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Effects of spray adjuvants and operation modes on droplet deposition and elm aphid control using an unmanned aerial vehicle

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2023年第2期16卷 1-9页

作者： Zechen Dou Zhihao Fang Xiaoqiang Han Muhammad Zeeshan Yapeng Liu Yubin Lan college of Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resources Utilization Shihezi UniversityShihezi 832003XinjiangChina college of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science Shandong University of TechnologyZibo 255049ShandongChina Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Agricultural Aviation Intelligent Equipment Zibo 255049ShandongChina college of Electronics Engineering(college of Artificial Intelligence) South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou 510642China

A conventional spraying mode and a fully autonomous fruit tree operation mode using a model DJ T30 unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)were used to control aphids control on elm trees and to clarify the distribution of droplets in elm trees sprayed by a UAV.The effects of six aviation spray adjuvants on elm canopy droplet deposition and aphid control were evaluated.ImageJ software was used to analyze and measure the droplet density and deposition of water sensitive paper in two modes;this was done to calculate the droplet uniformity,depositional penetration,and droplet penetration,and to verify the aphid control effect.The results showed that the droplet density increased by 79.7%-100.7% in the upper canopy and 0-394.1%in the lower canopy without adjuvants in the fully autonomous fruit tree operation mode.The upper canopy deposits increased by 65.7%-179.3%,and the lower canopy increased by 0-152.8%.When adjuvants were added,the droplet density in the upper canopy increased by 49.7-56.1%using Jiexiaofeng(JXF),and the lower canopy increased by 138.2%-177.8% using JXF,45.8%-141.3%using Beidatong(BDT),45.5%-92.9% using Gongbei(GB),0-93.5% using Maisi(MS),and 0-95.2%using Manniu(MN).The deposits of the upper canopy increased by 888.1-1154.2% using JXF,0-1298.3% using MN,0-343.9%using BDT,0-422.5% using GB,0-580.3% using MS.The lower canopy increased by 746.4%-1426.0%using JXF,226.2%-231.0% using BDT,435.8%-644.0% using GB,255.0%-322.4%using MS,and 249.3%-360.0%using MN.When JXF was added,the droplet uniformity,droplet penetration and depositional penetration were better than when using other adjuvants.The effects of JXF,BDT and GB in controlling aphids was significantly better than other adjuvants(p<0.05).The following control effects were observed;94.1% with JXF,93.1% with BDT,and 93.3% with GB after 3 d of application,and 97.9% with JXF,95.6% with BDT,and 97.1% with GB after 7 d of application.At the same time,the application of the fully autonomous fruit tree operation mode and JXF can effectively improve the density and d

关键词： adjuvants UAV operation mode droplet deposition aphid

Interferon-gamma inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase^(bright)cancer stem cells in the 4T1 mouse model of breast cancer

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Chinese Medical Journal 2022年第2期135卷 194-204页

作者： Xiufen Zhuang Guilan Shi Xiao Hu Huiru Wang Wen Sun Yanhong Wu Department of Oncology Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiangJiangsu 212000China Department of Immunology Zibo Vocational Institute Health SchoolZiboShandong 255000China Department of Medical Engineering Morsani College of MedicineTampaFL 33612USA Department of Oncology Suqian First HospitalSuqianJiangsu 223800China Department of Blood Transfusion The First Affiliated Hospital of USTCHefeiAnhui 230001China Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology School of Basic Medical SciencesWannan Medical CollegeWuhuAnhui 241002China.

