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Prevalence of Thyroid Nodules and Its Relationship with Iodine Status in Shanghai:a Population-based Study

Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2016年第6期29卷 398-407页

作者： SONG Jun ZOU Shu Rong GUO Chang Yi ZANG Jia Jie ZHU Zhen Ni MI Ming HUANG Cui Hua YU Hui Ting LU Xi RUAN Ye WU Fan Department of Nutrition Hygiene Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention Department of Food Hygiene & Food-Borne disease control Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention Department of Health Statistics Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention Department of School Health Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention Department of Diabetes Mellitus control and prevention Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention

Objective This study was designed to evaluate the prevalence of thyroid nodules（TNs） and its relationship with urine iodine concentrations（UICs） after the regional rapid economic growth and lifestyle changes. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in the general population aged 15-69 years. A questionnaire regarding general and personal characteristics and relevant information was administered. Ultrasonography of the thyroid was performed, and serum triiodothyronine（T3）, tetraiodothyronine（T4）, serum thyroid stimulating hormone（TSH）, free triiodothyronine（FT3）, free tetraiodothyronine（FT4）, thyroglobulin antibody（Tg Ab）, thyroid peroxidase antibody（TPOAb）, and TSH receptor antibody（TRAb） levels were measured for each individual subject. Results The prevalence rates of TNs in the whole population, females and males were 27.76%, 34.04%, and 21.60%, respectively. The prevalence of multiple nodules increased with age, whereas the prevalence peaks differed between males and females. The median UICs in the whole population and females with non-TNs were higher than those of subjects with TNs（P=0.0035, P=0.0068）. The median UICs in subjects with a single TN were higher than those in subjects with multiple TNs（P=0.0164, P=0.0127）. The result showed a U-shaped curve relationship between UIC and prevalence of TNs. The prevalence of TNs was the lowest when the UIC was 140-400 μg/L. Conclusion The prevalence of TNs was nearly 30% and increased with age. The relationship between UIC and prevalence of TNs is U-shaped, with an increase in risk when the UIC was 〈140 μg/L and 〉400 μg/L. Very low or high UIC levels need attention and correction.

关键词： Thyroid Nodules Prevalence Urine iodine Epidemiology

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Pollution of HCHs,DDTs and PCBs in tidal flat of Hangzhou Bay 2009–2013

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2016年第3期34卷 539-548页

作者：赵鹏龚文杰毛国华李继革徐奋奋施家威 Jiangbei center for disease control and prevention Ningbo Cixi center for disease control and prevention Ningbo Ningbo municipal center for disease control and prevention Ningbo

The concentration and distribution of three persistent organic pollutants （hexachlorocyclohexanes （HCHs）, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes （DDTs） and polyehlorinated biphenyls （PCBs）） was assessed in tidal fiat sediments collected from the south bank of Hangzhou Bay, China from 2009 to 2013. Gas chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry （GC-MS/MS） was used for analysis, based on United States Environmental Protection Agency methods EPAS080A, EPA8081B, and EPA3550B. The results showed that the levels of HCHs, DDTs and PCBs decreased in the order of DDTs 〉 HCHs 〉 PCBs, and their mass fractions ranged from 0.29-32.91, 0.09-13.19 and 0.16-4.10 ktg/kg （dry mass）, respectively. The levels of HCHs, DDTs and PCBs decreased slowly from 2009 to 2013, with considerably greater concentrations in winter than in spring and summer. In this study area, the concentrations of DDTs and HCHs decreased gradually towards the mouth of Hangzhou Bay, while the concentrations of PCBs were related to changes in the local economy. In addition, the sources of HCHs and DDTs were identified as atmospheric precipitation and historical residues, Finally, we predicted that PCBs pollution primarily originated from Aroclor 1254（Lot A4）, which might root in the illegal demolition and stacking of abandoned paint, transformer or electronic equipment in the south bank of Hangzhou Bay.

