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Avian influenza and gut microbiome in poultry and humans:A“One Health”perspective

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Fundamental Research 2024年第3期4卷 455-462页

作者： Ling Zhang Erkai Zhou Ce Liu Xiaoyu Tian Baode Xue Kai Zhang Bin Luo Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health School of Public HealthLanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansu 730000China Department of Environmental Health Sciences School of Public HealthUniversity at AlbanyState University of New YorkRensselaerNY 12144USA Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health Shanghai Meteorological BureauShanghai 200030China Shanghai Typhoon Institute China Meteorological AdministrationShanghai 200030China

A gradual increase in avian influenza outbreaks has been found in recent *** is highly possible to trigger the next human pandemic due to the characteristics of antigenic drift and antigenic shift in avian influenza virus(AIV).Although great improvements in understanding influenza viruses and the associated diseases have been unraveled,our knowledge of how these viruses impact the gut microbiome of both poultry and humans,as well as the underlying mechanisms,is still ***“One Health”approach shows better vitality in monitoring and mitigating the risk of avian influenza,which requires a multi-sectoral effort and highlights the interconnection of human health with environmental sustainability and animal ***,monitoring the gut microbiome may serve as a sentinel for protecting the common health of the environment,animals,and *** review summarizes the interactions between AIV infection and the gut microbiome of poultry and humans and their potential *** the presented suggestions,we hope to address the current major challenges in the surveillance and prevention of microbiome-related avian influenza with the“One Health”approach.

关键词： Avian influenza AIV Poultry Gutmicrobiome One Health Poultry-Environment-Human Interface

Changing Characteristics of Comfort Index of Human Body in Bengbu City in the Past 40 Years under the Background of Climate Change

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meteorological and Environmental Research 2024年第2期15卷 40-43页

作者： Lei SHAN Xian ZHANG Lei TIAN Ranran HE Jingyang CHEN Bengbu meteorological bureau Bengbu 233000China Anhui University of Finance and Economics Bengbu 233000China

Based on the daily meteorological data of Bengbu City during 1981-2020,the changing characteristics of three elements needed for the calculation of the comfort index of human body(CIHB)were discussed,and daily CIHB was classified and *** results show that from 1981 to 2020,annual average temperature tended to increase *** average wind speed and relative humidity showed a decreasing trend before 2011 but an increasing trend after *** duration of the four seasons in Bengbu City mainly rose in spring,reduced in winter,declined first and then increased in summer,and rose first and then decreased in *** CIHB was at grades 1 and 9(the most uncomfortable),the three factors had different effects on *** cold weather,the influence of relative humidity and wind speed on CIHB can not be ignored besides *** hot weather,the influence of temperature was dominant,and the change of annual average temperature could well correspond to the change in the number of very hot *** the context of climate warming,the number of cold days tended to decline generally,but it was larger in the years with fewer very cold *** the background of climate warming,there was no obvious change in the number of days of the overall comfort of human *** number of hot days was closely related to the duration of summer,and the number of days of grade 8 rose significantly in the years with an increase in the duration of summer.

关键词： Climate change Human comfort Comfort index of human body(CIHB)

Analysis of Dry-Wet Climate Change Characteristics and Main Influencing Factors in Main Grain Producing Area of Tibet from 1980 to 2021

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Agricultural Biotechnology 2024年第2期13卷 43-49,63页

作者： Sangbu ZHUJIE Cunjie ZHANG Puchi ZHAXI Deji BAIMA Lamu NIMA Ciwang PINGCUO Nanmulin meteorological bureau of Tibet Autonomous Region Shigatse 857000China National Climate Center Beijing 100089China Shigatse Agricultural Science Research and Promotion Center Shigatse 857000China Dingri County meteorological bureau of Tibet Autonomous Region Shigatse 857000China

