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ANALYSIS OF A TORNADO-LIKE SEVERE STORM IN THE OUTER REGION OF THE 2007 SUPER TYPHOON SEPAT

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Journal of Tropical Meteorology 2011年第2期17卷 175-180页

作者：郑峰陈联寿钟建锋 Chinese Academy of meteorological Sciences Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Wenzhou meteorological bureau

When super typhoon Sepat came close to the Fujian coastline on the night of 18 August 2007 (coded as 0709 in Chinese convention), an associated tornado-like severe storm developed at 2307–2320 Beijing Standard Time in Longgang, Cangnan County, Wenzhou Prefecture, Zhejiang Province approximately 300 km away in the forward direction of the typhoon. The storm caused heavy losses in lives and property. Studying the background of the formation of the storm, this paper identifies some of its typical characteristics after analyzing its retrieval of Doppler radar data, vertical wind shear and so on. Synoptic conditions, such as unstable weather processes and TBB, are also studied.

关键词： tornado-like severe storms radar characteristics observation

OBSERVATION AND ANALYSIS OF SEA SURFACE WIND OVER THE QIONGZHOU STRAIT

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Journal of Tropical Meteorology 2010年第4期16卷 402-408页

作者：许向春辛吉武梁国锋邢绪煌陈有龙谢寒生 Hainan Institute of meteorological Science Yangjiang meteorological bureau Guangdong Province Hainan Climate Center Hainan meteorological Observatory Hainan meteorological Information Center

The spatial variation and diurnal fluctuation of sea surface wind over the Qiongzhou Strait were described using verified datasets from automatic weather stations on board a ferry, buoys, and on the coast. Results are as follows：（1） On average, sea surface wind speed is 34 m/s larger over the Qiongzhou Strait than in the coastal area. Sea surface wind speeds of 8.0 rrds or above （on Beaufort scale five） in the coastal area are associated with speeds 5-6 m/s greater over the surface of the Qiongzhou Strait. （2） Gust coefficients for the Qiongzhou Strait decrease along with increasing wind speeds. When coastal wind speed is less than scale five, the average gust coefficient over the sea surface is between 1.4 and 1.5; when wind speed is equal to scale five or above, the average gust coefficient is about 1.35. （3） In autumn and winter, the diurnal differences of average wind speed and wind consistency over the strait are less than those in the coastal area; when wind speed is 10.8 m/s （scale six） or above, the diurnal difference of average wind speed decreases while wind consistency increases for both the strait and the coast.

关键词： Qiongzhou Strait sea surface wind observational analysis statistical characteristics

Simulation of FY-2D infrared brightness temperature and sensitivity analysis to the errors of WRF simulated cloud variables

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Science China Earth Sciences 2018年第7期61卷 957-972页

作者： Xiaokang SHI Yaodong LI Jianwen LIU Xizi XIANG Le LIU Beijing Aviation meteorological Institute Beijing 100085China Guizhou Sub-bureau of Southwest Air Traffic Management bureau of Civil Aviation of China Guiyang 550002China Guangxi meteorological Observatory Nanning 530022China

This study simulated FY-2 D satellite infrared brightness images based on the WRF and RTTOV models. The effects of prediction errors in WRF micro-and macroscale cloud variables on FY-2 D infrared brightness temperature accuracy were analyzed. The principle findings were as follows. In the T+0–48 h simulation time, the root mean square errors of the simulated brightness temperatures were within the range 10–27 K, i.e., better than the range of 20–40 K achieved previously. In the T+0–24 h simulation time, the correlation coefficients between the simulated and measured brightness temperatures for all four channels were >0.5. The simulation performance of water channel IR3 was stable and the best. The four types of cloud microphysical scheme considered all showed that the simulated values of brightness temperature in clouds were too high and that the distributions of cloud systems were incomplete, especially in typhoon areas. The performance of the THOM scheme was considered best, followed in descending order by the WSM6, WDM6, and LIN schemes. Compared with observed values, the maximum deviation appeared in the range 253–273 K for all schemes. On the microscale, the snow water mixing ratio of the THOM scheme was much bigger than that of the other schemes. Improving the production efficiency or increasing the availability of solid water in the cloud microphysical scheme would provide slight benefit for brightness temperature simulations. On the macroscale, the cloud amount obtained by the scheme used in this study was small. Improving the diagnostic scheme for cloud amount, especially high-level cloud, could improve the accuracy of brightness temperature simulations. These results could provide an intuitive reference for forecasters and constitute technical support for the creation of simulated brightness temperature images for the FY-4 satellite.

