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A preliminary study of early agriculture practices at the Haojiatai site in Luohe city,Henan Province

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Science China Earth Sciences 2021年第2期64卷 307-317页

作者： Zhenhua DENG Hai ZHANG Wei LI Fawei LIANG Yanpeng CAO Center for the Study of Chinese archaeology Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China School of archaeology and Museology Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Henan Provincial institute of cultural relics and archaeology Zhengzhou 450099China

As the most fundamental economic sector of human societies,farming has played a significant role in interactions between humans and the *** study of crop patterns in various regions could not only clarify the economic foundations of early societies,but also greatly improve our understanding of interactions among human beings,the environment,and other *** this regard,this study focuses on early agriculture practices at the Haojiatai site,situated in the cultural and natural transitional region between North and South *** plant remains from this site reveal that foxtail millet was the most important staple crop here during the Longshan and Xinzhai periods(4300–3800 *** BP),along with common millet and a small amount of rice and *** crop pattern is in contrast to the ancient environmental conditions of this region,and cultural factors such as agriculture traditions and food preferences may have been more important in the formation process of this crop pattern.

关键词： Huang-Huai Plain Longshan period Agriculture pattern cultural influence

PIXE analysis of proto-porcelain excavated from Tingziqiao kiln site of Deqing(China)

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2014年第3期25卷 14-17页

作者：张斌承焕生郑建明 institute of Modern Physics Fudan University institute of cultural relics and archaeology of Zhejiang Province

Particle induced X-ray Emission(PIXE) was used to analyze the proto-porcelain excavated from Tingziqiao kiln site of Warring States(475–221 BC) in Deqing County of Zhejiang Province, China. It was found that the porcelain body and glaze differ from each other in recipes. The porcelain clay of high silicon and low aluminum might be used to make the body of proto-porcelain. Lime and plant or wood ashes might be added into the glaze of the proto-porcelain. Cluster analysis was done to reveal the compositional relationship between the proto-porcelain samples.

关键词： PIXE分析原始瓷中国出土遗址窑 X射线发射聚类分析

The emergence, development and regional differences of mixed farming of rice and millet in the upper and middle Huai River Valley, China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2016年第9期59卷 1779-1790页

作者： YANG YuZhang CHENG ZhiJie LI WeiYa YAO Ling LI ZhanYang LUO WuHong YUAN ZengJian ZHANG Juan ZHANG JuZhong Department for the History of Science and Scientific archaeology University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China Faculty of archaeology Leiden University Leiden 2333CC the Netherlands Henan Provincial institute of cultural relics and archaeology Zhengzhou 450000 China

Mixed farming of rice and millet is one of the basic agricultural modes in the upper and middle Huai River Valley(HRV). According to the latest data, this agricultural mode appeared during the middle and late Peiligang Culture(7.8–7.0 ka BP) in the upper HRV, and then became a common subsistence economy in the end of the Neolithic(5.0–4.0 ka BP) in both the upper and middle HRV. However, it is still not clear how this mixed farming developed in the upper HRV after its occurrence, nor are the regional differences in the development of mixed farming between the upper and middle HRV during the Neolithic completely understood. In this paper, flotation and starch analyses were conducted on samples from eight archaeological sites in the upper and middle HRV. The results indicate that the mixed farming of rice and millet first appeared in the later phase of the middle Neolithic in the regions of the Peiligang Culture, then developed quite rapidly in the late Neolithic(6.8–5.0 ka BP), finally becoming the main subsistence economy at the end of the Neolithic in the upper HRV. However, there are obvious differences in the emergence and development of agriculture between the middle and upper HRV. Rice farming was the only agricultural system during the middle Neolithic, lasting until the end of the Neolithic, when mixed farming appeared in the middle HRV. Furthermore, although mixed farming appeared in both the upper and middle HRV during the end of the Neolithic, the roles of rice, foxtail millet and broomcorn millet in the subsistence economy were not the same. In general, millet was more widely cultivated than rice in the upper HRV, but rice occupied the same or a slightly more prominent position in the middle HRV at the end of the Neolithic. These results are significant for understanding the process of agricultural development and transformation, as well as human adaptation to climatic and cultural variability duringthe Neolithic.

