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Sero-Prevalence and Risk Factors of Diffusion of Peste des Petits Ruminants in Cameroon

Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2020年第7期10卷 103-115页

作者： Severin Loul Abel Wade Alexandre Michel Njan Nlôga Ministry of livestock Fisheries and Animals Industries Yaounde Cameroon Center of Research on Emerging and Reemerging Diseases Yaounde Cameroon National Veterinary Laboratory Garoua Cameroon Faculty of Science University of Ngaoundere Ngaoundere Cameroon

The present study was carried out between April 2015 and January 2016 to estimate the sero-prevalence and identify the risk factors of the peste des petits ruminants (PPR) in Cameroon. A total of 269 herds randomly sampled across the country have been studied and 1622 samples of serum have been levied on the sheep and goat. The c-ELISA has been studied in order to detect the presence of antibodies in small ruminants like an indicator of exposition to PPRV. The results revealed the circulation of PPRV in the country with a total sero-prevalence of 39% [95%CI;37 - 41] and a sero-prevalence of 63.2% [95%CI;57.2 - 69.2] at the herd level. Sero-prevalence was variable in the ten regions ranging from 7% [95% CI;6.2 - 8.4] to 73% [95% CI;62 - 84] with the northern zone (Adamawa, North and Far-North) having 52.3% [95% CI;37 - 60] and southern zone (including the remaining seven regions) recording 29% [95% CI;11 - 57]. Similarly, it was higher in animals found in urban/peri-urban areas than in rural areas with prevalence ratio of 2.9 [95% CI 2.54 - 3.4;p i.e. 3 times more, 1.6 [95% CI 1.36 - 1.90;p i.e. 1.6 times more, and 5.02 [95% CI 3.91 - 6.85;p i.e. 5 times more at national level, in the northern zone and in the southern area, respectively. Five risk factors have been identified: the breeding environment, introduction of new animals into the herds, gathering of animals for pasture and watering, wandering and transhumance. The breeding area appeared to be the most important risk factor associated with disease exposure. The control measures for the eradication of this disease must take into account the epidemiological situation, the breeding environment, animal transhumance and breeding system.

关键词： Small Ruminants Sero-Prevalence Risk Factors Peste des Petits Ruminants Cameroon

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Protein profiles of enzymatically isolated rumen epithelium in sheep fed a fibrous diet

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2019年第2期10卷 449-462页

作者： J.J.Bond A.J.Donaldson J.V.F.Coumans K.Austin D.Ebert D.Wheeler V.H.Oddy NSW Department of Primary industries Extensive Livestock Industry CentreUniversity of New EnglandTrevenna RdArmidaleNSW 2351Australia School of Rural Medicine University of New EnglandArmidaleNSW 2351Australia NSW Department of Primary industries Orange Agricultural InstituteOrangeNSW 2800Australia.

Background: The rumen wall plays a major role in efficient transfer of digested nutrients in the rumen to peripheral tissues through the portal venous system. Some of these substrates are metabolised in the epithelium during this process. To identify the specific proteins involved in these processes, we used proteomic technologies. Protein extracts were prepared from ventral rumen tissue of six sheep fed a fibrous diet at 1.5× maintenance energy *** a newly developed method, we were able to enzymatically isolate the epithelial cells from underlying tissue layers, thus allowing cytosol and membrane fractions to be independently analysed using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry(LC MS/MS).Results: Using our procedure we identified 570 epithelial proteins in the Ovis aries sequence database. Subcellular locations were largely cytosolic(n = 221) and extracellular(n = 85). However, a quarter of the proteins identified were assigned to the plasma membrane or organelle membranes, some of which transport nutrients and metabolites. Of these 91 were transmembrane proteins(TMHMM), 27 had an N-terminal signal peptide(signalP) and TMHMM motif,13 had a glycosylphosphatidylinositol(GPI) anchor and signalP sequence, 67 had beta(β) strands or 17 β strands and a transit peptide sequence, indicating the identified proteins were integral or peripheral membrane proteins. Subunits of the 5 protein complexes involved in mitochondrial cellular energy production were well represented. Structural proteins(15%), proteins involved in the metabolism of lipids and proteins(26%) and those with steroid or cytokine action were a feature of the ***: Our research has developed a procedure to isolate rumen epithelium proteins from the underlying tissue layers so that they may be profiled using proteomic technologies. The approach improves the number of proteins that can be profiled that are specific to the epithelium of the rumen wall. It provides new insights