关键词： FY-2D RTTOV WRF Simulated brightness temperature Cloud amount Cloud microphysics scheme TyphoonMatmo

EFFECTS OF SST, VWS, AND DCC UPON RAPID INTENSIFICATION OF OFF-SHORE TYPHOONS IN CHINA SEAS

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Journal of Tropical Meteorology 2019年第1期25卷 11-23页

作者： ZHENG Feng YUE Cai-jun CHEN Pei-yan ZENG Zhi-hua LEI Xiao-tu CHEN Lian-shou ZHANG Ling-jie Wenzhou meteorological bureau Joint Laboratory of Shanghai Typhoon Institute & Wenzhou meteorological bureau Academician Workstation of Wenzhou meteorological Observatory Shanghai Ecological Forecasting and Remote Sensing Center Shanghai Typhoon Institute of CMA China Academy of meteorological Sciences

In this study, we employed National Centers for Environmental Prediction(NCEP)/National Center for Atmospheric Research(NCAR) reanalysis data and records from the China meteorological Administration(CMA)Yearbook of Tropical Cyclones to investigate three factors: sea-surface temperature(SST), vertical wind shear(VWS),and the density of the core convection(DCC), which are responsible for the rapid intensification(RI) of 1949-2013 offshore typhoons. Our analysis results of these composite factors show that in the environmental wind field the typhoons are far away from the outer strong VWS; in the SST field they are in the high SST area; and the core convective activity is robust and takes a bimodal pattern. The difference in RI between typhoons over the East China Sea(ECS) and the South China Sea(SCS) is a smaller VWS for the ECS typhoons, which may be one of the reasons why typhoons in the ECS are more intense than those in the SCS. Our study results indicate that SST, VWS, and DCC can result in an RI after a certain time interval of 36 h, 24 h to 30 h, and 24 h, respectively. The RI indicates a lag in the atmospheric response to oceanic conditions. This lag characteristic makes it possible to predict RI events. In summary, where the SST is high(≥28 ℃), the VWS is small, and the DCC is high, an RI will occur. Where mid-range SSTs occur(26 ℃≤SST≤28 ℃), with small VWS, and high DCC, the RI of typhoons is also likely to occur.

关键词： rapid intensification offshore typhoon composite analysis density of the core convection

Changed Relationships Between the East Asian Summer Monsoon Circulations and the Summer Rainfall in Eastern China

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Journal of meteorological Research 2014年第6期28卷 1075-1084页

作者：高辉蒋薇李维京 National Climate Center China Meteorological Administration Jiangsu Climate Center Jiangsu Meteorological Bureau

In previous statistical forecast models,prediction of summer precipitation along the Yangtze River valley and in North China relies heavily on its close relationships with the western Pacific subtropical high（WPSH）,the blocking high in higher latitudes,and the East Asian summer monsoon（EASM）.These relationships were stable before the 1990 s but have changed remarkably in the recent two *** the 1990 s,precipitation along the Yangtze River had a significant positive correlation with the intensity of the WPSH,but the correlation weakened rapidly after 1990,and the correlation between summer rainfall in North China and the WPSH also changed from weak negative to significantly *** changed relationships present a big challenge to the application of traditional statistical seasonal prediction *** study indicates that the change could be attributed to expansion of the WPSH after around *** to global warming,increased sea surface temperatures in the western Pacific rendered the WPSH stronger and further *** this condition,more moisture was transported from southern to northern China,leading to divergence and reduced（increased） rainfall over the Yangtze River（North China）.On the other hand,when the WPSH was weaker,it stayed close to its climatological position（rather than more eastward）,and the circulations showed an asymmetrical feature between the stronger and weaker WPSH cases owing to the decadal enhancement of the *** analysis reveals that the maximum difference in the moisture transport before and after 1990 appeared over the western *** asymmetric influence is possibly the reason why the previous relationships between monsoon circulations and summer rainfall have now changed.

