检索结果-南通市图书馆

Chinese Science Bulletin 2001年第1期46卷 26-33页

作者： SHEN Yanbin, Frederick R. Schram & Rod S. Taylor Nanjing Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China zoological museum, University of Amsterdam, P. O. Box 94766, 1090 GT Amsterdam, The Netherlands Department of Earth Sciences, Cambridge University, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, United Kingdom Nanjing Institute of Geology and Paleontology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing China zoological museum University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands Department of Earth Sciences Cambridge University Cambridge UK

Twelve morphological characteristics in 61 fossil crayfish specimens, which came from the Upper Jurassic Yixian Formation, are discussed respectively in the present paper. A study of these new and better preserved materials allows us to add to and revise the original description for Family Cricoidoscelosidae. In our collection, no modifications of the second pleopod of the males have yet been noted. This would be a crucial factor for the diagnosis of the family. Based on the presence of annulus ventralis in both Cricoidoscelosus and Palaeocambarus, they would appear to be very closely allied to those characteristics of the Family Cambaridae. In regard to the family Protastacidae, we seriously doubt it is actually crayfish, in light of the lack of any apomorphies identifiable within the Astacida, and their marine habitat.

关键词： crayfish morphological variation taxonomy Upper Jurassic Jehol biota.

The Silk roads: phylogeography of Central Asian dice snakes (Serpentes: Natricidae) shaped by rivers in deserts and mountain valleys

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Current Zoology 2024年第2期70卷 150-162页

作者： Daniel Jablonski Konrad Mebert Rafaqat Masroor Evgeniy Simonov Oleg Kukushkin Timur Abduraupov Sylvia Hofmann Department of Zoology Comenius University in BratislavaBratislavaSlovakia Global Biology BirrSwitzerland Pakistan museum of Natural History ShakarparianIslamabadPakistan Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution Russian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussia T.I.Vyazemski Karadag Scientific Station-Nature Reserve—Branch of A.0.Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas TheodosiaCrimea zoological Institute of the RAS Saint PetersbourgRussia Institute of Zoology Academy of Sciences of the Republic of UzbekistanYunusabadTashkentUzbekistan museum Koenig Bonn LIBLeibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity ChangeBonnGermany UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Department of Conservation BiologyPermoserstrasse 1504318 LeipzigGermany

Influenced by rapid changes in climate and landscape features since the Miocene,widely distributed species provide suitable models to study the environmental impact on their evolution and current genetic diversity.The dice snake Natrix tessellata,widely distributed in the Western Palearctic is one such species.We aimed to resolve a detailed phylogeography of N.tessellata with a focus on the Central Asian clade with 4 and the Anatolia clade with 3 mitochondrial lineages,trace their origin,and correlate the environmental changes that affected their distribution through time.The expected time of divergence of both clades began at 3.7 Mya in the Pliocene,reaching lineage differentiation approximately 1 million years later.The genetic diversity in both clades is rich,suggesting different ancestral areas,glacial refugia,demographic changes,and colonization routes.The Caspian lineage is the most widespread lineage in Central Asia,distributed around the Caspian Sea and reaching the foothills of the Hindu Kush Mountains in Afghanistan,and Eastern European lowlands in the west.Its distribution is limited by deserts,moun-tains,and cold steppe environments.Similarly,Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan lineages followed the Amu Darya and the Syr Darya water systems in Central Asia,with ranges delimited by the large Kyzylkum and Karakum deserts.On the western side,there are several lineages within the Anatolia clade that converged in the central part of the peninsula with 2 being endemic to Western Asia.The distribution of both main clades was affected by expansion from their Pleistocene glacial refugia around the Caspian Sea and in the valleys of Central Asia as well as by environmental changes,mostly through aridification.

关键词： biogeography colonization Eurasia genetic diversity mitochondrial DNA Paratethys refugia water snakes.

Variation in adult stress resistance does not explain vulnerability to climate change in copper butterflies

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Insect Science 2018年第5期25卷 894-904页

作者： Michael Klockmann Leonard Wallmeyer Klaus Fischer zoological Institute and museum University of Greifswald Greifswald Germany