Based on the daily meteorological observation data of seven meteorological stations in southern Tibet from 1980 to 2021 (April-October), the temporal and spatial variation characteristics and influencing factors of aridity index ( AI ) in the growing season of major grain producing areas in Tibet were studied by using climate tendency rate, Mann-Kendal test, Morlet wavelet analysis, GIS hybrid interpolation method, Pearson correlation coefficient, contribution rate analysis and other methods. The results showed that the average AI in the main grain producing areas of Tibet was 1.7, which belonged to the semi-arid area, and the overall trend was decreasing (humidifying) (-0.036/10 a). The linear decreasing trend was different in different regions, and the area around Lhatse County was the most significant (-0.26/10 a). AI had no obvious abrupt change, and had long- and medium-term fluctuation characteristics of 24 years, 6 years. The spatial distribution was uneven, and had the characteristics of ‘shrinking arid area and expanding humid area . The contribution rates of the main climate influencing factors of AI varied in different regions. In general, the contribution rates after quantification was as follows: precipitation (34.9%)>relative humidity (28.4%)>sunshine (19.9%)>maximum temperature (12.4%).

关键词： Tibet Main production area Climate Aridity Contribution rate

Correlation Analysis between Well-cellar Early Transplanting of Robust Seedlings and Diseases in Shiyan Tobacco-growing Area

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Plant Diseases and Pests 2024年第4期15卷 21-24,36页

作者： Dingjun WANG Aihua LI Liguang CHAI Dan LIU Yixia LIU Minggang LI Jingyang PENG Hubei Tobacco Company Shiya Company Shiyan 442012China Shiyan meteorological bureau Shiyan 442012China

[Objectives]The paper was to investigate the relationship between the well-cellar early transplanting of robust seedlings and the prevalence of diseases in the Shiyan tobacco-growing area.[Methods]The relationship between disease occurrence and meteorological factors during the field growth period was examined by analyzing the prevalence of flue-cured tobacco virus diseases,brown spot,and total disease in the Shiyan tobacco-growing area before(2013-2017)and after(2018-2022)the well-cellar early transplanting of robust tobacco seedlings.[Results]The implementation of a well-cellar early transplanting technique of robust seedlings resulted in a reduction in the average incidence of tobacco virus disease,brown spot,and total disease by 0.83%,8.85%,and 7.91%,respectively,in comparison to the incidence observed prior to early *** findings suggest that early transplanting can significantly reduce the incidence of flue-cured tobacco *** to the well-cellar early transplanting of robust tobacco seedlings,there was a significant(including highly significant)positive correlation between the incidence of brown spot and total disease and precipitation in August and *** incidence of brown spot and total disease in tobacco plants was found to be significantly positively correlated with May precipitation and significantly negatively correlated with May sunshine hours following the well-cellar early transplanting of robust *** advancement of the transplanting period by 20 d resulted in a reduction in the growing period of tobacco plants in the field under autumn rains(late August to November)in western *** effectively circumvented the suitable conditions for disease occurrence and can reduce the incidence of disease.[Conclusions]This study offers a framework for enhancing the quality and efficiency of flue-cured tobacco production in the northwest tobacco-growing area of Hubei.

关键词： Tobacco disease Well-cellar early transplanting of robust seedlings meteorological factor Correlation analysis Shiyan tobacco-growing area

Analysis on influencing factors of detecting chemical oxygen demand in water by three-dimensional spectroscopy

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Optoelectronics Letters 2024年第1期20卷 42-47页

作者： ZHOU Kunpeng LIU Zhiyang CONG Menglong MAN Shanxin Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Joint Laboratory of Nuclear and Radiation Detection College of Physics and Electronic InformationInner Mongolia Minzu UniversityTongliao 028000China College of Information Engineering Jingzhou UniversityJingzhou 434000China Alxa League meteorological bureau Alxa 750300China

This paper focuses on the standard chemical oxygen demand(COD)liquid and studies the impact of pH,nitrite nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,heavy metals,salinity,and other factors on fluorescence intensity and fluorescence peak positions during the detection of COD in water using fluorescence *** influence mechanisms of different environmental factors on fluorescence spectra are also *** indicate that pH value affects the fluorescence emission wavelength(Em),resulting in a red shift from 1.5 to 7.2,and a blue shift from 7.2 to *** nitrogen can react with organic matter in water to form nitro compounds,leading to a decrease in fluorescence *** has a negligible effect on T1 peak but a relatively large effect on T2 *** metal ion concentration has a significant impact on T2 peak,while T1 peak position shifts with an increase in heavy metal *** study aims to explore the factors that can impact the detection of COD in water using three-dimensional fluorescence spectrometry,providing references to improve accuracy and practicability for COD detection based on three-dimensional fluorescence spectrometry.

