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Experimental Study on energy Storage Characteristics of Sintered Ore Particle Packed Beds

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Journal of Thermal Science 2025年第1期34卷 242-253页

作者： LAI Zhenya DING Liwei LYU Hongkun HOU Chenglong CHEN Jiaying GUOXutao HAN Gaoyan ZHANG Kang State Grid zhejiang Electric power Research Institute Hangzhou 310014China State Key Laboratory of Clean energy Utilization Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China

The particle packed bed energy storage system has advantages such as low costs and wide temperature ranges,which can be combined with solar thermal power generation systems to solve the inherent volatility and discontinuity of renewable *** new materials with low costs and excellent storage performances is one of the eternal research hotspots in the field of energy *** paper innovatively uses sintered ore particles as energy storage material and studies the effect of particle size on the airflow resistance characteristics,energy storage characteristics,and thermocline evolution characteristics of the packed bed through thermal energy storage *** results indicate that for the particles in the macro scale,the smaller the particle,the lower the absolute permeability of the bed and the greater the airflow *** packed bed with smaller particles has a larger specific surface area,larger bulk mass,and smaller bed ***,the packed beds with smaller particles have better thermocline characteristics,less irreversible loss,and can achieve higher thermal efficiency and higher exergy efficiency in the heat storage *** cycle thermal efficiency in packed beds with 25-40 mm,16-25 mm,and 10-16 mm particles is 53.58%,56.27%,and 57.60%,respectively,and the cycle exergy efficiency is 61.81%,69.25%,and 74.13%,***,this paper also studies the effect of discharging airflow rates on thermal storage *** experimental results indicate that suitable discharging strategies should be selected based on different heat demands.

关键词： particle packed bed airflow resistance thermal energy storage thermocline evolution

Gas-Solid Flow,combustion Characteristics,and Gas Emissions in a 75 t/h CFB Boiler Based on the CPFD Method

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Journal of Thermal Science 2025年第1期34卷 323-336页

作者： HUANG Xiankun BAI Zhang ZHU Xiaoli WANG Shuoshuo MU Lin GONG Liang college of new energy China University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao 266580China Key Laboratory of Ocean energy Utilization and energy conservation of Ministry of Education School of Energy and Power EngineeringDalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024China

A 3D simulation using computational Particle Fluid Dynamics(CPFD)methods was used to calculate coal combustion in a 75 t/h industrial-scale circulating fluidized bed(CFB)*** characteristics,gas-solid flow characteristics,and gaseous pollutant emissions of CFB boilers from combustion ignition to stable operation were systematically evaluated in this *** show that the temperature distribution is relatively uniform throughout the *** the combustion process unfolds within the boiler,the gas composition curve strikingly portrays the inverse correlation between co_(2)and O_(2)*** the combustion reaction progresses,it becomes evident that the concentration of co_(2)progressively increases,while the concentration of O_(2)concurrently *** inverse relationship underscores the fundamental combustion reaction,where carbon-based fuels react with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and release ***,a comprehensive analysis has revealed that,from ignition to stable combustion,both nitric oxide(NO)and sulfur dioxide(SO_(2))emissions exhibit a declining *** reduction in pollutant generation is attributed to the improvement in combustion *** complete combustion leads to lower levels of unburned hydrocarbons,which are prone to NO ***,the sulfur content in the fuel is more efficiently oxidized to sulfur trioxide(SO_(3))or bound in sulfates,reducing SO_(2)*** steady state in the simulation,the SO_(2)mass flow rate varies significantly with the furnace height,gradually increasing from 0.07 kg·s^(-1)at 4 m at the bottom of the furnace to a peak of 0.078 kg·s^(-1)at 8 m in the center,and then decreasing to 0.06 kg·s^(-1)at 20m at the top of the furnace.