Background:Despite improvements in disease diagnosis,treatment,and prognosis,breast cancer is still a leading cause of cancer death for women.Compelling evidence suggests that targeting cancer stem cells(CSCs)have a crucial impact on overcoming the current shortcomings of chemotherapy and radiotherapy.In the present study,we aimed to study the effects of T cells and a critical anti-tumor cytokine,interferon-gamma(IFN-γ),on breast cancer stem cells.Methods:BALB/c mice and BALB/c nude mice were subcutaneously injected with 4T1 tumor cells.Tumor growth and pulmonary metastasis were assessed.ALDEFLOUR™assays were performed to identify aldehyde dehydrogenase^(bright)(ALDH^(br))tumor cells.ALDH^(br)cells as well as T cells from tumor-bearing BALB/c mice were analyzed using flow cytometry.The effects of CD8^(+)T cells on ALDH^(br)tumor cells were assessed in vitro and in vivo.The expression profiles of ALDH^(br)and ALDH^(dim)4T1 tumor cells were determined.The levels of plasma IFN-γwere measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,and their associations with the percentages of ALDH^(br)tumor cells were evaluated.The effects of IFN-γon ALDH expression and the malignancy of 4T1 tumor cells were analyzed in vitro.Results:There were fewer metastatic nodules in tumor-bearing BALB/c mice than those in tumor-bearing BALB/c nude mice(25.40 vs.54.67,P<0.050).CD8^(+)T cells decreased the percentages of ALDH^(br)4T1 tumor cells in vitro(control vs.effector to target ratio of 1:1,10.15%vs.5.76%,P<0.050)and in vivo(control vs.CD8^(+)T cell depletion,10.15%vs.21.75%,P<0.001).The functions of upregulated genes in ALDH^(br)4T1 tumor cells were enriched in the pathway of response to IFN-γ.The levels of plasma IFN-γdecreased gradually in tumor-bearing BALB/c mice,while the percentages of ALDH^(br)tumor cells in primary tumors increased.IFN-γat a concentration of 26.68 ng/mL decreased the percentages of ALDH^(br)4T1 tumor cells(22.88%vs.9.88%,P<0.050)and the protein levels of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A1 in 4T1 tumor cells(0

关键词： Cancer stem cells Aldehyde dehydrogenase Interferon-gamma CD8+T cells

Centimeter‑level‑precision seafloor geodetic positioning model with self‑structured empirical sound speed profile

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Satellite Navigation 2023年第3期4卷 35-53页

作者： Shuqiang Xue Baojin Li Zhen Xiao Yue Sun Jingsen Li Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping Beijing 100830China School of Civil and Architectural Engineering Shandong University of TechnologyZibo 255049China college of Geodesy and Geomatics Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266510China

In-field Sound Speed Profile(SSP)measurement is still indispensable for achieving centimeter-level-precision Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS)-Acoustic(GNSS-A)positioning in current state of the art.However,in-field SSP measurement on the one hand causes a huge cost and on the other hand prevents GNSS-A from global seafloor geodesy especially for real-time applications.We propose an Empirical Sound Speed Profile(ESSP)model with three unknown temperature parameters jointly estimated with the seafloor geodetic station coordinates,which is called the 1st-level optimization.Furthermore,regarding the sound speed variations of ESSP we propose a so-called 2nd-level optimization to achieve the centimeter-level-precision positioning for monitoring the seafloor tectonic movement.Long-term seafloor geodetic data analysis shows that,the proposed two-level optimization approach can achieve almost the same positioning result with that based on the in-field SSP.The influence of substituting the in-field SSP with ESSP on the horizontal coordinates is less than 3 mm,while that on the vertical coordinate is only 2–3 cm in the standard deviation sense.

关键词： GNSS-A Seafloor geodetic positioning Sound speed SSP Inversion

Micro powder injection molding of boron carbide components with SiC-Al_(2)O_(3)-Y_(2)O_(3)sintering additives

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2022年第5期35卷 429-440页

作者： Changrui WANG Zhiyou LI Wei TIAN Yuxian LI Lina TANG Qilong PANG Minghe CHEN National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Helicopter Transmission Nanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing 210016China Ji’nan technician college Jinan 250000China Shanghai Aerospace Equipments Manufacturer Co.Ltd. Shanghai 200245China college of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037China

Sintering additives and micro-powder injection molding offer an effective method to densify boron carbide(B_(4)C)and make B_(4)C components with complex shapes.By adjusting the proportion of three kinds of powders(SiC,Al_(2)O_(3)and Y_(2)O_(3)),four kinds of sintering additives were prepared.The feedstock uniformity,debinding behavior,phase composition and microstructure of micro injection molded B_(4)C components with different sintering additives were studied.The results showed that the defects such as lattice distortion and vacancy were introduced into ball milling,which increase the surface energy and benefit subsequent sintering densification.The feedstock had good uniformity and rheology that met the requirements of micro powder injection molding.After debinding,B_(4)C components had enough strength and showed certain sintering characteristics.The addition of sintering additives was beneficial to densification and sintering temperature reduction.The addition of sintering additives formed a second phase in the B_(4)C crystal and at the grain boundary of B_(4)C crystal,which changed the fracture mode from transgranular fracture to mixed fracture mechanism with transgranular fracture.