关键词： western Pacific subtropical high blocking high East Asian summer monsoon precipitation

ANALYSIS OF A STRONG MESOSCALE ENERGY FRONT CAUSING AN EXCEPTIONAL RAINSTORM

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Acta meteorologica Sinica 2004年第4期18卷 479-490页

作者：濮梅娟沈树勤曾明剑吴海英 Nanjing Institute of Meteorology Jiangsu Provincial meteorological bureau meteorological bureau of Jiangsu Province

Under the outer-region effect of Typhoon Prapiroon (No.0012),an exceptional rainstorm occurred in northeastern Jiangsu Province from 0200 BT (Beijing Time) 30 August to 0800 BT 31 August 2000,which is an event of noticeable locality,abruptness,high intensity,a new record of rainfall measurement in history and very heavy damage caused,leading to the 24 h rainfall of 801.6 mm in County Xiangshui as the center of the rainstorm in the second quadrant of the outer region of the typhoon,i.e.,the northeastern Jiangsu Province,where a meso-β energy frontal zone is available at surface,serving as a weather system for generating and maintaining the exceptional *** function used in diagnosing the production and development of the frontal zone displays different effects as follows:the deformation term plays a decisive role,the convergence term makes substantial contribution,but diabatic heating has some effect in the initial stage but less on the *** study of a two-dimensional mesoscale equation shows that the driving around the frontal zone causes a vortex,whose ascending leg transports upwards warm and moist air from the high-energy area to such a level as to make it into cloud for precipitation and whose descending branch is liable for quick falling of raindrops and drawing cold air down onto surface for temperature drop there,allowing the frontal zone to be maintained and intensified,thus making rainfall intensity increased *** research indicates that when such a frontal zone is established the interactions among the convergent line,mesolow, mesohigh and driving-generated disturbance vortex in the neighborhood of the frontal zone are finally for the occurrence of the exceptional rainstorm.

关键词： typhoon meso-β scale energy front rainstorm

Correlation Between Total Lightning Activity and Precipitation Particle Characteristics Observed from 34 Thunderstorms

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Acta meteorologica Sinica 2010年第6期24卷 776-788页

作者：郑栋孟青张义军戴建华钟敏 Laboratory of Lightning Physics and Protection Engineering Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Shanghai meteorological Center Hubei Provincial meteorological bureau

A total of 34 thunderstorms around Shanghai and Wuhan of China are analyzed in order to determine the relationship between total lightning activity and precipitation particle *** particle concentration data are obtained from the 2A12 product of TRMM/TMI（Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission/TRMM Microwave Image） and lightning activity data are from the TRMM/LIS（Lightning Imaging Sensor） and SAFIR3000（Surveillance et Alerte Founder par Interferometric Radioelectirque）.On a spatial scale of 0.1°×0.1°,a weak spatial relationship is found between total lightning and the vertically integrated content（VIC） of precipitation particles（cloud water,precipitation water,cloud ice,and precipitation ice）. A strong power relationship is identified between the lightning density（D_（30）;fl km^（-2） min^（-1））,relative to a rainfall intensity threshold value of 30 mm h^（-1）,and the maximum rainfall intensity（R_（max）;mm h^（-1））;the obtained regression equation is R_（max） = 23.10D_（30）^（0.18）＋ 11,with a correlation coefficient of *** frequency shows a significant linear correlation with the contents and covering areas of precipitation particles （in which the VICs exceed threshold values）.Furthermore,ice particles above the -10℃level exhibit a stronger correlation with lightning activity than those above the 0℃level or the integrated ice particles at all *** results demonstrate that the particles responsible for the most significant charging process and lightning activity are restricted by the threshold value of VIC among the particles,which reflects the demand of the charging process on dynamic *** obtained fitting equations can provide useful reference for assimilating lightning information into numerical prediction models so as to improve the reliability of forecast *** particle products from the prediction models are also helpful in estimating the occurrence of lightning activity within 2-6-h periods.