关键词： circulating fluidized bed particle flow combustion CPFD modeling

Dual-phase interface engineering via parallel modulation strategy for highly reversible Zn metal batteries

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Journal of energy Chemistry 2025年第2期101卷 163-174页

作者： Zhean Bao Yang Wang Kun Zhang Guosheng Duan Leilei Sun Sinan Zheng Bin Luo Zhizhen Ye Jingyun Huang School of Materials Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials Zhejiang University Institute of Wenzhou Zhejiang University Institute of Thermal Science and power Systems Zhejiang University Longmen Laboratory of Luoyang

The reversibility and stability of aqueous Zn metal batteries（AZMBs） are largely limited by Zn dendrites and interfacial parasitic ***,we propose a parallel modulation strategy to boost the reversibility of the Zn anode by introducing N,N,N',N'-tetramethylchloroformamidinium hexafluorophosphate（TCFH） as an additive in the *** is composed of PF6-and TN+with opposite ***6-can spontaneously induce the in-situ generation of ZnF2solid electrolyte interface（SEI） on the anode,which can improve the transport kinetics of Zn2+at the interface,thus promoting the rapid and uniform deposition of Zn as well as inhibiting the growth of *** addition,TN+is enriched at the anode surface during Zn deposition through the anchoring effect,which brings a reconfiguration of the ion/molecule *** anchored-TN+reduces the concentrations of H2O and SO42-,sufficiently restraining the parasitic *** to the dual-phase interface engineering constructed of PF6-and TN+in parallel,the symmetric cell with the proposed electrolyte survives long cycling stability over750 h at 20 mA cm-2,10 mAh *** study offers a distinct viewpoint to the multidimensional optimization of Zn anodes for high-performance AZMBs.

关键词： Anchoring effect Aqueous Zn metal batteries Electrolyte additive Solid electrolyte interface Zn anode

Nano high-entropy oxide cathode with enhanced stability for direct borohydride fuel cells

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Journal of energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 309-316页

作者： Lei Zhang Lingfeng Kuang Lianke Zhang Wen Chu Haiying Qin Jing Zhang Junjing He Hualiang Ni Hongzhong Chi new energy Materials Research Center College of Materials and Environmental EngineeringHangzhou Dianzi UniversityHangzhou 310018ZhejiangChina School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027ZhejiangChina Key Laboratory of MEMS of Ministry of Education School of Integrated CircuitsSoutheast UniversityNanjing 210096JiangsuChina

High-entropy materials have become high-activity electrocatalysis owing to their high-entropy effect and multiple active ***,we synthesize a series of carbon-supported nano high-entropy oxides(HEOs/C),specifically (PtFecoNiCu)O/C,using a carbothermal shock (CTS) method for application as a cathode catalyst in direct borohydride fuel cells (DBFCs).The microstructure of the prepared catalysts was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,X-ray absorption fine structure,and transmission electron *** prepared (PtFecoNiCu)O/C,with particle sizes ranging from 2 to 4 nm,demonstrates 3.94 transferred electrons towards the oxygen reduction reaction in an alkaline environment,resulting in a minimal H_(2)O_(2)yield of 2.6%.Additionally,it exhibits a Tafel slope of 61 mV dec-1,surpassing that of commercial Pt/C (82 mV dec-1).Furthermore,after 40,000 cycles of cyclic voltammetry(CV) testing,the half-wave potential of (PtFecoNiCu)O/C shows a positive shift of 3 mV,with no notable decline in the limiting current *** (PtFecoNiCu)O/C is used as a cathode catalyst in DBFCs,the DBFC achieves a maximum power density of 441 mW cm^(-2)at 60°C and sustains a cell voltage of approximately 0.73 V after 52 h at 30°*** findings confirm that HEO/C is a promising cathode catalyst for DBFCs.