关键词： Epithelium Metabolism Nutrition Proteome Rumen Sheep

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The community structure and microbial linkage of rumen protozoa and methanogens in response to the addition of tea seed saponins in the diet of beef cattle

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2021年第1期12卷 272-281页

作者： Cui Tan Carlos A.Ramírez-Restrepo Ali Mujtaba Shah Rui Hu Matt Bell Zhisheng Wang Chris McSweeney Institute of Animal Nutrition Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130SichuanChina Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation CSIRO Agriculture and FoodAustralian Tropical Sciences and Innovation PrecinctJames Cook UniversityTownsville QLD 4811Australia Present address:CR Eco-efficient Agriculture Consultancy(CREAC) 46 Bilbao PlaceBushland Beach QLD 4818Australia Department of livestock Production Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and Animal SciencesSakrandSindh 67210Pakistan “Low Carbon Breeding Cattle and Safety Production” University Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceYa’an 625014SichuanChina School of Biosciences University of NottinghamSutton BoningtonLoughborough LE125RDUK csiro Agriculture Queensland BioScience PrecinctSt LuciaBrisbane QLD 4067Australia.

Background: This study investigated changes in rumen protozoal and methanogenic communities, along with the correlations among microbial taxa and methane(CH_4) production of six Belmont Red Composite beef steers fed tea seed saponins(TSS). Animals were fed in three consecutive feeding periods, a high-grain basal diet for 14 d(BD period) then a period of progressive addition of TSS to the basal diet up to 30 g/d for 20 d(TSS period), followed by the basal diet for 13 d without TSS(BDP post-control period).Results: The study found that TSS supplementation decreased the amount of the protozoal genus Entodinium and increased Polyplastron and Eudiplodinium genera. During BDP period, the protozoa community of steers did not return to the protozoal profiles observed in BD period, with higher proportions of Metadinium and Eudiplodinium and lower Isotricha. The addition of TSS was found to change the structure of methanogen community at the subgenus level by decreasing the abundance of methanogens in the SGMT clade and increasing the abundance of methanogens in the RO clade. The correlation analysis indicated that the abundance of SGMT clade methanogens were positively correlated with Isotricha, and Isotricha genus and SGMT clade methanogens were positively correlated with CH_4 production. While RO clade were positively correlated with the proportion of Metadinium genus, which was negatively correlated with CH_4 ***: These results suggest that different genera of rumen protozoa ciliates appear to be selectively inhibited by TSS, and the change in methanogen community at the subgenus level may be due to the mutualistic relationships between methanogens and rumen ciliates.

关键词： Beef steers Methane Methanogen Protozoa Tea seed saponin

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Effect of Calcium Source in Supplemental Diets on the Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics of the Giant African Land Snails (Archachatina marginata) in the Western Highlands of Cameroon

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2022年第3期12卷 537-545页

作者： Aziwo Tatanja Niba Ongum Simon Unji Ngwarh Perpetua Tuncha Helvecia Takwe Department of Animal Production Technology College of Technology University of Bamenda Bambili Cameroon Ministry of livestock Fisheries and Animal Industries North West Regional Delegation Bamenda Cameroon Helvy Farms Upskill Research Bamenda Cameroon

