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Plant root depth of tropical perennial grasses in a temperate environment

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Plant root depth of tropical perennial grasses in a temperat...

ⅩⅪ International Grassland Congress and the Ⅷ International Rangeland Congress

作者： S.R.Murphy G.M.Lodge M.A.Brennan NSW Department of Primary industries 4 Marsden Park Road Calala NSW AUSTRALIA 2340 Future Farm industries CRC

＜正＞Introduction The influence of perennial grasses on the soil water balance has been determined by measuring the pattern and depth of soil drying achieved by plant roots（Murphy and Lodge 2006）.Pasture species having a greater plant root depth and an increased ability to use available soil water may produce more herbage mass,and so increase livestock *** North-West Slopes region of New South Wales（NSW） is classed as a temperate environment,but it has warm to hot summers and a summer dominant rainfall *** active species,such as tropical perennial grasses,may be suited to this environment to utilise available soil water during the summer season.

关键词： tropical grass soil water roots

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哺乳动物精原干细胞的研究进展

中国细胞生物学学报 2014年第3期36卷 392-399页

作者：萨初拉顾婷玉何志颖 Muren Herrid 王欣乌云毕力格内蒙古大学哺乳动物生殖生物学及生物技术教育部重点实验室呼和浩特010021 中国科学院上海生命科学研究院生物化学与细胞生物学研究所上海200031 第二军医大学细胞生物学教研室上海200433 csiro livestock industries FD McMaster Laboratory

精原干细胞是雄性体内可以永久维持的成体干细胞,它具有自我更新和分化的能力,保证了雄性个体生命过程中精子发生的持续进行,从而实现将遗传信息传递给下一代。精原干细胞不仅可在体外实现长期培养或诱导分化为各级生精细胞,并且可在特... 详细信息

精原干细胞是雄性体内可以永久维持的成体干细胞,它具有自我更新和分化的能力,保证了雄性个体生命过程中精子发生的持续进行,从而实现将遗传信息传递给下一代。精原干细胞不仅可在体外实现长期培养或诱导分化为各级生精细胞,并且可在特定条件下将其诱导去分化成为多能性干细胞。同样,这种多能性干细胞如同胚胎干细胞,可被诱导形成造血细胞、神经元细胞、肌细胞等多种类型细胞。鉴于其独具的生物学特性,精原干细胞在揭示精子的发生机制、治疗雄性不育和转基因动物等研究中具有重要价值。该文对精原干细胞在生物学特性、纯化培养、移植、体外诱导分化及其相关调控方面的各项研究进行了小结,综述了近年来的研究历程和最新研究成果。

关键词：精原干细胞诱导分化移植调控

Characterization by PCR of Escherichia coli from Beef and Chicken Used in Restaurants in YaoundéCameroon

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2022年第5期10卷 54-63页

作者： Justin Ledoux Tanke Fanjip Jean Paul Kengne Chedjou Palmer Masumbe Netongo Serge Eyébé Mbu’u Mbanwi Cyrille Aristid Ekollo Ngum Lesley Ngum Carolle Eyébé Nsa’amang Ahmadou Hamadjam Alkaïssou Wilfred Fon Mbacham The Biotechnology Center University of Yaoundé I Nkolbisson Yaoundé Cameroon Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon Ministry of livestock Fisheries and Animal Industries Yaoundé Cameroon Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Faculty of Science University of Buea Buea Cameroon Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon School of Science Navajo Technical University Crownpoint USA Department of Public Health Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon Department of Microbiology Faculty of Science University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science University of Ngaoundéré Ngaoundéré Cameroon Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plant Studies Yaoundé Cameroon Department of Microbiology Parasitology Hematology and Infectious Diseases Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon

Meat constitutes the main source of protein and occupies an important place in our diet. Indeed, the production of poultry and beef has increased. However, the hygienic quality of meat is not always guaranteed. Microorganisms such as Escherichia coli can be found in meat and can cause various infections including diarrhea, dysentery, food poisoning, gastroenteritis or typhoid fever. Thus, the present study was designed to characterize Escherichia coli (E. coli) from beef and chicken consumed in restaurants in Yaoundé Cameroon. A total of 105 meat samples (60 beef and 45 chickens) were subjected to microbial culture for E. coli isolation and further confirmed by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) using primers EC-F and EC-R that are specific to E. coli 16S rRNA gene. The supplier source, storage, and transport conditions were taken into consideration during sample analysis and data processing. This study revealed that 77/105 samples (73.33%) were positive for E. coli following microbial culture and 35 (33.33%) were positive for E. coli following molecular examination. A statistically significant difference was observed when PCR and microbial culture were used to assess for E. coli in beef and a non-statistically significant difference was observed in the case of chicken meat. Also, a statistically significant difference was noticed with the different transport conditions, but this wasn’t the case with the supplier source as well as the storage conditions where a non-statistically significant difference was seen. This study revealed that PCR-based methods are fast and reliable in the identification and characterization of Escherichia coli in meats (beef and chicken) as well as in assessing the prevalence of pathogenic E. coli, in Cameroon.