关键词： chemical negligible nitrate

Flood Forecasting Experiment Based on EC and WRF in the Bailian River Basin

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meteorological and Environmental Research 2024年第3期15卷 53-59页

作者： Zhiyuan YIN Fang YANG Xiaohua LI China meteorological Administration Basin Heavy Rainfall Key Laboratory/Hubei Key Laboratory for Heavy Rain Monitoring and Warning Research Institute of Heavy RainChina Meteorological AdministrationWuhan 430205China Huanggang meteorological bureau of Hubei Province Huanggang 438020China Hubei Province meteorological Information and Support Centre Wuhan 430074China

In order to extend the forecasting period of flood and improve the accuracy of flood forecasting,this paper took Bailian River Reservoir which located in Huanggang City of Hubei Province as an example and carried out basin flood simulation and forecasting by coupling the quantitative precipitation forecasting products of numerical forecast operation model of Institute of Heavy Rain in Wuhan(WRF)and the European Center for Medium-range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF)with the three water sources Xin an River *** experimental results showed that the spatiotemporal distribution of rainfall predicted by EC is closer to the actual situation compared to WRF;the efficiency coefficient and peak time difference of EC used for flood forecasting are comparable to WRF,but the average relative error of flood peaks is about 14%smaller than ***,the precipitation forecasting products of the two numerical models can be used for flood forecasting in the Bailian River *** forecasting indicators have certain reference value,and there is still significant room for improvement in the forecasting effects of the two models.

关键词： Hydrometeor EC WRF Xin an River model Bailian River

The Observed Near-Surface Energy Exchange Processes over Arctic Glacier in Summer

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Journal of meteorological Research 2024年第3期38卷 600-607页

作者： Libo ZHOU Jinhuan ZHU Linlin KONG Peng LI Shupo MA Fei LI Han ZOU Meigen ZHANG Irina REPINA Department of Lower Atmospheric Observation and Research Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100029China State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100029China Department of Weather Forecast Aviation Meteorological Centre of Air Traffic Management BureauCivil Aviation Administration of ChinaBeijing100015China A.M.Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics Russian Academy of Sciences(RAS)Moscow119017Russian Federation

Under Arctic warming,near-surface energy transfers have significantly changed,but few studies have focused on energy exchange over Arctic glacier due to limitations in available *** this study,the atmospheric energy exchange processes over the Arctic glacier surface were analyzed by using observational data obtained in summer 2019 in comparison with those over the Arctic tundra *** energy budget over the glacier greatly differed from that over the tundra,characterized by less net shortwave radiation and downward sensible heat flux,due to the high albedo and icy *** of the incoming solar radiation was injected into the glacier in summer,leading to snow ice *** the observation period,strong daily variations in near-surface heat transfer occurred over the Arctic glacier,with the maximum downward and upward heat fluxes occurring on 2 and 6 July 2019,*** analyses suggested that the maximum downward heat flux is mainly caused by the strong local thermal contrast above the glacier surface,while the maximum upward heat transfer cannot be explained by the classical turbulent heat transfer theory,possibly caused by countergradient heat *** results indicated that the near-surface energy exchange processes over Arctic glacier may be strongly related to local forcings,but a more in-depth investigation will be needed in the future when more observational data become available.