关键词： South Bank of Hangzhou Bay sediment hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)

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Molecular Characteristics of Neisseria meningitidis Isolated during an Outbreak in a Jail: Association with the Spread and Distribution of ST-4821 Complex Serogroup C Clone in China

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2013年第5期26卷 331-337页

作者： ZHANG Ji ZHOU Hai Jian XU Li HU Guang Chun ZHANG Xue Hua XU Sheng Ping LIU Zun Yu SHAO Zhu Jun Jinan municipal center for disease control and prevention State Key Laboratory for Infectious disease prevention and control National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention

Objective To characterize the meningococcal strains isolated from cases and close contacts with meningococcal disease associated with an outbreak in a jail in May 2010 by investigating the national distribution of hyperinvasive ST-4821 serogroup C clone associated with this outbreak. Methods The cases were described based on the clinical symptoms and laboratory results. Pharyngeal swabs were cultured for N. meningitidis from men in the jail. Meningococcal isolates were identified by serogrouping, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis （PFGE） and multilocus sequence typing （MLST）, respectively. Four hundred and sixteen serogroup C N. meningitidis strains were collected from 27 provinces between 2003 and 2010 for a nationwide survey and analyzed by PFGE and MLST. Results Three persons in a jail system were infected with invasive N. meningitidis serogroup C. All isolates tested had matching PFGE patterns and belonged to the multilocus sequence type （ST） 4821 clonal complex. All 47 N. meningitidis strains were identified from the pharyngeal swabs of 166 peoples in the jail, and 26 of them belonged to ST-4821 serogroup C clone, and 90.14% （375/416） serogroup C strains identified in the nationwide survey belonged to the ST-4821 complex. The ST-4821 serogroup C clone was spread nationwide, distributed in 24 provinces, especially in eastern provinces between 2003 and 2010. Conclusion Endemic transmission and carriage rate of ST-4821 serogroup C clone are high in this jail system. The ST-4821 serogroup C clone is spreading in China and nationwide distributed despite the existence of some effective vaccines.

关键词： Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis Multilocus sequence typing Neisseria meningitidis ST-4821 Serogroup C

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Molecular Epidemiological Characteristics of Streptococcus pyogenes Strains Involved in an Outbreak of Scarlet Fever in China,2011

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2013年第11期26卷 877-885页

作者： YOU Yuan Hai SONG Yan Yan YAN Xiao Mei WANG Hai Bin ZHANG Meng Han TAO Xiao Xia Li Lei Lei ZHANG Yu Xin JIANG Xi Hong ZHANG Bing Hua ZHOU Hao XIAO Di JIN Lian Mei FENG Zi Jian LUO Feng Ji ZHANG Jian Zhong Collabroative Innovation center for Diagnosis Treatment of Infectious disease State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and ControlNational Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention Chaoyang District center for disease control and prevention Beijing Suzhou City center for disease control and prevention Office of disease control and Emergency Response Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Harbin municipal center for disease control and prevention

Objective To investigate molecular characterization of streptococcus pyogenes isolates involved in an outbreak of scarlet fever in China in 2011. Methods Seventy-four 5treptococcol pyogenes involved in an outbreak of scarlet fever were isolated from pediatric patients in the areas with high incidence in China from May to August of 2011. Emm genotyping, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis （PFGE）, superantigen （SAg） genes and antimicrobial susceptibility profiling were analyzed for these isolates. Results A total of 4 different emm types were identified. Emm12 was the most prevalent type which contained four predominating PFGE patterns corresponding to four different virulence and superantigen profiles. Emm12（79.7%） and emml （14.9%） accounted for approximately 94% of all the isolates. The speA gene was all negative in emm12 isolates and positive in emml isolates. All strains were resistant to erythromycin, and 89.4% of them were resistant to erythromycin, tracycline, and clindamycin simultaneously. Conclusion Several highly diversified clones with a high macrolide resistance rate comprise a predominant proportion of circulating strains, though no new emm type was found in this outbreak. The data provide a baseline for further surveillance of scarlet fever, which may contribute to the explanation of the outbreak and development of a GAS vaccine in China.

关键词： Scarlet fever Streptococcus pyogenes Molecular epidemiology

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Pedestrian Injuries and the Relevant Burden in Shanghai, China: Implications for control

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2015年第2期28卷 127-135页

作者： LI Yan Hong WANG Chun Fang SONG Gui Xiang PENG Juan Juan ZHOU De Ding SU Hui Jia GAO Ning YU Yan ZHONG Wei Jian ZHANG Hong Wei Department of Injury prevention and control Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control & Prevention Department of Vital Statistics Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control &Prevention Department of Epidemiology Second Military Medical University

Objective To study the associations of pedestrian injuries with age, income and educational level in Shanghai and to analyze the relative disease burden. Methods Information on pedestrian-related cases and deaths were collected from 494 hospitals and mortality registry systems from 1992 to 2010, and a multistage cluster sampling survey conducted in 2006. Logistic regression model was used in the analyses. Results The age group of 5-9 had the highest mortality and morbidity among children. Mortality increased obviously among those aged 60 or above. Individuals with an educational level under the primary school and with the lower family average income were more likely to suffer pedestrian-related injuries. Multivariate Logistic analysis demonstrated that lower income and lower educational level increased the risk of pedestrian injuries with the odds ratio of 1.40 （95% Cl： 1.15-1.71） and 1.70 （95% Cl： 1.20-2-40）, respectively. About 13.54% of the share of GDP for the healthcare, social security and welfare industries in Shanghai was occupied by the burden of pedestrian-related injuries in 2006. Conclusion Pedestrian-related injury has inverse association with victims＇ income and educational level. Children of 5-9 years old and adults over 60 with lower educational level and lower monthly income are the target persons to be intervened.