To contribute to the diversification of protein sources, the conservation and preservation of the Giant African Land Snails (Archachatina marginata), a study was carried out between March and July 2019 at the Helvy Farms-WVED Cameroon located at Station Bamenda to investigate the effect of three calcium sources on their growth performance and carcass characteristics. 180 juvenile snails aged 4 months initially weighing between 24.2 and 28.5 g, shell length ranging between 40.25 - 48.35 mm, and shell diameter of between 14.08 - 18.44 mm were randomly allotted to 3 treatments containing each a different calcium source (crushed snail shell, eggshell and agricultural limestone) and a control treatment constituted of natural plant feeding materials of the snail. There were 45 snails per treatment, constituted of three replicates with 15 snails per replicate. Each replicate was housed in well-constructed surface trench pens equipped with drinking and feeding troughs. The basal diet made up of feedstuffs like pawpaw leaves and watermelons was provided ad libitum. The initial weights of the snails were recorded at the start of the experiment followed by weekly weight measurements, while the snail length and width were measured with a digital caliper of 0.05 mm accuracy. The snails were monitored for a period of 21 weeks and data was collected for 20 weeks after a 1 week adaptation period. The results showed that the weight gain (g) of snails for diets containing calcium sources in the supplemental diets were all significantly higher (P < 0.05) than the corresponding values recorded for the control diet with natural plant material. It was observed that the shell length (0.34 ± 0.02), shell width (0.16 ± 0.02), weight gain (13.13 ± 0.03) and feed conversion efficiency (1.977 ± 0.11) were highest in snails fed snail shell diet as calcium source compared with snails from other treatments. These values were however not significantly higher than corresponding values for the other

关键词： Archachatina marginata Shell Length Shell Width Growth Performance Carcass Characteristics

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A Review of Metal Silicides for Lithium-Ion Battery Anode Application

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2021年第3期34卷 291-308页

作者： Bo Ding Zhenfei Cai Zishan Ahsan Yangzhou Ma Shihong Zhang Guangsheng Song Changzhou Yuan Weidong Yang Cuie Wen Key Laboratory of Green Fabrication and Surface Technology of Advanced Metal Materials Ministry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringAnhui University of TechnologyMaanshan 243000China School of Materials Science and Engineering University of JinanJinan 250022China Future Manufacturing Flagship Commonwealth Science and Industries Research Organization(CSIRO)Melbourne.VIC 3168Australia School of Engineering RMIT University.MelbourneVIC 3001Australia Electronic Materials Research Laboratory Key Laboratory of the Ministry of EducationXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China

Lithium batteries(LIBs) with low capacity graphite anode(~372 mAh g-1) cannot meet the ever-growing demand for new energy electric vehicles and renewable energy *** is essential to replace graphite anode with higher capacity anode materials for high-energy density ***(Si) is well known to be a possible alternative for graphite anode due to its highest capacity(~4200 mAh g-1).Unfortunately,large volume change during lithiation and delithiation has prevented the Si anode from being *** silicides are a promising type of anode materials which can improve cycling stability via the accommodation of volume change by dispersing Si in the metal inactive/active matrix,while maintain greater capacity than ***,we present a classification of Si alloying with metals in periodic table of elements,review the available literature on metal silicide anodes to outline the progress in improving and understanding the electrochemical performance of various metal silicides,analyze the challenges that remain in using metal silicides,and offer perspectives regarding their future research and development as anode materials for commercial LIBs application.

关键词： Li-ion battery Metal silicides Anode materials Electrochemical performance

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Nitric oxide and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor（EDHF）:role in the regulation of vascular tone in physiological and pathophysiological states

Nitric oxide and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor...

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2008北京国际生理科学学术大会

作者： TRIGGLE C.R ALJOFAN M HOLLENBERG M Weill-Cornell Medical College in Qatar Education CityDohaQatar School of Medical Sciences RMIT UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia 3083 Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics University of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanadaT2N 4NI. Australian Animal Health Laboratory CSIRO Livestock IndustriesGeelong 3220Australia