关键词： High-entropy oxides Oxygen reduction reaction Carbothermal shock Stability Direct borohydride fuel cells

Internal flow mechanism for a pump-turbine operated in pump mode under double humps condition

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Science China Technological Sciences 2025年第3期68卷 114-128页

作者： Yongshun ZENG Zhaohui QIAN Weixiang YE Yuning ZHANG Diana PUGA Xianwu LUO School of energy power and Mechanical Engineering North China Electric Power University Department of energy and power Engineering State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering Tsinghua University Institute of Nuclear and new energy Technology Tsinghua University

The head-flow rate curve with double humps brings greater challenges to the stable operation of a pump-turbine in pump mode, and the present investigation aims to reveal the formation mechanisms behind it. We performed unsteady simulations by applying a modified partially averaged Navier-Stokes(PANS) model and the double hump phenomenon was satisfactorily captured with relative errors within 3.87% by comparing the head with the experimental data. The results showed that the rotating stall occurred in the guide vane during both the first and second hump regions and induced the dominant pressure pulsation component with an oscillating frequency 11.7% times the runner rotation frequency. The reverse flow was observed due to the propagation of rotating stall cells in the guide vane, and the first hump was attributed to the vortex in the vaneless region, with a reduction in the runner's capacity for doing work as the reverse flow reached the blade trailing *** second hump was attributed to the flow separation near the leading edge of the runner blades, which extended to the runner outlet and interacted with the rotating stall cell, leading to a rapid extension of the reverse flow into the runner. This not only reduces the runner's capacity for doing work but also significantly increases the energy loss in the blade-to-blade flow passage near the runner exit. This study enhances the understanding of the flow mechanism in the hump region, which can provide insights into the suppression of unstable flows and runner optimization.

关键词： pump-turbine double humps capacity for doing work energy loss vortex evolution

Performance Analysis of a coupled System based on Organic Rankine Cycle and Double Effect Absorption Refrigeration for Waste Heat Recovery in Data Center

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Journal of Thermal Science 2025年第1期34卷 188-205页

作者： LI Peng XU Jiaqi WANG Binbin LIU Jianyang ZHAO Wensheng HAN Zhonghe School of energy power and Mechanical Engineering North China Electric Power UniversityBaoding 071003China Hebei Key Laboratory of Low Carbon and High Efficiency power Generation Technology North China Electric Power UniversityBaoding 071003China

During data center operation,it generates a significant volume of low-grade waste *** recover waste heat,a coupled system including solar collector,double effect absorption refrigeration and organic Rankine cycle is *** system performance is analyzed in *** the organic Rankine cycle,five organic working fluids(R245fa,R245ca,R123,R11,and R113)are selected.R245fa,R113 and R245ca obtain the maximum net power output,thermal efficiency and exergy efficiency,*** the double effect absorption refrigeration system,the evaporation temperature,condensation temperature,and generation pressure affect the coP and exergy *** the generator pressure is unchanged,the coP increases with increasing evaporation temperature and decreasing condensation *** the coP reaches 1.3,the coP slightly decreases as the evaporation temperature or condensation temperature ***,the exergy efficiency of refrigeration systems exhibits the same trend as the coP,and the exergy efficiency maximum value appears at approximately 0.32.A new performance indicator,rPUE,was defined to evaluate the data center power utilization *** flow distribution ratio and heat source temperature were optimized with multi-objective *** the mass flow distribution rate is 0.6 and the heat source temperature is 441.5 K,rPUE and the total unit production costs of the system obtain the optimal solution.

关键词： data center solar heat collection organic Rankine cycle double effect absorption refrigeration waste heat recovery

Recent Advancements in the Optimization Capacity configuration and coordination Operation Strategy of Wind-Solar Hybrid Storage System

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energy Engineering 2025年第1期122卷 285-306页

作者： Hongliang Hao Caifeng Wen Feifei Xue Hao Qiu Ning Yang Yuwen Zhang Chaoyu Wang Edwin E.Nyakilla Department of new energy Storage Peking University Ordos Research Institute of EnergyOrdos017010China School of energy and power Engineering Inner Mongolia University of TechnologyHohhot010080China Key Laboratory of Wind energy and Solar energy Utilization Technology Inner Mongolia University of TechnologyHohhot010051China