关键词： Pedestrian Injury Mortality Education Costs

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Development and application of a real-time polymerase chain reaction method for Campylobacter jejuni detection

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第20期19卷 3090-3095页

作者： Mao-Jun Zhang Bo Qiao Xue-Bin Xu Jian-Zhong Zhang State Key Laboratory for Infectious disease prevention and control and National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Shanghai municipal center for disease control and prevention

AIM:To develop a real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR) method to detect and quantify Campylobacter jejuni(***) from stool ***:Primers and a probe for real-time PCR were designed based on the specific DNA sequence of the hipO gene in *** specificity of the primers and probe were tested against a set of Campylobacter *** other enteric *** optimal PCR conditions were determined by testing a series of conditions with standard a *** *** detection limits were obtained using purified DNA from bacterial culture and extracted DNA from the stool *** hundred and forty-two specimens were analyzed for the presence of *** by direct bacterial culture and real-time ***:The optimal PCR system was determined using reference DNA templates,1 × uracil-DNA glycosylase,3.5 mmol/L MgCl 2,1.25 U platinum Taq polymerase,0.4 mmol/L PCR nucleotide mix,0.48 μmol/L of each primer,0.2 μmol/L of probe and 2 μL of DNA template in a final volume of 25 μ*** PCR reaction was carried as follows:95 ℃ for 4 min,followed by 45 cycles of 10 s at 95 ℃ and 30 s at 59 ℃.The detection limit was 4.3 CFU/mL using purified DNA from bacterial culture and 10 3 CFU/g using DNA from stool ***(8.3%,20/242) *** strains were isolated from bacterial culture,while 41(16.9%,41/242) samples were found to be positive by realtime *** sequencing of the PCR product indicated the presence of *** in the *** mixed infection of *** and Salmonella was detected in one specimen and the PCR test for this specimen was ***:The sensitivity of detection of *** from stool specimens was much higher using this PCR assay than using the direct culture method.

关键词： Campylobacter jejuni Real time polymerase chain reaction Application

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Study on Age and Education Level and Their Relationship with Fall-Related Injuries in Shanghai, China

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2013年第2期26卷 79-86页

作者： LI Yan Hong SONG Gui Xiang YU Yan ZHOU De Ding ZHANG Hong Wei Department of Injury prevention and control Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control&Prevention Department of Vital Statistics Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control&Prevention Department of Epidemiology Second Military Medical University

Objective To study age and educational level and their relationship with fall-related injuries in Shanghai and to analyze the relevant costs. Methods Multistage cluster sampling was used for the selection of participants and standardized questionnaires were used for the information collection in 2006. Information on cases and deaths caused by fall-related injuries were obtained from 494 hospitals as well as from the mortality registry systems from 2001 till 2010. Results Of 45 857 participates, 674 suffered from fall-related injuries with the largest proportion among all injuries. The fall-related mortality increased from 10.63 per 100 000 in 2001 to 14.11 per 100 000 in 2010. The under-five mortality rate was the highest among children aged 0-14 years. Mortality increased dramatically among those aged 55 or above for the female and aged 60 or older for the male. Individuals with an educational level under the primary school were more likely to suffer fall-related injuries, accounting for 72.66% of all deaths and 49.24% of nonfatal cases respectively. The annual burden of fall-related injuries equated to 25.90% of the share of GDP for the healthcare, social security and welfare industries in 2006. Conclusion Fall-related injuries were inversely related to victims＇ educational level. Children under the age of 5, women over 55 years old and men over 60 years old with an educational level lower than the primary school are the most risky groups of populations for intervention measures.