＜正＞Introduction:Endothelium-dependent regulation of vascular tone is accomplished in conduit vessels, primarily,by the generation of nitric oxide（NO）with a variable contribution of prostacyclin,whereas in the microcirculation an NO-prostacyclin-independent endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization（EDH）of vascular smooth muscle *** a chemical mediator（endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor,EDHF）or lowresistance electrical coupling,via connexins between endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells,or both,is responsible for EDH remains controversial,Endothelial dysfunction,as defined by a reduced vasodilator response to either an endothelium-dependent vasodilator or flow-mediated vasodilatation,is an early indication of diabetesassociated cardiovascular *** studies have focused on the effects of hyperglycaemia on endotheliumdependent vasodilatation and,specifically,whether NO and/or EDHF-mediated vasodilatation are differentially affected. Materials and Methods:Second order small mesenteric arteries（SMA）were isolated from C57,db/db and TallyHo diabetic mice for studies of acetylcholine or bradykinin-mediated *** effects of high glucose on mouse microvascular endothelial cells（MMECs）in culture were also ***:Normal endothelial function was evident in SMA from db/db until 7-8 weeks of age after which endothelial dysfunction,due to the loss of NO,developed rapidly in association with elevated levels of blood ***,the pharmacological properties of EDHF were modified in the diabetic *** an acute model（diazoxide-induced）endothelial dysfunction was evident within 4d of *** data from studies with MMECs indicate that exposure to glucose levels equivalent to those seen in 12-16 weeks db/db mice（40 mmol/L）rapidly induces changes in expression of p22phox,eNOS and SOD1 and *** not only improved endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in SMA from diabetic mice,but also prevented glucose-

关键词： endothelium nitric oxide EDHF diabetes

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A Dual Ensemble Agroclimate Modelling Procedure to Assess Climate Change Impacts on Sugarcane Production in Australia

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Agricultural Sciences 2015年第8期6卷 870-888页

作者： Yvette Everingham Geoff Inman-Bamber Justin Sexton Chris Stokes College of Science Technology and Engineering James Cook University Townsville Australia Centre for Tropical Environmental & Sustainable Science Townsville Australia Plant industries CSIRO ATSIP James Cook University Townsville Australia

Climate is a key driver of sugarcane production and all its by-products. Consequently, it is important to understand how climate change will influence sugarcane crop productivity. Ensembles from a crop model and climate projections form part of the dual ensemble methodology to assess climate change impacts on sugarcane productivity for three major sugarcane-growing regions in Australia—Burdekin, Mackay and New South Wales (NSW). Different parameterisations of a crop model injected with climate outputs from eleven statistically downscaled general circulation models (GCM) were used to estimate regionally averaged sugarcane yields for the base period 1971 to 2000. The forward stagewise algorithm selected crop model parameterisations that best explained the observed yields. Leave-one-out cross validation assessed the predictive capability of the equally weighted crop ensemble members characterised by the selected crop model parameterizations. A Monte Carlo permutation testing procedure was employed to measure the significance of the predictive correlations. The predictive correlations between historical yields and simulated historical yields for the Burdekin, Mackay and NSW were 0.69 (p = 0.030), 0.83 (p < 0.001) and 0.70 (p = 0.034), respectively. Simulations were run based on GCM projections for 2046 to 2065 for a low (B1) and a high (A2) emission scenario, with and without elevated CO2 levels. We found it was plausible for industry to consider an increase in yields to all three regions under the B1 scenario and highly plausible for NSW under the A2 scenario. Higher CO2 levels resulted in lower demand of water for the crop, particularly in the Burdekin region and suggested that industry could expand into regions currently considered as marginal owing to the benefits of increased transpiration efficiency that are associated with increased CO2. Although this study favoured neutral or positive impacts on sugarcane production, industry should not overlook negative impacts

关键词： Agriculture Sustainable Global Warming Adaptation CMIP

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Hendra and Nipah Virus Envelope Glycoproteins and Receptor Interactions

Hendra and Nipah Virus Envelope Glycoproteins and Receptor I...