关键词： Composite materials Fracture Injection molding Microstructure Phase composition

Accuracy of Mean Value of Central Venous Pressure from Monitor Digital Display: Influence of Amplitude of Central Venous Pressure during Respiration

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Chinese Medical Sciences Journal 2023年第2期38卷 117-124页

作者： Meng-Ru Xu Wang-Lin Liu Huai-Wu He Xiao-Li Lai Mei-Ling Zhao Da-Wei Liu Yun Long Department of Critical Care Medicine State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare DiseasesPeking Union Medical HospitalPeking Union Medical College&Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing 100730China Department of Critical Care Medicine Beihai People's HosptialBeihai 536000Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionChina Department of Critical Care Medicine Zibo Central HospitalMedical College of Shandong UniversityZibo 255020Shandong ProvinceChina

Background A simple measurement of central venous pressure(CVP)-mean by the digital monitor display has become increasingly popular.However,the agreement between CVP-mean and CVP-end(a standard method of CVP measurement by analyzing the waveform at end-expiration)is not well determined.This study was designed to identify the relationship between CVP-mean and CVP-end in critically ill patients and to introduce a new parameter of CVP amplitude(ΔCVP=CVPmax-CVPmin)during the respiratory period to identify the agreement/disagreement between CVP-mean and CVP-end.Methods In total,291 patients were included in the study.CVP-mean and CVP-end were obtained simultaneously from each patient.CVP measurement difference(|CVP-mean-CVP-end|)was defined as the difference between CVP-mean and CVP-end.TheΔCVP was calculated as the difference between the peak(CVPmax)and the nadir value(CVPmin)during the respiratory cycle,which was automatically recorded on the monitor screen.Subjects with|CVP-mean-CVP-end|≥2 mm Hg were divided into the inconsistent group,while subjects with|CVP-mean-CVP-end|2 mm Hg were divided into the consistent group.ResultsΔCVP was significantly higher in the inconsistent group[7.17(2.77)vs.5.24(2.18),P0.001]than that in the consistent group.There was a significantly positive relationship betweenΔCVP and|CVP-mean-CVP-end|(r=0.283,P 0.0001).Bland-Altman plot showed the bias was-0.61 mm Hg with a wide 95%limit of agreement(-3.34,2.10)of CVP-end and CVP-mean.The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves(AUC)ofΔCVP for predicting|CVP-mean-CVP-end|≥2 mm Hg was 0.709.With a high diagnostic specificity,usingΔCVP3 to detect|CVP-mean-CVP-end|lower than 2mm Hg(consistent measurement)resulted in a sensitivity of 22.37%and a specificity of 93.06%.UsingΔCVP8 to detect|CVP-mean-CVPend|8 mm Hg(inconsistent measurement)resulted in a sensitivity of 31.94%and a specificity of 91.32%.Conclusions CVP-end and CVP-mean have statistical discrepancies in specific clinical scenarios.ΔCVP during the respiratory period is rel

关键词： central venous pressure monitor digital display monitor cursor-line display respiration

Synthesis,Crystal Structure and Thermal Property of a 2D Brick Wall Framework Constructed from a New Mononuclear Complex

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Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry 2010年第9期29卷 1321-1326页

作者：张云张士真李建定党娟陶偌偈 Institute of Molecular & Crystal Engineering Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CollegeHenan University Shangqiu technician college

One new coordination polymer with the chemical formula [CoCu2L2·K2·1.5C2H5OH]n（H4L = 2-hydroxy-3-[（E）-（{3-[（2-hydroxybenzoyl）amino]propyl}imino）methyl] benzoic acid） has been synthesized based on the slow diffusion method,and characterized by IR spectroscopy,thermalgravimetric and X-ray diffraction analysis.It crystallizes in the monoclinic system,space group P21/n with a = 11.98860（10）,b = 24.4279（3）,c = 14.9008（2） ,β = 104.7490（10）°,V = 4220.01（8） 3,Z = 2,Mr = 1009.94,Dc = 1.590 g/cm3,F（000） = 2056,μ（MoKα） = 1.649 mm-1,the final R = 0.0411 and wR = 0.1178 for 5920 observed reflections with I 2σ（I）.The compound possesses a 2D brick wall structure constructed from trinuclear units.