关键词： Characterization Prevalence E. coli Meat Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

The Performance of Black Soldier Fly Larvae (BSFLs), Hermetia illucens L. (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), as a Function of the Substrate Used: A Review

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2023年第9期11卷 133-152页

作者： Marykathleen Agbornawbi Tambeayuk Marc Anselme Kamga Olalekan J. Taiwo Department of Environmental Management Institute of Life and Earth Sciences (PAULESI) Pan African University Ibadan Nigeria Department of Industrial Security Quality and Environment National Advanced School of Mining and Petroleum Industries University of Maroua Kaele Cameroon Department of Geography Faculty of the Social Sciences University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria

Organic wastes are one of the greatest challenges that cities face worldwide. In numerous underdeveloped nations, like Cameroon, waste is often disposed of through landfills, composting, or open-air combustion. Unfortunately, the concept of waste sorting and organic waste processing is new to many individuals. This has led to an increase in the amount of organic waste and the costs connected with its management. Consequently, the majority of developing nations have sought out waste management solutions that are more cost-effective. Therefore, it has been determined that the bioconversion of organic wastes by black soldier fly larvae (BSFLs) (Hermetia illucens) into multifunctional prepupae is a viable alternative. Appreciation is given to the employment of the organic waste management approach in developing nations since it is not only environmentally friendly and economically viable, but also provides a means for waste valorisation through the production of diverse resources and potential economic benefits. Studies have proved the usefulness of the insect in controlling organic wastes, but countries such as Cameroon are still unfamiliar with the nuances of this method. Consequently, this timely review examined the performance of the BSFL, specifically in organic waste treatment, as well as the best practices for multiplying them to determine its viability for use in a waste treatment plant, the production of high-quality larvae as a source of protein for livestock, and the production of diesel fuel.

关键词： Environmental Sustainability Organic Waste Management Waste Valorisation Black Soldier Fly Larvae (BSFLs) Performance Protein Source Biodiesel

In Vitro Evaluation of the Antimethanogenic Potency and Effects on Fermentation of Individual and Combinations of Marine Macroalgae

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2016年第14期7卷 2038-2054页

作者： Robert D. Kinley Matthew J. Vucko Lorenna Machado Nigel W. Tomkins csiro Agriculture Australian Tropical Science & Innovation Precinct James Cook University Townsville Australia MACRO—The Centre for Macroalgal Resources and Biotechnology College of Marine and Environmental Sciences James Cook University Townsville Australia

Contribution of ruminants to total greenhouse gas emissions in Australia is approximately 10% and likely to increase with demand for livestock products, thus an efficient method of mitigation must be implemented. The red marine macroalgae Asparagopsis taxiformis reduces enteric methane production by up to 99% in vitro. Other macroalgae with less potent antimethanogenic properties may complement inclusion of Asparagopsis in livestock feeds. Adoption of environmental based changes in livestock systems must provide benefits to producers if change in management is to be adopted. This study used 72 h in vitro fermentations with rumen inoculum to characterize and rank seven species of macroalgae at low inclusion that previously demonstrated some degree of antimethanogenesis at higher inclusion concentration. The seven were assessed at 5% inclusion (OM basis) and in combination with Asparagopsis to evaluate beneficial effects on fermentation. When tested individually, improvements in volatile fatty acids were generally observed, however, minimal effect on gas production and no clear justification for a ranking order were demonstrated. When tested in combination with Asparagopsis, the effects on fermentation were dominated by presence of Asparagopsis at 2% and no further benefits demonstrated. Therefore, Asparagopsis remains the only macroalga inducing near elimination of methane in vitro and benefit of combinations with other macroalgae evaluated in this study was not demonstrated. However, combination with high protein macroalgae is proposed to provide productivity enhancement during seasonal lows in grass quality and thus reduce methane emissions intensity providing a stronger conduit for environmental responsibility while increasing productivity.

关键词： Asparagopsis Methane Rumen Seaweed Algae

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Hendra re-visited

Hendra re-visited

Protein hydrolysates in animal nutrition：Industrial production, bioactive peptides,and functional significance

第3届新生病毒性疾病控制学术研讨会

作者： Hume Field Dept Primary industries and Fisheries QueenslandAustralia & Australian Biosecurity Cooperative Research Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases

Bats of the genus Pteropus(flying foxes) are the natural hosts of henipaviruses,a emergent group of viruses responsible for fatal disease in livestock and humans. There are two recognised members of the genus:Hendra v...