Ongoing climate change is a major threat to biodiversity. However, although many species clearly suffer from ongoing climate change, others benefit from it, for exam- ple, by showing range expansions. However, which specific features determine a species＇ vulnerability to climate change？ Phenotypic plasticity, which has been described as the first line of defence against environmental change, may be of utmost importance here. Against this background, we here compare plasticity in stress tolerance in 3 copper butter- fly species, which differ arguably in their vulnerability to climate change. Specifically, we investigated heat, cold and desiccation resistance after acclimatization to different temper- atures in the adult stage. We demonstrate that acclimation at a higher temperature increased heat but decreased cold tolerance and desiccation resistance. Contrary to our predictions, species did not show pronounced variation in stress resistance, though plastic capacities in temperature stress resistance did vary across species. Overall, our results seemed to reflect population--rather than species-specific patterns. We conclude that the geographical ori- gin of the populations used should be considered even in comparative studies. However, our results suggest that, in the 3 species studied here, vulnerability to climate change is not in the first place determined by stress resistance in the adult stage. As entomological studies focus all too often on adults only, we argue that more research effort should be dedicated to other developmental stages when trying to understand insect responses to environmental change.

关键词： cold resistance environmental stress global warming heat resistance Ly-caena species plasticity

Nutritional stress reduces flight performance and exploratory behavior in a butterfly

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Insect Science 2019年第5期26卷 897-910页

作者： Elisabeth Reim Danny Eichhorn Jan D.Roy Philip O.M.Steinhoff Klaus Fischer zoological Institute and museum Greifswald UniversityGreifswaldGermany

Anthropogenic global change, including agricultural intensification and climate change, poses a substantial challenge to many herbivores due to a reduced availability of feeding resources. The concomitant food stress is expected to detrimentally affect performance, amongst others in dispersal-related traits. Thus, while dispersal is of utmost importance to escape from deteriorating habitat conditions, such conditions may negatively feedback on the ability to do so. Therefore, we here investigate the impact of larval and adult food stress on traits related to dispersal ability, including morphology, physiology, flight performance, and exploratory behavior, in a butterfly. We show that inadequate nutrition during development and in the adult stage dim inishes flight performance, despite som e reallocation of somatic resources. Detrimental effects of food stress on flight performance were mainly caused by reductions in body mass and storage reserves. Similar results were found for exploratory behavior. Furthermore, exploratory behavior was found to be (moderately) repeatable at the individual level, which might indicate the existence of a personality trait. This notion is further supported by the fact that flight performance and exploratory behavior were positively correlated, potentially suggesting the existence of a dispersal syndrome. In summary, our findings may have important implications for dispersal in natural environments, as the conditions requiring dispersal the m ost impair flight ability and thereby likely dispersal rates.

关键词： condition dispersal syndrome flight ability food stress habitat degradation resource allocation

Long-term monitoring data reveal effects of age,population density,and environmental aspects on hatching success of Common Cranes(Grus grus)

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Avian Research 2022年第3期13卷 347-355页

作者： Isabel Barwisch Wolfgang Mewes Angela Schmitz Ornes AG Vogelwarte Zoological Institute and MuseumUniversity of GreifswaldSoldmannstr.23GreifswaldGermany Grüner Weg 3 19395Plau Am SeeOT KarowGermany

Facing climate and land use change,a species’ability to successfully adapt to changing environments is crucial for its survival.Extensive drainage and intensification of agriculture and forestry set wetlands and associated species at risk of population declines.The population of Common Cranes(Grus grus)has experienced considerable fluctuations over the last century.Despite increasing population numbers,hatching success seemed to have decreased over the last years.The aim of this study was to identify factors influencing hatching success and nest survival of Common Cranes based on analyses of long-term individual-based monitoring data from northeastern Germany and evaluate the species ability to adapt to changing environments.Hatching success decreased over the course of the study period from 0.75 to 0.55.Surprisingly,nest survival and hatching success did not vary across different nesting habitats,whereas factors such as female age,timing of nest initiation and breeding pair density were found to have significant effects on hatching success.Older females showed higher hatching success,even though the proportion of unhatched eggs was highest in females aged 20 years or older.Early nest initiation had a positive effect on hatching success.Water levels are more favorable early in the nesting season,whereas increasing evaporation with time causes water levels to decrease,granting easier access for predators.Independently of female age,hatching success decreased with increasing numbers of breeding pairs within a 2-km radius around a nesting site.High population densities intensify competition for resources and promote intraspecific interactions,affecting reproductive outcome negatively.This study gives first insights into mechanisms behind population regulation in Common Cranes,highlighting the importance of population dynamics and individual features.We suggest to further investigate density dependent effects including landscape and habitat features as well as reproductive success in terms of chick survival,since suc

关键词： Adaptation Age Cranes Grus grus Habitat Nest survival Population density Reproduction

Evolution of parthenogenetic reproduction in Caucasian rock lizards:A review

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Current Zoology 2023年第2期69卷 128-135页