关键词： coordination polymer crystal structure brick wall thermal property

Sequential pyrolysis for understanding specific influence of cellulose- and lignin-derived volatiles on properties of counterpart char

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Green Chemical Engineering 2024年第2期5卷 222-235页

作者： Yuewen Shao Chao Li Mengjiao Fan Guoming Gao Stelgen Inkoua Lijun Zhang Shu Zhang Jun Xiang Song Hu Xun Hu School of Material Science and Engineering University of JinanJinan250022China Joint International Research Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Materials College of Materials Science and EngineeringNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing210037China State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion Huazhong University of Science and Technology430074China

Interactions of cellulose-and lignin-derived intermediates have been well documented during pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass.The reaction network for the interactions is rather complex,as cellulose-derived volatiles could interact/react with not only lignin-derived volatiles but also lignin-derived char and vice versa.To probe specifically the impacts of cellulose-derived volatiles on the lignin-derived char or the opposite,herein the sequential pyrolysis was performed by arranging cellulose in the upper bed with lignin in the lower bed or lignin above with cellulose below at 350 and 650℃,respectively.The results indicated that the sequential pyrolysis of cellulose→lignin or lignin→cellulose at 350℃induced increased char yield from formation of carbonaceous deposits via volatiles-char interactions.Compared with the lignin-derived volatiles,the cellulose-derived volatiles,especially aldehyde fractions,were more reactive towards the lignin-derived char at 350℃,forming oxygen-rich lignin-derived char with a higher yield,an abundance of aliphatic structures and consequently lower thermal stability.In sequential pyrolysis of lignin→cellulose,more aromatics-rich species were deposited on cellulose-derived char,but the lignin-derived volatiles were less reactive for enhancing the char yield.At 650℃,instead of polymerisation of the volatiles on the char,either the cellulose-or lignin-derived char catalyzed the cracking of the counterpart volatiles to remove the aliphatic functionalities,which made the char more aromatic and thermally more stable.

关键词： Cellulose Lignin Sequential pyrolysis Char Interaction

Hierarchical Porous Carbon Counter Electrode for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

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Chinese Physics Letters 2011年第3期28卷 224-227页

作者：王桂强黄从从邢伟禚淑萍 college of Chemical Engineering Shandong University of TechnologyZibo 255049

Hierarchical porous carbon is prepared by a combination of self-organization and chemical activation and explored as counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells.Pore structure analysis shows that micropores generated within the mesopore wall and the pristine mesopore structure of mesoporous carbon are preserved during KOH activation.Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy studies demonstrate a relatively high electrocatalytic activity of hierarchical porous carbon electrode for triiodide reduction,as compared with a pristine mesoporous carbon electrode.This enhanced electrocatalytic activity is beneficial for improving the photovoltaic performance of dyesensitized solar cells.The overall conversion efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells with the hierarchical porous carbon electrode increased by 11.5%compared with that of the cell with a pristine mesoporous carbon electrode.

关键词： electrode Solar dye

Outcome of a session of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy before endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for problematic and large common bile duct stones

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第27期23卷 4950-4957页

作者： Tao Tao Ming Zhang Qi-Jie Zhang Liang Li Tao Li Xiao Zhu Ming-Dong Li Gui-Hua Li Shu-Xia Sun Department of Gastroenterology Zibo Central Hospital Department of Rehabilitation Zibo Central Hospital Department of General Surgery(Breast and Thyroid Surgery) Zibo Central Hospital Department of Orthopedics(Spinal Surgery) Zibo Central Hospital Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnosis Guangdong Medical College Department of Gynecology Zibo Central Hospital

AIM To compare the efficacy of a session of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy(ESWL) before endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) vs ERCP only for problematic and large common bile duct(CBD) stones.METHODS Adult patients with CBD stones for whom initial ERCP was unsuccessful because of the large size of CBD stones were identified. The patients were randomized into two groups,an "ESWL + ERCP group" and an "ERCP-only" group. For ESWL + ERCP cases,ESWL was performed prior to ERCP. Clearance of the CBD,complications related to the ESWL/ERCP procedure,frequency of mechanical lithotripsy use and duration of the ERCP procedure were evaluated in both groups.RESULTS There was no significant difference in baseline characteristics between the two groups. A session of ESWL before ERCP compared with ERCP only resulted in similar outcomes in terms of successful stone removal within the first treatment session(74.2% vs 71.0%,P = 0.135),but a higher clearance rate within the second treatment session(84.4% vs 51.6%,P = 0.018) and total stone clearance(96.0% vs 86.0%,P = 0.029). Moreover,ESWL prior to ERCP not only reduced ERCP procedure time(43 ± 21 min vs 59 ± 28 min,P = 0.034) and the rate of mechanical lithotripsy use(20% vs 30%,P = 0.025),but also raised the clearance rate of extremely large stones(80.0% vs 40.0%,P = 0.016). Post-ERCP complications were similar for the two groups.CONCLUSION Based on the higher rate of successful stone removal and minimal complications,ESWL prior to ERCP appears to be a safe and effective treatment for the endoscopic removal of problematic and large CBD stones.

关键词： Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography Common bile duct stones