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2017年第3期8卷 513-525页

作者： Yongqing Hou Zhenlong Wu Zhaolai Dai Genhu Wang Guoyao Wu Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science Hubei Collaborative innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety Wuhan Polytechnic University Wuhan 430023 China College of Animal Science and Technology China Agricultural University Beijing China Research and Development Division Shanghai Gentech Industries Group Shanghai China 201015 Department of Animal Science Texas A&M University College Station. TX. USA 77843

Recent years have witnessed growing interest in the role of peptides in animal nutrition. Chemical, enzymatic, or microbial hydrolysis of proteins in animal by-products or plant-source feedstuffs before feeding is an attractive means of generating high-quality small or large peptides that have both nutritional and physiological or regulatory functions in livestock, poultry and fish. These peptides may also be formed from ingested proteins in the gastrointestinal tract, but the types of resultant peptides can vary greatly with the physiological conditions of the animals and the composition of the diets. In the small intestine, large peptides are hydrolyzed to small peptides,which are absorbed into enterocytes faster than free amino acids（AAs） to provide a more balanced pattern of AAs in the blood circulation. Some peptides of plant or animal sources also have antimicrobial, antioxidant,antihypertensive, and immunomodulatory activities. Those peptides which confer biological functions beyond their nutritional value are called bioactive peptides. They are usually 2–20 AA residues in length but may consist of 〉20AA residues. Inclusion of some（e.g. 2–8%） animal-protein hydrolysates（e.g., porcine intestine, porcine mucosa,salmon viscera, or poultry tissue hydrolysates） or soybean protein hydrolysates in practical corn-and soybean mealbased diets can ensure desirable rates of growth performance and feed efficiency in weanling pigs, young calves,post-hatching poultry, and fish. Thus, protein hydrolysates hold promise in optimizing the nutrition of domestic and companion animals, as well as their health（particularly gut health） and well-being.

关键词： Animals Nutrition Peptides Protein hydrolysates Sustainability

The application of farming system models to the problem of sustainable grasslands management in northern China and Australia

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The application of farming system models to the problem of s...

A Comparison Study of Phenolic Contents and <i>in Vitro</i>Antioxidant Activities of Australian Grown Faba Beans (<i>Vicia faba</i>L.) Varying in Seed Coat Colours as Affected by Extraction Solvents

ⅩⅪ International Grassland Congress and the Ⅷ International Rangeland Congress

作者： R.Jones D.Michalk D.Kemp T.Takahashi G.Millar NSW Department of Primary industries Forest RoadOrange NSW 2800Australia Charles Sturt University Orange NSW 2800Australia

＜正＞Introduction Chinese grasslands suffer considerable pressures from human and livestock populations,with more than 90%of Chinese grasslands suffering from light to heavy levels of *** is reflected in a decline in the composition of desirable species,increased areas of bare ground,and soil *** to this are declining rates of animal productivity with the adoption of high stocking rates,and low household incomes of herders and farmers dependant upon livestock products for

关键词： modelling economics sustainability grasslands livestock

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2019年第6期10卷 227-245页

作者： Siem Doo Siah Samson Agboola Jennifer A. Wood Izabela Konczak Christopher L. Blanchard Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute Wagga Wagga Australia Australian Export Grains Innovation Centre (AEGIC) North Ryde NSW Australia School of Biomedical Sciences Charles Sturt University Wagga Wagga Australia Food Futures Flagship CSIRO Animal Food and Health Sciences North Ryde NSW Australia School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences Charles Sturt University Wagga Wagga Australia Tamworth Agricultural Institute NSW Department of Primary Industries Calala Australia Food Science and Technology School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering University of New South Wales Sydney Australia ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Functional Grains Charles Sturt University Wagga Wagga NSW Australia

Twelve Australian grown faba bean genotypes with seed colour ranging from white, different shades of buff/beige, green, red and purple, were extracted using 80% methanol (v/v) or 70% acetone (v/v). The findings showed that commonly consumed buff-coloured genotypes have comparable phenolic contents and antioxidant activities to those with exotic seed coat colour (red, green and purple). In general, the extraction yield for methanol and acetone extracts of faba bean genotypes were similar. However, the acetone extracts of faba bean varieties with coloured seed coats exhibited higher antioxidant activities than their methanol extracts counterparts. Phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities of the genotypes were compared in an array of chemical-based assays and profiled using an on-line high-performance liquid chromatography-post column derivatization (HPLC-PCD) system. The total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of acetone extracts were approximately twice those of methanol extracts. The acetone extracts contained six times higher levels of di(phenyl)-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl) imi- noazanium radical scavenging activity (DPPH), six times higher Total Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC) and two times higher Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) than those of methanol extracts. In general, the methanol extracts of white-coloured faba bean genotype exhibited comparable phenolic contents and antioxidant activities to varieties with coloured seed coats. However, the TPC, TFC, DPPH, TEAC and FRAP of acetone extracts from white-coloured genotype were 2 - 4, 1 - 2, 5 - 9, 2 - 3 and 1 - 2 times lower than those of faba bean varieties with coloured seed coats. HPLC-PCD analyses showed substantial antioxidant responses, represented as a dense “hump” of peaks in the HPLC chromatograms of acetone extracts from coloured-genotypes. This “hump” was not detected in the chromatograms of white-genotype acetone extracts, or in chromatograms of methanol extract

关键词： Vicia faba Extraction Solvent Phenolic Compound Antioxidant