Petroleum exploration and Production research institute SINOPECBeijing102206China CNPC Engineering Technology R&D company Limited Beijing102206China

Nanoparticles(NPs)have gained significant attention as a functional material due to their ability to effectively enhance pressure reduction in injection processes in ultra-low permeability *** are typically studied in controlled laboratory conditions,and their behavior in real-world,complex environments such as ultra-low permeability reservoirs,is not well understood due to the limited scope of their *** study investigates the efficacy and underlying mechanisms of NPs in decreasing injection pressure under various injection conditions(25—85℃,10—25 MPa).The results reveal that under optimal injection conditions,NPs effectively reduce injection pressure by a maximum of 22.77%in core *** pressure reduction rate is found to be positively correlated with oil saturation and permeability,and negatively correlated with temperature and ***,particle image velocimetry(PIV)experiments(25℃,atmospheric pressure)indicate that the pressure reduction is achieved by NPs through the reduction of wall shear resistance and wettability *** work has important implications for the design of water injection strategies in ultra-low permeability reservoirs.

关键词： Nanoparticle Pressure reduction Augmented injection Ultra-low permeability reservoir

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Relationship between Natural Fracture and Structural Style and its Implication for Tight Gas Enrichment:A Case Study of Deep Ahe Formation in the Dibei–Tuzi Area,Kuqa Depression

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2024年第4期98卷 1086-1110页

作者： XIA Lu XI Kelai YANG Xianzhang HAN Zhanghua XU Zhenping ZHOU Lu YU Guoding WANG Daoshen WANG Weiyu School of Petroleum Engineering Shandong Institute of Petroleum and Chemical TechnologyDongyingShandong 257061China National Key Laboratory of Deep Oil and Gas China University of Petroleum(East China)QingdaoShandong 266580China research institute of Petroleum exploration and development PetroChina Tarim Oilfield CompanyKorlaXinjiang 841000China

The deep Lower Jurassic Ahe Formation(J_(1a))in the Dibei–Tuzi area of the Kuqa Depression has not been extensively explored because of the complex distribution of fractures.A study was conducted to investigate the relationship between the natural fracture distribution and structural *** J_(1a)fractures in this area were mainly high-angle shear fractures.A backward thrust structure(BTS)is favorable for gas migration and accumulation,probably because natural fractures are more developed in the middle and upper parts of a thick competent *** opposing thrust structure(OTS)was strongly compressed,and the natural fractures in the middle and lower parts of the thick competent layer around the fault were more *** vertical fracture distribution in the thick competent layers of an imbricate-thrust structure(ITS)differs from that of BTS and *** intensity of the fractures in the ITS anticline is similar to that in the *** density in monoclinic strata in a ITS is controlled by ***,the structural style controls the configuration of faults and anticlines,and the stress on the competent layers,which significantly affects deep gas reservoir *** enrichment of deep tight sandstone gas is likely controlled by two closely spaced faults and a fault-related anticline.

关键词： fracture distribution structural style deep tight sandstone electrical image logging Kuqa Depression Tarim Basin

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A semi-analytical model for coupled flow in stress-sensitive multi-scale shale reservoirs with fractal characteristics

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Petroleum Science 2024年第1期21卷 327-342页

作者： Qian Zhang Wen-Dong Wang Yu-Liang Su Wei Chen Zheng-Dong Lei Lei Li Yong-Mao Hao Key Laboratory of Unconventional Oil&Gas development(China University of Petroleum(East China)) Ministry of EducationQingdao266580ShandongChina School of Petroleum Engineering China University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao266580ShandongChina Shale Oil development Branch Changqing Oilfield CompanyPetroChinaQingyang745708GansuChina PetroChina research institute of Petroleum exploration&development Beijing100083China

A large number of nanopores and complex fracture structures in shale reservoirs results in multi-scale flow of oil. With the development of shale oil reservoirs, the permeability of multi-scale media undergoes changes due to stress sensitivity, which plays a crucial role in controlling pressure propagation and oil flow. This paper proposes a multi-scale coupled flow mathematical model of matrix nanopores, induced fractures, and hydraulic fractures. In this model, the micro-scale effects of shale oil flow in fractal nanopores, fractal induced fracture network, and stress sensitivity of multi-scale media are considered. We solved the model iteratively using Pedrosa transform, semi-analytic Segmented Bessel function, Laplace transform. The results of this model exhibit good agreement with the numerical solution and field production data, confirming the high accuracy of the model. As well, the influence of stress sensitivity on permeability, pressure and production is analyzed. It is shown that the permeability and production decrease significantly when induced fractures are weakly supported. Closed induced fractures can inhibit interporosity flow in the stimulated reservoir volume (SRV). It has been shown in sensitivity analysis that hydraulic fractures are beneficial to early production, and induced fractures in SRV are beneficial to middle production. The model can characterize multi-scale flow characteristics of shale oil, providing theoretical guidance for rapid productivity evaluation.