关键词： Arctic glacier tundra energy exchange processes

Non-crossing Quantile Regression Neural Network as a Calibration Tool for Ensemble Weather Forecasts

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第7期41卷 1417-1437页

作者： Mengmeng SONG Dazhi YANG Sebastian LERCH Xiang'ao XIA Gokhan Mert YAGLI Jamie M.BRIGHT Yanbo SHEN Bai LIU Xingli LIU Martin Janos MAYER School of Electrical Engineering and Automation Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150001China Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies Schloss-Wolfsbrunnenweg 3569118HeidelbergGermany Chair of Statistical Methods and Econometrics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)Bluecherstr.1776185KarlsruheGermany Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100029China Solar Energy Research Institute of Singapore(SERIS) National University of Singapore(NUS)Singapore117574Singapore UK Power Networks LondonSE61NPUK China meteorological Administration Beijing100081China Heilongjiang meteorological bureau Harbin150001China Department of Energy Engineering Faculty of Mechanical EngineeringBudapest University of Technology and EconomicsMűegyetem rkp.3H-1111BudapestHungary

Despite the maturity of ensemble numerical weather prediction(NWP),the resulting forecasts are still,more often than not,*** such,forecast calibration tools have become *** those tools,quantile regression(QR)is highly competitive in terms of both flexibility and predictive ***,a long-standing problem of QR is quantile crossing,which greatly limits the interpretability of QR-calibrated *** this point,this study proposes a non-crossing quantile regression neural network(NCQRNN),for calibrating ensemble NWP forecasts into a set of reliable quantile forecasts without *** overarching design principle of NCQRNN is to add on top of the conventional QRNN structure another hidden layer,which imposes a non-decreasing mapping between the combined output from nodes of the last hidden layer to the nodes of the output layer,through a triangular weight matrix with positive *** empirical part of the work considers a solar irradiance case study,in which four years of ensemble irradiance forecasts at seven locations,issued by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts,are calibrated via NCQRNN,as well as via an eclectic mix of benchmarking models,ranging from the naïve climatology to the state-of-the-art deep-learning and other non-crossing *** and stringent forecast verification suggests that the forecasts post-processed via NCQRNN attain the maximum sharpness subject to calibration,amongst all ***,the proposed conception to resolve quantile crossing is remarkably simple yet general,and thus has broad applicability as it can be integrated with many shallow-and deep-learning-based neural networks.

关键词： ensemble weather forecasting forecast calibration non-crossing quantile regression neural network CORP reliability diagram post-processing

Understanding Simulated Causes of Damaging Surface Winds in a Derecho-Producing Mesoscale Convective System near the East China Coast Based on Convection-Permitting Simulations

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第11期41卷 2112-2130页

作者： Liping LUO Ming XUE Xin XU Lijuan LI Qiang ZHANG Ziqi FAN College of Civil Aviation Nanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing 211106China State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Key Laboratory of Mesoscale Severe Weather/Ministry of Education and School of Atmospheric Sciences Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Center for Analysis and Prediction of Storms and School of Meteorology University of OklahomaNormanOklahoma 73072USA Civil Aviation North China Air Traffic Management bureau meteorological Center Beijing 100621China

A mesoscale convective system(MCS) occurred over the East China coastal provinces and the East China Sea on 30April 2021, producing damaging surface winds near the coastal city Nantong with observed speeds reaching 45 m s^(–1). A simulation using the Weather Research and Forecasting model with a 1.5-km grid spacing generally reproduces the development and subsequent organization of this convective system into an MCS, with an eastward protruding bow segment over the sea. In the simulation, an east-west-oriented high wind swath is generated behind the gust front of the MCS. Descending dry rear-to-front inflows behind the bow and trailing gust front are found to feed the downdrafts in the main precipitation regions. The inflows help to establish spreading cold outflows and enhance the downdrafts through evaporative cooling. Meanwhile, front-to-rear inflows from the south are present, associated with severely rearward-tilted updrafts initially forming over the gust front. Such inflows descend behind(north of) the gust front, significantly enhancing downdrafts and near-surface winds within the cold pool. Consistently, calculated trajectories show that these parcels that contribute to the derecho originate primarily from the region ahead(south) of the east-west-oriented gust front, and dry southwesterly flows in the low-to-middle levels contribute to strong downdrafts within the MCS. Moreover, momentum budget analyses reveal that a large westward-directed horizontal pressure gradient force within the simulated cold pool produced rapid flow acceleration towards Nantong. The analyses enrich the understanding of damaging wind characteristics over coastal East China and will prove helpful to operational forecasters.

关键词： damaging surface winds convection-permitting simulations mesoscale convective system gust front cold pool