关键词： Upper and middle Huai River Neolithic Mixed farming of rice and millet Agricultural development and transformation Regional differences

Discovery and significance of buried paleoearthquake of the early Shang Dynasty (1260-1520 BC) in Xuecun,Xingyang,Henan Province,China

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2010年第12期55卷 1186-1192页

作者： XIA ZhengKai ZHANG XiaoHu CHU XiaoLong ZHANG JunNa Department of Urban and Environmental Science Peking University Beijing 100871 China Henan Provincial institute of cultural relics and archaeology Zhengzhou 450000 China

Due to the South-to-North Water Diversion Project,the salvage archaeological excavations were conducted in Xuecun,Xingyang city,Henan Province,China,by the institute of cultural relics and archaeology of Henan Province in 2005 and *** evidence for a paleoearthquake was found during the excavation in the Xuecun archaeological *** evidence includes faults,two small grabens and a series of ground *** geological structures are considered to be generated by the *** on the relationship between the paleoseismic relics and the cultural layers excavated in the site,we inferred that the earthquake took place in the early Shang Dynasty (the Erligang period).The AMS 14C dates of charcoal from ash pits in the site indicate that the earthquake occurred between 1260 BC and 1520 *** paleoearthquake during this period was first discovered in the Central Plain of *** discovery not only extents the scope of paleoseismic investigation,but also provides valuable information for safety evaluation of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project.

关键词：古地震河南省中国早期商代荥阳市掩埋引水工程

Skeletal element distributions of the large herbivores from the Lingjing site,Henan Province,China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2012年第2期55卷 246-253页

作者： ZHANG ShuangQuan LI ZhanYang ZHANG Yue GAO Xing Laboratory of Human Evolution Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100044China Henan Provincial institute of cultural relics and archaeology Zhengzhou 450000China

More than ten thousands of bone fragments were recovered from the Lingjing site, Henan Province during 2005 and 2006. In this paper, through the quantification and statistical analyses of the skeletal elements of the two predominant species in this assemblage, aurochs (Bos primigenius) and horse (Equus caballus), the differential influences and weights of a variety of taphonomic agencies in the formation of the assemblage are assessed respectively. Compared to the natural agencies, hominid hunting and the subsequent disarticulation, slaughtering, and their transport of the bone elements of the prey species are the main factors accounting for the formation of the present assemblage. More importantly, this study initiatively identifies hominid's differential treatment of the bones of aurochs and horse in the Paleolithic record of East Asia and demonstrably suggests that hominids at the site have already practiced sophisticated hunting techniques and subsistence strategies and may be quite familiar with the ecological and anatomical characteristics and nutritional values of the large-sized prey animals and can accordingly take different processing and handling strategies at the hunting site.

关键词： Lingjing site taphonomy zooarchaeology skeletal element distribution human transport behaviors

Broomcorn millet cultivation in the SW East European Plain since the second millennium BC

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年

作者： Ting AN Luoya ZHU Jie TIAN Chenghao WEN Meng YANG Hongxing HAO Magda LAZAROVICI Gheorghe LAZAROVICI School of Art and archaeology Zhejiang University institute of archaeology Chinese Academy of Social Sciences zhengzhou institute of cultural relics and archaeology institute of archaeology Iasi

The early trans-Eurasian exchange and its influence on the dynamics of human-land relationships is an emerging topic involving multiple disciplines. The southwestern part of the Eastern European Plain was a key hub for early East-West interaction. Broomcorn millet, a crop domesticated in China, was introduced into the region about 3,600 years ago, significantly earlier than in other parts of Europe. This research employs systematic archaeobotanical flotation and AMS radiocarbon dating at two sites in Romania:Baia-?n Muchie and Dobrov??. The findings demonstrate that broomcorn millet cultivation in this region has persisted for over 2,000 years, exhibiting significant diachronic fluctuations. Millet was most intensively utilized during the Late Bronze Age to the Early Iron Age (1200–800 BC) and the Late Roman Empire (AD 250–400), periods which were characterized by rapid climatic changes. It may have been cultivated as a “disaster relief” crop to mitigate the challenges posed by extreme drought and cold. The millet grains from the study area are similar in dimensions to those reported in East Asia;however, grains from the Romanian sites are thinner and longer. The route traversing the Caucasus and the northern Black Sea likely served as a key passage through which millet entered Europe from West Asia. This research provides valuable data on the chronology of millet cultivation in the SW Eastern European Plain and enhances our understanding of early East-West exchanges and their impact on human-environment interactions in critical regions.