关键词： Multi-scale coupled flow Stress sensitivity Shale oil Micro-scale effect Fractal theory

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Experimental analysis of matrix moveable oil saturation in tight sandstone reservoirs of the south Ordos Basin,China

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Energy Geoscience 2024年第1期5卷 184-195页

作者： Ting Xu Jun Pu Xuejie Qin Yi Wei Science and Technology development Department Petroleum Exploration&Production Research InstituteSINOPECBeijing100083China Center research Department of North China Petroleum exploration&Production research institute SINOPECBeijing100083China Oil Field development Department Petroleum Exploration&Production Research InstituteSINOPECBeijing100083China

Tight oil reservoirs in the south Ordos Basin are characterized by fractured,heterogeneous oil-bearing strata(an oil saturation of less than 55%on average),normal pressure(0.8±)and extra-low permeability(less than 0.3 mD).In the Chang 8 tight sandstone reservoir in Honghe oilfield,micro-and nanopores,especially those with a pore-throat radius of less than 1 mm,account for more than 90%.Fluid flow in the matrix is non-linear and crude oil flow rates are very low under normal pressure *** improved understanding of oil mobility in a tight matrix is key to further development of normalpressure tight-oil resources in the continental *** this study,constant-velocity and high-pressure mercury injection experiments were conducted using samples of typical tight sandstone cores obtained from the south of Ordos Basin.A new method for reconstructing the full-scale pore-throat distribution characteristics of tight sandstone reservoirs was established successfully,based on which multistage centrifugal tests,tests of low-pressure differential displacement of oil by water,and nuclear magnetic resonance tests were conducted in order to obtain the distribution characteristics of moveable fluid in different *** moveable oil saturation(MOS)and degree of oil recovery(*** of accumulative oil production to producing geologic reserves)of the core samples under different differential pressures for displacement were *** for the tight oil reservoirs in the south Ordos Basin,the moveable fluids are mainly stored in sub-micron(0.10-0.5 mm)*** Type I reservoirs(k>0.1 mD),the volume percentage of moveable fluid in pores with a radius larger than 0.5 mm is relatively high(greater than 40%).The degree of oil recovery of water flooding serves as the basis for forecasting recoverable reserves for tight oil *** reserves under water flooding,mainly occur in pores with a radius greater than 0.5 *** contribution of Type I reserves to oil pro

关键词： Tight reservoir Pore-throat structure Moveable fluid volume Moveable oil saturation(MOS) Waterflooding oil recovery South Ordos basin

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Differences in and factors controlling organic matter enrichment in the Ziliujing Formation shale in the Sichuan Basin

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Petroleum Science 2024年第1期21卷 77-86页

作者： Peng Li Zhong-Bao Liu He Bi Tao Jiang Rui-Kang Bian Peng-Wei Wang Xiao-Yu Shang State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Efficient development Beijing102206China Key Laboratory of Shale Oil/Gas exploration and Production Technology SINOPECBeijing102206China Petroleum exploration and Production research institute SINOPECBeijing102206China research institute of Petroleum exploration and development PetroChinaBeijing100083China Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing100037China No.4 Oil Production Plant in Daqing oilfield Co Ltd. Daqing163511HeilongjiangChina

Lacustrine shale oil and gas are important fields for unconventional exploration and development in China,and organic-rich shale deposition lays down the critical foundation for hydrocarbon *** are two sets of shale,the Dongyuemiao and Da’anzhai Members,in the Ziliujing Formation in the Sichuan *** identify the differential enrichment characteristics of organic matter and clarify its controlling factors,geochemical analyses of organic and inorganic geochemical analyses were *** results showed that the total organic carbon content of the Dongyuemiao shale(1.36%)is slightly higher than that of the Da’anzhai shale(0.95%).The enrichment of organic matter in the two shales resulted from the comprehensive controls of paleoproductivity,paleoenvironment,and terrigenous input,but different factors have different *** addition,driven by climate,the change in the sulfate concentration in the bottom water further led to the different intensities of bacterial sulfate reduction in early *** made a great difference regarding organic matter accumulation in the two *** general,climate may have played a dominant role in organic matter enrichment in the two sets of shale.