Present of wind power is sporadically and cannot be utilized as the only fundamental load of energy *** paper proposes a wind-solar hybrid energy storage system(HESS)to ensure a stable supply grid for a longer period.A multi-objective genetic algorithm(MOGA)and state of charge(SOC)region division for the batteries are introduced to solve the objective function and configuration of the system capacity,***/Simulink was used for simulation *** optimization results show that for a 0.5 MW wind power and 0.5 MW photovoltaic system,with a combination of a 300 Ah lithium battery,a 200 Ah lead-acid battery,and a water storage tank,the proposed strategy reduces the system construction cost by approximately 18,000 ***,the cycle count of the electrochemical energy storage systemincreases from4515 to 4660,while the depth of discharge decreases from 55.37%to 53.65%,achieving shallow charging and discharging,thereby extending battery life and reducing grid voltage fluctuations *** proposed strategy is a guide for stabilizing the grid connection of wind and solar power generation,capability allocation,and energy management of energy conservation systems.

关键词： Electric-thermal hybrid storage modal decomposition multi-objective genetic algorithm capacity optimization allocation operation strategy

Pressure-Dependent Thermal Network Model for Press-Pack power Modules with Prognostics of Mechanical Status

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CSEE Journal of power and energy Systems 2025年第1期11卷 424-439页

作者： Yao Chang Yu Zhou Ankang Zhu Haoze Luo Wuhua Li Chushan Li Francesco Iannuzzo Xiangning He college of Electrical Engineering Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China zhejiang University–University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Institute Zhejiang UniversityHaining314400China Department of energy Technology Aalborg UniversityAalborg 9220Denmark

The press-pack power module with multi-chip layout has drawn increasing attention from industry and academia with its thermal analysis becoming an essential ***,the pressure-dependent thermal variables,such as thermal contact resistance and thermal coupling resistance,are often *** this paper,a pressure-dependent thermal network model is developed to characterize the thermal performance and mechanical status of press-pack power *** including the thermal contact resistance and thermal coupling resistance as the function of pressure,the proposed model ensures a more precise thermo-mechanical evaluation inside the press-pack power *** influence of pressure on self-heating effects and thermal coupling effects of power modules is studied using the knowledge of elastic mechanics.A press-pack prototype with variable pressure loads is ***,thermal experiments under different pressures on chips are conducted and the pressure-variable temperature responses of the thermal network are ***,the feasibility of the proposed thermal network model is validated.A cost-effective prognostic method on the mechanical status of press-pack power module is also achieved.

关键词： Mechanical status press-pack power module pressure-dependent model thermal network.

Real-Time Error Analysis of Multi-Channel Capacitive Voltage Transformer Using co-Prediction Matrix

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Journal of power and energy Engineering 2025年第1期13卷 1-17页

作者： Jiusong Hu Ao Xiong Yongqi Liu Guaxuan Xiao Yi Zhong college of Railway Transportation Hunan University of Technology Zhuzhou China Wasion Group co. Ltd. Changsha China State Grid zhejiang Leqing power Supply co. Ltd. Leqin China Shengtong Electric new energy Technology co. Ltd. Jurong China

Capacitive voltage transformers (CVTs) are essential in high-voltage systems. An accurate error assessment is crucial for precise energy metering. However, tracking real-time quantitative changes in capacitive voltage transformer errors, particularly minor variations in multi-channel setups, remains challenging. This paper proposes a method for online error tracking of multi-channel capacitive voltage transformers using a co-Prediction Matrix. The approach leverages the strong correlation between in-phase channels, particularly the invariance of the signal proportions among them. By establishing a co-prediction matrix based on these proportional relationships, The influence of voltage changes on the primary measurements is mitigated. Analyzing the relationships between the co-prediction matrices over time allows for inferring true measurement errors. Experimental validation with real-world data confirms the effectiveness of the method, demonstrating its capability to continuously track capacitive voltage transformer measurement errors online with precision over extended durations.

关键词： Capacitive Voltage Transformers co-Prediction Matrix High-Voltage Measurement error