关键词： Fall Injury Education Costs Mortality

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High Prevalence and Factors Contributing to Hyperhomocysteinemia, Folate Deficiency, and Vitamin B_(12) Deficiency among Healthy Adults in Shanghai, China

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2019年第1期32卷 63-67页

作者： WANG Yu Heng YAN Qing Hua XU Ji Ying LI Xin Jian CHENG Min Na Shanghai municipal center for disease control and prevention

Elevated plasma or serum total homocysteine (tHcy) level has been established as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease[1], as well as dementia and cognitive decline[2]. Plasma or serum folate and vitamin B12 influence homocysteine (Hcy) metabolism as a co-substrate and cofactor respectively, so that low concentrations of folate and vitamin B12 are also associated with high Hcy levels[1]. However, not much information is available describing serum tHcy, folate, and vitamin B12 status in Shanghai adults, especially in a healthy population. Therefore, we hypothesize that low serum folate and vitamin B12 is associated with high Hcy in healthy adults in Shanghai. The aim of this study was to determine the status of serum tHcy, folate, and vitamin B12, and the prevalence and factors contributing to HHcy, folate deficiency, and vitamin B12 deficiency among healthy adults in Shanghai, China.

关键词： Cardiovascular disease Serum total homocysteine (tHcy) Vitamin B12

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Cronobacter Carriage in Neonate and Adult Intestinal Tracts

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2013年第10期26卷 861-864页

作者： LIU Hui CUI Jing Hua CUI Zhi Gang HU Guang Chun YANG Yue Lian LI Jian SHI Yu Wen Jinan municipal center for disease control and prevention State Key Laboratory for Communicable disease prevention and control National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention

A total of 7 Cronobocter strains were isolated from 703 fecal samples collected in Jinan from June 13 to December 30, 2011, with the positive rate of Cronobacter spp. being 1.0% （95% confidence interval 0.6%-1.4%）. Three Cronobacter sakazakii stains were isolated from 157 fecal samples of healthy neonates （95% confidence interval 0.4%-5.5%）. This number was slightly higher than that isolated from 273 fecal samples of healthy adults, in which 1 strain of C. sakazakii and 1 strain of Cronobacter malonaticus were isolated, and that from 173 fecal samples of adults with acute diarrhea, in which 1 strain of C sakazakii and 1 strain of C. malonaticus were isolated, but the differences were not statistically significant （P〉O.05）. The Cronobocter isolates were all from different genetic sources. It should be noted that Cronobacter carriage may cause infection under certain conditions, especially in neonates.

关键词： Cronobacter Carriage in Neonate and Adult Intestinal Tracts

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Rapid and High-throughput Identification of Recombinant Bacteria with Mass Spectrometry Assay

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2014年第4期27卷 250-258页

作者： XIAO Di TAO Xiao Xia WANG Peng LIU Guo Dong GONG Ya Nan ZHANG Hui Fang WANG Hai Bin ZHANG Jian Zhong State Key Laboratory for Infectious disease prevention and control National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Collaborative Innovation center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious diseases Provincial Key Laboratory for Plague control and prevention Yunnan Provincial Institute for Endemic Diseases Control and Prevention Beijing municipal center for disease control and prevention Chaoyang District center for disease control and prevention Beijing

Objective To construct a rapid and high-throughput assay for identifying recombinant bacteria based on mass spectrometry. Methods Matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry （MALDI-TOF MS） techniques were used to identify 12 recombinant proteins （10 of Yersinia pestis, 1 of Campylobacter jejuni and 1 of Helicobacter pylori）. A classification model for the various phase of recombinant bacteria was established, optimized and validated, using MALDI-TOF MS-CIinProTools system. The differences in the peptide mass spectra were analyzed by using Biotyper and FIexAnalysis softwares. Results Models of GA, SNN, and QC were established. After optimizing the parameters, the GA recognition model showed good classification capabilities： RC=100%, mean CVA=98.7% （the CVA was 96.4% in phase 1, 100% in phase 2, 98.4% in phase 3, and 100% in phase 4, respectively） and PPV=95}. This model can be used to classify the bacteria and their recombinant, which only requires 3.7x103 cells for analysis. The total time needed is only 10 min from protein extraction to reporting the result for one sample. Furthermore, this assay can automatically detect and test 96 samples concurrently. A total of 48 specific peaks （9, 16, 9, and 14 for the four stages, respectively） was found in the various phase of recombinant bacteria. Conclusion MALDI-TOF MS can be used as a fast, accurate, and high-throughput method to identify recombinant bacteria, which provide a new ideas not only for recombinant bacteria but also for the identification of mutant strains and bioterrorism pathogens.

关键词： Recombinant bacteria MALDI-TOF MS ClinProTools Rapid identification Specific peaks

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