关键词： Lacustrine shale Ziliujing Formation Sichuan Basin Enrichment mechanism of organic matter

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Controls of strike-slip fault on fractures:Insight from 3D discrete element simulation

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第1期67卷 146-164页

作者： Lianbo ZENG Zhe MAO Guoping LIU He TIAN Yingtao YAO Kewei ZU Shaoqun DONG Mehdi OSTADHASSAN State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing 102249China College of Geosciences China University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing 102249China institute of Energy Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China exploration and development research institute Zhongyuan Oilfield Branch CompanySINOPECZhengzhou 457001China Northeast Petroleum University Daqing 163318China

The fracture-cave reservoirs controlled by strike-slip faults are the main targets for oil and gas exploration of ultradeep carbonate in the Tarim *** is of great significance to clarify the distribution rules of fractures related to strike-slip faults for guiding the exploration and development of ultra-deep oil and *** this study,six groups of strike-slip fault 3D models based on discrete element numerical simulation method have been created to investigate characteristics of fault-related fracture development and distribution *** addition,we compared the modeling results to the measurement of fractures from the outcrop of a strike-slip fault in the Northern Tarim Basin to verify their *** results show that the stress environment is stable in the simple strike-slip section,and fractures intersecting with the strike-slip direction at a small angle are the principal *** the releasing stepover and double-bend sections,the maximum principal stress changes from horizontal to vertical during the formation of pull-apart zones,where the principal fractures intersect the strike-slip direction at a large *** maximum principal stress in the restraining stepover and double-bend section remains horizontal,but their strikes change significantly with the increment of fault ***,fractures intersecting the strike-slip direction at a small angle will become principal fractures early on,while those parallel to or anti-intersecting the strike-slip direction at a small angle will become principal fractures *** are obvious differences in the development of fractures in different structural positions of strike-slip *** are mainly concentrated in the fault tips,connections,and fault plane,and the magnitude of the fault damage zone is relatively larger in the first *** with fault displacement,the principal damage zone(PDZ)shows stronger control on the distribution and development intensity of *** the in

关键词： Strike-slip fault Fault-related fracture Stepover Double-bend Discrete element method

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Fracturing-flooding technology for low permeability reservoirs:A review

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Petroleum 2024年第2期10卷 202-215页

作者： Nianyin Li Shijie Zhu Yue Li Jingrui Zhao Bo Long Fei Chen Erzhen Wang Wentao Feng Yanan Hu Shubei Wang Chen Jiang State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu610500China CNPC Southwest Oil and Gas Field company exploration and development research institute Chengdu 610051China CNPC Southwest Oil and Gas Field company Shale Gas research institute Chengdu 610051China Western Drilling Tuha Underground Operation company Turpan838200China Changqing Downhole Technical Service company of Chuanqing Drilling Engineering Co. Ltd.CNPCXi’anChina Petroleum Technology research institute Petrochina Changqing Oilfield CompanyXi'anChina

The development of low-permeability oil and gas resources presents a significant challenge to traditional development *** address the problem of“no injection and no production”in low-permeability reservoirs,a novel fracture-injection-production integration technology named fracturing-flooding has been proposed by oilfield *** technology combines the advantages of conventional fracturing,water flooding,and chemical flooding,resulting in improved reservoir physical properties,increased injection,replenished energy,and increased oil displacement *** technology is especially suitable for low-permeability reservoirs that suffer from lack of energy,and strong ***-flooding technology has shown significant results and broad development prospects in some oilfields in *** paper analyzes the development status of fracturing-flooding technology from its development history,technical mechanism,technical characteristics,process flow,types of fracturing and oil displacement fluids,and field *** and numerical simulations of fracturingflooding technology are also *** results suggest that fracturing-flooding technology is more effective than conventional fracturing,water flooding,and chemical flooding in stimulating lowpermeability tight reservoirs and improving oil ***,it has a high input-output ratio and can be utilized for future reservoir stimulation and transformation.