作者： Marine Arakelyan Victor Spangenberg Varos Petrosyan Alexey Ryskov Oksana Kolomiets Eduard Galoyan Department of Zoology Yerevan State UniversityYerevanArmenia Vavilov Institute of General Genetics MoscowRussia Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution RAS MoscowRussia Institute of Gene Biology RASMoscowRussia zoological museum of Moscow State University MoscowRussia

Despite numerous works devoted to hybrid origin of parthenogenesis in reptiles,the causes of hybridization between different species,resulting in the origin of parthenogenetic forms,remain uncertain.Recent studies demonstrate that sexual species considered parental to parthenogenetic rock lizards(Darevskia spp.)avoid interspecific mating in the secondary overlap areas.A specific combination of environmental factors during last glaciation period was critical for ectotherms,which led to a change in their distribution and sex ratio.Biased population structure(e.g.,male bias)and limited available distributional range favored the deviation of reproductive behavior when species switched to interspecific mates.To date,at least 7 diploid parthenogenetic species of rock lizards(Darevskia,Lacertidae)originated through interspecific hybridization in the past.The cytogenetic specifics of meiosis,in particular the weak checkpoints of prophase l,may have allowed the formation of hybrid karyotypes in rock lizards.Hybridization and polyploidization are 2 important evolutionary forces in the genus Darevskia.At present,throughout backcrossing between parthenogenetic and parental species,the triploid and tetraploid hybrid individuals appear annually,but no triploid species found among Darevskia spp.on current stage of evolution.The speciation by hybridization with the long-term stage of diploid parthenogenetic species,non-distorted meiosis,together with the high ecological plasticity of Caucasian rock lizards provide us with a new model for considering the pathways and persistence of the evolution of parthenogenesis in vertebrates.

关键词： Caucasus glacial period hybridization reptiles reticulate evolution unisexual

A hatching aphidlion-like lacewing larva in 100 million years old Kachin amber

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Insect Science 2023年第3期30卷 880-886页

作者： Joachim T.Haug Kay Lwin Tun Gideon T.Haug Kyaw Naing Than Carolin Haug Marie K.Hornig Biocenter Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen(LMU Munich)Planegg-MartinsriedGermany GeoBio-Center at LMU MunchenGermany Department of Zoology University of YangonUniversity Avenue RoadYangonMyanmar zoological Institute and museum Cytology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany

Dear Editor,Hatching is a crucial moment in the life of an animal.The animal stops being an embryo protected by the egg and becomes a post-embryonic immature(see Haug,2020 for difficulties in naming these stages).This must have been the case in the past as well,but the fossil record is rather sparse in the preservation of this very moment.The fossil preservation of such a case needs to facilitate not only preservation of the animal,but also of the egg.As these are often of rather different material,making the preservation of both together in many cases unlikely.Yet,there are preservation types that seem to favor such incidents.Amber has become famous for preserving cases of“frozen behaviour",preserving a specific moment in the life of an animal in an almost life-like manner(Arillo,2007),including:copulations,parasite-host interactions,aggregations,group defense,brood care,egg-laying(although likely stress-induced).

关键词： preserving likely protected

A crowd-sourced genomic project to assess hybrid content in a rare avian vagrant(Azure Tit Cyanistes cyanus(Pallas,1770))

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Avian Research 2023年第4期14卷 545-552页

作者： Martin Irestedt Filip Thorn Per G.P.Ericson Hein van Grouw Yaroslav A.Red'kin Alexander Hellquist Frank Johansson Johan A.A.Nylander Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics Swedish Museum of Natural HistoryStockholmSweden Department of Zoology Stockholm University Sweden Bird Group Department of Life SciencesNatural History MuseumTringUnited Kingdom zoological museum Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscowRussia Institute of Biological Problems of Cryolithozone SB RAS YakutskRussia Department of Women's and Children's Health Uppsala UniversitySweden Department of Ecology and Genetics Uppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden