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第3届新生病毒性疾病控制学术研讨会

作者： Andrew C.Hickey Kimberly A.Bishop Dimple Khetawat Yee-Peng Chan KathadneN.Bossart, Dimiter S.Dimitrov Dimitar B.Nikolov Christopher C.Broder Department of Microbiology Uniformed Services UniversityBethesdaMaryland 20814USA csiro Livestock IndustriesAAHLGeelongVictoria 3220Australia Protein Interactions Group CCRNPCCR and BRPSAIC-FrederickInc.NCINIHFrederickMaryland 21702USA Structural Biology Program Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNY 10021USA

Nipah virus(NiV) and Hendra virus(HeV) are the type species of the highly pathogenic paramyxovirus genus *** viruses exhibit a broad species tropism associated with significant morbidity and mortality among a variety of

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Benchmarking two Saccharomyces cerevisiae laboratory strains for growth and transcriptional response to methanol

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Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology 2019年第4期4卷 180-188页

作者： Monica I.Espinosa Thomas C.Williams Isak S.Pretorius Ian T.Paulsen ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology Department of Molecular SciencesMacquarie UniversityNSWAustralia csiro Synthetic Biology Future Science Platform CanberraACT2601Australia

One-carbon compounds,such as methanol,are becoming potential alternatives to sugars as feedstocks for the biological production of chemicals,fuels,foods,and *** biological production often requires extensive genetic manipulation of a microbial host strain,making well-characterised and geneticallytractable model organisms like the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae attractive targets for the engineering of methylotrophic *** strains S288C and *** are the two best-characterised and most widely used hosts for yeast synthetic biology and metabolic engineering,yet they have unpredictable metabolic phenotypes related to their many genomic *** therefore sought to benchmark these two strains as potential hosts for engineered methylotrophic metabolism by comparing their growth and transcriptomic responses to *** had improved growth in the presence of methanol relative to the S288C derivative *** *** transcriptome also had a specific and relevant response to methanol that was either absent or less pronounced in the BY4741 *** response included up-regulation of genes associated with mitochondrial and peroxisomal metabolism,alcohol and formate dehydrogenation,glutathione metabolism,and the global transcriptional regulator of metabolism ***-expression of MIG3 enabled improved growth in the presence of methanol,suggesting that MIG3 is a mediator of the superior *** strain *** was therefore identified as a superior strain for the future development of synthetic methylotrophy in ***.

关键词： Yeast Methylotrophy Synthetic biology Metabolic engineering MIG3 Methanol

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Effect of solution heat treatment and hot isostatic pressing on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Hastelloy X manufactured by electron beam powder bed fusion

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2022年第3期98卷 99-117页

作者： Amal Shaji Karapuzha Darren Fraser Yuman Zhu Xinhua Wu Aijun Huang Department of Materials Science and Engineering Monash UniversityVictoria 3800Australia Monash Centre for Additive Manufacturing 15-17 Normanby RdNotting HillVIC 3168Australia Manufacturing Unit CSIROClaytonVictoria 3168Australia

Prior to the application of AM components for critical applications,it is necessary to have a better understanding of the effect of different post-fabrication treatments on the microstructure and mechanical properties of such *** this study,efforts were made to achieve an in-depth understanding of the effect of post-fabrication Solution Heat Treatment(SHT)and Hot Isostatic Pressing(HIP)on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Hastelloy X parts built by electron beam powder bed fusion(PBF-EB)*** effects of SHT and HIP on porosity,microstructure,texture and mechanical properties have been investigated and compared with that of as-built PBF-EB Hastelloy ***-fabrication HIP treatment led to a significant reduction in the porosity content,whereas no notable difference in porosity was observed between SHT and as-built *** was no evidence of any recrystallization occurring following the post-fabrication treatments as elongated columnar grain structures observed within as-built part were found to be maintained even after SHT and HIP process alongside the strongcrystallographic *** was laid upon understanding the influence of SHT and HIP on mechanical properties through stress-strain curves and work-hardening behaviour.

关键词： Additive manufacturing Electron beam powder bed fusion Nickel-based superalloy Heat treatment Hot isostatic pressing

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