关键词： Fracturing-flooding Enhanced oil recovery Low permeability reservoirs Water flooding Injection Chemical flooding Fracturing

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Genesis and Accumulation of Paleo-Oil Reservoir in Dabei Area,Kuqa Depression,Northwest China:Implications for Tight-Gas Accumulation

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年第2期35卷 655-665页

作者： Fujie Jiang Xiao Chen Pengwei Wang Xinghe Shao Haijun Yang State Energy Center for Shale Oil research and development Beijing102206China National Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Resources and Engineering Beijing102249China College of Geosciences China University of PetroleumBeijing102249China CNOOC International Ltd. Beijing100027China research institute of Petroleum exploration&Production SINOPECBeijing100083China research institute of Petroleum exploration and development Tarim OilfieldPetroChinaKorla841000China

Paleo-oil reservoir is of great importance to understand hydrocarbon enrichment mechanism and hydrocarbon exploration potential,but is yet poorly investigated in Kuqa *** occurrence of the paleo-oil reservoir in Dabei area was proved by quantitative grain fluorescence(QGF)and fluid inclusion *** history of the paleo-oil reservoir was reconstructed through:(1)oil-source correlation;(2)time coupling of source rock maturation,porosity evolution and migration *** impact of paleo-oil reservoir on tight-gas accumulation was consequently *** suggest that considerable oil was accumulated in the K_(1)bs reservoir with paleo oil-water contact in Dabei 2 Well and Dabei 201 Well at 5800 and 6040 m,*** oil was primarily sourced from Triassic source rocks with Jurassic source rocks of secondary importance,which was at oil generation window(0.7%–1.1%Ro)during 9–6 and 7.5–5 Ma,*** occurrence of K_(1)bs tight reservoir(porosity<12%)was about 25 Ma,while faults and associated fractures at Kelasue structural belt were developed approximately from 8 to 3.5 ***,the tight oil accumulation was formed during 8–5 *** paleo-oil reservoir in Dabei 1 gas field was destroyed by the evaporation fractionation in later stage.

关键词： Paleo-oil reservoir Dabei area Kuqa Depression Northwest China petroleum geology

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Hydrocarbon Generation Characteristics of Coal-measure Source Rocks and their Contribution to Natural Gas:A Case Study of Middle and Lower Jurassic Targets from the Southern Junggar Basin Margin

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2024年第5期98卷 1270-1284页

作者： YU Miao GAO Gang LIU Miao MA Wanyun TIAN Anqi FAN Keting GUO Liulinbo HE Dan ZHANG Youjin College of Geosciences China University of Petroleum National Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering China University of Petroleum research institute of Experimental Testing Xinjiang Oilfield Company PetroChina Xinjiang Conglomerate Reservoir Laboratory Key Laboratory of exploration and development of Conglomerate Reservoirs

In order to study the hydrocarbon generation（HCGE） characteristics of coal-bearing basins, the coal-measure source rocks of the Middle Jurassic–Lower Jurassic（MLJ） of the piedmont thrust belt in the southern margin of the Junggar Basin in Northwest China are taken as research objects. More than 60 MLJ samples were collected from outcrops and wells. Total organic carbon（TOC）, rock pyrolysis（Rock–Eval）, organic petrological, vitrinite reflectance（%Ro）, and hydrous pyrolysis were performed to analyze the relevant samples. The pyrolysis gases and liquid products were measured, and then the chemical composition, as well as carbon isotopes of the gases, were analyzed. The results indicate that the MLJ source rocks have the capacity for large-scale gas generation. In addition, for coal-measure source rocks, the heavier the carbon isotope of kerogen(δ13Ckerogen), the lower the liquid hydrocarbon and hydrocarbon gas yield, and the easier it is to produce non-hydrocarbon gas. It is worth noting that when the δ13Ckerogenin organic matter（OM） is relatively heavier, the fractionation of its products may become weaker in the evolutionary process. The vital contribution of the MLJ source rock to natural gas resources in the study area was further confirmed by comparing it with the Jurassic source gas.

关键词： carbon isotope coal-bearing basins hydrous pyrolysis Jurassic source rock upstream natural resources/energy Xinjiang province

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