The aim of this study was to correlate plumage variation with the amount of genomic hybrid content in hybrids between Azure Tits Cyanistes cyanus(Pallas,1770)and European Blue Tit Cyanistes caeruleus(Linnaeus,1758),by re-sequencing the genomes of museum specimens of non-hybrids and presumed hybrids with varying plumages.The project was funded by crowdsourcing and initiated when two presumed Azure Tits,observed by hundreds of Swedish birdwatchers,were rejected as hybrids based on minor plumage deviations assumed to indicate hybrid contents from the European Blue Tit.The results confirm that hybrids with intermediate plumages,so called Pleske’s Tits,are first generation hybrids(F1 hybrids).Individuals,whose plumages are similar to Azure Tits,but assessed as hybrids based on minor plumage deviations,are all backcrosses but vary in their degree of hybrid content.However,some individuals morphologically recognized as pure Azure Tits expressed similar degrees of hybrid content.The results indicate that:(1)hybrid content may be widespread in Azure Tits in the western part of its habitat distribution;(2)plumage deviation in backcrosses is not linearly correlated with the genetic degree of hybrid origin;and(3)all Azure Tits observed in Europe outside its natural distribution may have some degree of hybrid origin.We therefore suggest that it is very difficult to phenotypically single out hybrids beyond first generation backcrosses.We argue that decreased sequencing costs and improved analytical tools open the doors for museomic crowd-sourced projects that may not address outstanding biological questions but have a major interest for lay citizens such as birdwatchers.

关键词： Crowdsourcing Cyanistes cyanus Hybridization Museomics

First Record of the Gekkonid Genus Cnemaspis Strauch, 1887 from Gunung Mulu National Park, Northern Sarawak, East Malaysia may Represent an Undescribed Species

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Asian Herpetological Research 2014年第3期5卷 209-212页

作者： André KOCH Sebastian SCHULZ zoological Research museum Alexander Koenig (ZFMK) Leibniz-Institute for terrestrial Biodiversity

We provide confirmed photographic evidence for the previously overlooked occurrence of the polyphyletic Asian gecko genus Cnemaspis from Gunung Mulu National Park, the world-renowned UNESCO natural heritage site in northern Sarawak, East Malaysia. This new record from Sarawak province represents a remarkable range extension for Cnemaspis cf. kendallii by 550 km to the northeast and denotes the most northern occurrence of the genus in Borneo. Our new finding makes it very likely that these gekkonid lizards also inhabit appropriate limestone karst habitats in adjacent Sabah, Brunei, and Kalimantan. Given the visible differences in the Mulu specimen compared to those from the remaining distribution range on Borneo and the Malaysian Peninsula together with the fact that numerous Cnemaspis species are restricted to small areas, it seems plausible that another undescribed, rather cryptic and possibly locally endemic Bornean species is involved. Lastly, the new record contributes to the importance of the Mulu National Park as a major conservation area in East Malaysia of international concerns.

关键词： Southeast Asia Borneo Gekkonidae herpetofaunal diversity new record

Sharing roosts but not ectoparasites:high host-specificity in bat flies and wing mites of Miniopterus schreibersii and Rhinolophus ferrumequinum(Mammalia:Chiroptera)

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Current Zoology 2022年第5期68卷 507-516页

作者： Branka Pejić Ivana Budinski Jaap van Schaik Jelena Blagojević Department of Genetic Research Institute for Biological Research“Siniša Stanković”National Institute of Republic of SerbiaUniversity in Belgrade.Bulevar despota Stefana 142Belgrade 11060Serbia Applied Zoology and Nature Conservation Zoological Institute and MuseumUniversity of GreifswaldLoitzer Strasse 26Greifswald 17489Germany

Schreiber’s bent-winged bat Miniopterus schreibersii and the greater horseshoe bat Rhinolophus ferrumequinum are widespread and common cavernicolous species across southern Europe that host numerous specialized ectoparasite species.The objective of this study was to characterize the species assemblage,genetic diversity,and host specificity of bat flies(Nycteribiidae,Diptera)and wing mites(Spinturnicidae,Acari)found on these bat hosts in Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina.Notably,while bat flies lay puparia on the cave walls and can thus be transmitted indirectly,wing mites require direct body contact for transmission.Morphological identification and sequencing of a 710-bp fragment of cytochrome oxidase I gene of 207 bat flies yielded 4 species,3 on M.schreibersii and 1 on R.ferrumequinum.Sequencing of a 460-bp small subunit ribosomal RNA fragment,in all 190 collected wing mites revealed 2 species,1 per host.In no case was a parasite associated with 1 host found on the other host.Species and genetic diversity of flies were higher in M.schreibersii,likely reflecting their host’s larger colony sizes and migratory potential.Mite species of both hosts showed similarly low diversity,likely due to their faster life history and lower winter survival.Our findings highlight a remarkably high host-specificity and segregation of ectoparasite species despite direct contact among their hosts in the roost,suggesting a defined host preference in the investigated ectoparasite species.Furthermore,the differences in ectoparasite genetic diversity exemplify the interplay between host and parasite life histories in shaping parasite population genetic structure.

关键词： barcoding bats mtDNA Nycteribiidae parasite Spinturnicidae