关键词： lightning activity precipitation particles correlation TRMM

MULTIPLE TIME SCALE ANALYSIS OF CLIMATE VARIATION IN MACAU DURING THE LAST 100 YEARS

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Journal of Tropical Meteorology 2012年第1期18卷 21-31页

作者：冯瑞权吴池胜王婷何夏江王安宇刘吉梁必骐梁嘉静 Macau Geophysical and meteorological bureau Department of Atmospheric Sciences Sun Yat-Sen University Guangdong meteorological bureau Pearl River Hydraulics Research Institute

The multiple time scale climate changes are studied and calculated with statistical analysis and wavelet transformation on the basis of daily series of observed data over the period 1901-2007 in *** result shows that statistically significant oscillations with 2 to 5 years of period generally exist in the series of climate variables(*** mean surface air temperature and precipitation as well as evaporation etc.),but with obvious locality in time *** variation of annual mean surface air temperature has a quasi 60-year *** phases of the 60-year variation approximately and consistently match that of Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation(AMO).The oscillations of seasonal mean surface air temperature in summer and winter have the periods of quasi 30-year and quasi 60-year,*** two periods of oscillations have statistically significant correlation with Pacific decadal oscillation(PDO) and AMO,*** multidecadal variations of the precipitation of the annually first flood period and annual evaporation are dominated by periods of quasi 30-year and quasi 50-year,respectively.

关键词： climate change in Macau wavelet transformation multiple time scales

Seasonality of Interannual Inter-hemispheric Oscillations over the Past Five Decades

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2010年第5期27卷 1043-1050页

作者：管兆勇卢楚翰梅士龙丛菁 Key Laboratory of meteorological Disaster of Ministry of Education College of Atmospheric Sciences Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing 210044 Weather Service Division of Jiaxing meteorological bureau Jiaxing 314000 Dalian Municipal meteorological bureau Dalian 116001

Air mass is inter-hemispherically redistributed, leading to an interesting phenomenon known as the Inter-Hemispheric Oscillation （IHO）. In the present article, the seasonality of the interannual IHO has been examined by employing monthly mean reanalyses from NCEP/NCAR, EAR40, and JRA25 for the period of 1958–2006. It is found that the IHO indices as calculated from different reanalyses are generally consistent with each other. A distinct seesaw structure in all four seasons between the northern and southern hemispheres is observed as the IHO signature in both the surface air pressure anomalies （SAPAs） and the leading EOF component of the anomalous zonal mean quantities. When the SAPAs are positive （negative） in the northern hemisphere, they are negative （positive） in the southern hemisphere. Large values of SAPAs are usually observed in mid- and high-latitude areas in all but the solstice seasons. In boreal summer and winter, relatively stronger perturbations of IHO-related SAPA are found in the Asian monsoon region, which shows a large difference from the status in boreal spring and fall. This suggests that seasonal mean monsoon activity is globally linked via air mass redistribution globally on interannual timescales, showing a very interesting linkage between monsoons and the IHO in the global domain. In all seasons, large values of SAPA always exist over the Antarctic and the surrounding regions, implying a close relation with Antarctic oscillations.

关键词： inter-hemispheric oscillation seasonality interannual variability surface air pressure anomaly