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Microwear analysis of a bone-handled microblade excavated at Shangzhai site in Beijing: Evidences from ESEM

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Science China Earth Sciences 2010年第9期53卷 1335-1342页

作者： CUI TianXing YANG Qin YU JinCheng ZHOU ShuangLin ZHAO ChaoHong School of archaeology and Museology Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Beijing institute of cultural relics Beijing 100009China

The conventional wisdom has been challenged recently that microblades with handles are only tools for hunting and gathering in the Neolithic Age. Some scholars argued that microblades actually played an important part in the early agricultural development in the Neolithic. However, both of these opinions lacked direct evidence. Environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) is used to analyze the residues of the bone-handled microblade excavated at the Shangzhai site in Pinggu, Beijing. The ESEM observation and EDX analysis show that at the edge of this bone-handled microblade are Ca, P, C, O or C, N, O, etc, which provide direct evidence for determining its function, namely that this microblade may have been dealt with animals. In addition, there was a layer of glue at the back of the microblade with barium and zinc salt distributed evenly in it, this new discovery sheds new light on adhesive technology in ancient China.

关键词： Shangzhai culture bone-handled microblade microwear analysis ESEM EDX

Study on the most early glass eye-beads in China unearthed from Xu Jialing Tomb in Xichuan of Henan Province,China

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2009年第4期52卷 922-927页

作者： GAN FuXi CHENG HuanSheng HU YongQing MA Bo GU DongHong Shanghai institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghiai 201800China Fudan University Shanghai 200433China Henan Research institute of cultural relics and archaeology Zhengzhou 450000China

The eye-beads dating to the early Warring States Period unearthed from Xu Jialing Tomb in Xichuan County of Henan Province, China are studied. The structure and the chemical composition of the sam- ples are analysed by the undestructive methods of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the Proton Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) technique. The results show that these eye-beads are of glass state. Its chemical composition indicates that they belong to the glass of soda lime silicate system (Na2O-CaO-SiO2). By comparing the decorative design and the chemical composition of the samples with those from ancient Babylon and ancient Egypt, we think that these ancient eye-beads in Xichuan were most possibly im- ported from the West.

关键词： glass eye-beads origin ancient exchange between China and the west chemical composition analysis

Feeding prehistoric coastal community:A study of marine faunal remains at the Jingtoushan site

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第5期67卷 1574-1590页

作者： Endong WU Guoping SUN Ying ZHANG School of Culture History and LanguageAustralian National UniversityCanberra 2600Australia Zhejiang Provincial institute of cultural relics and archaeology Hangzhou 310012China National Centre for archaeology Beijing 100013China

This article examines the abundant marine mollusc,and fish remains at the Jingtoushan shell midden(8,300 to7,800 cal a BP)in Zhejiang Province,China,to investigate the fishing economy,community development,the palaeoenvironment,and their interactions among the prehistoric populations in the lower Yangtze River Basin and southeastern coastal *** also attempts to explore the prosperity and decline of coastal settlements in China during the Neolithic Age and the potential reasons for their rise and fall,*** on the ecological and biological principles of marine animals,standard zooarchaeological methods and radiocarbon dating analysis are used for sampling,identification,measurement,and *** show that at least 11 mollusc taxa and 14 fish taxa can be identified from the Jingtoushan faunal *** ancient Jingtoushan residents possibly lived in a settlement close to the coast and engaged in inshore and offshore fishing,hunting,and gathering as their primary subsistence strategies,with low-level rice cultivation as a supplementary means of ***,the changes in the coastal environment could be one of the reasons why the Jingtoushan residents abandoned their *** research contributes to Chinese Neolithic archaeology with new evidence of the exploitation of marine resources around 8000 a BP in the eastern coastal areas and the relationship between Neolithic community development and environmental changes.

关键词： Neolithic Age Marine faunal remains Fishing economy Palaeoenvironment Community development